[1. Raison CL & Miller AH. When not enough is too much: the role of insufficient glucocorticoid signaling in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2003; 160: 1554-65.10.1176/appi.ajp.160.9.1554]Search in Google Scholar
[2. Kaneko M, Yokoyama F, Hoshino Y et al. Hypothalamicpituitary- adrenal axis function in chronic schizophrenia: association with clinical features. Neuropsychobiology. 1992; 25: 1-7.10.1159/000118800]Search in Google Scholar
[3. Yıldırım O, Dogan O, Semiz M et al. Serum cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels in schizophrenic patients and their first-degree relatives. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011; 65: 584-91.10.1111/j.1440-1819.2011.02252.x]Search in Google Scholar
[4. Ryan MC, Sharifi N, Condren R et al. Evidence of basal pituitary-adrenal overactivity in first episode, drug naive patients with schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004; 29: 1065-70.cn_2252 584..59110.1016/j.psyneuen.2003.08.011]Search in Google Scholar
[5. Walder DJ, Walker EF, Lewine RJ. Cognitive functioning, cortisol release, and symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2000; 48: 1121-32.10.1016/S0006-3223(00)01052-0]Search in Google Scholar
[6. Gallagher P, Watson S, Smith MS et al. Plasma cortisol- dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) ratios in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res. 2007; 90(1-3): 258-65.10.1016/j.schres.2006.11.02017222537]Search in Google Scholar
[7. Zhang XY, Zhou DF, Cao LY et al. Cortisol and cytokines in chronic and treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia: association with psychopathology and response to antipsychotics. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005; 30(8): 1532-8.10.1038/sj.npp.130075615886721]Search in Google Scholar
[8. Yilmaz N, Herken H, Cicek HK et al. Increased levels of nitric oxide, cortisol and adrenomedullin in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Med Princ Pract. 2007; 16(2): 137-41.10.1159/00009836717303950]Search in Google Scholar
[9. Hori H, Teraishi T, Sasayama D et al. Elevated cortisol level and cortisol/DHEAS ratio in schizophrenia as revealed by low-dose dexamethasone suppression test. The Open Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012; 5: 18-24.10.2174/1876523801205010018]Search in Google Scholar
[10. Ritsner M, Maayan R, Gibel A et al. Elevation of the cortisol/dehydroepiandrosterone ratio in schizophrenia patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004; 14: 267-73.10.1016/j.euroneuro.2003.09.00315163435]Search in Google Scholar
[11. Taherianfard M & Shariaty M. Evaluation of serum steroid hormones in schizophrenic patients. Indian J Med Sci. 2004; 58(1): 3-9.]Search in Google Scholar
[12. Morfin R. DHEA and the brain. Taylor and Francis, London and New York, 2002.10.1201/b12558]Search in Google Scholar
[13. Baulieu EE, Robel P. Dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate as neuroactive neurosteroids. J Endocrinol. 1996; 150: S221-S239.]Search in Google Scholar
[14. Rupprecht R. Neuroactive steroids: mechanisms of action and neuropsychopharmacological properties. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2003; 28: 139-68.10.1016/S0306-4530(02)00064-1]Search in Google Scholar
[15. Oades RD & Schepker R. Serum gonadal steroid hormones in young schizophrenic patients. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1994; 19(4): 373-85.10.1016/0306-4530(94)90017-5]Search in Google Scholar
[16. Strous RD, Maayan R, Lapidus R et al. Increased circulatory dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosteronesulphate in first episode schizophrenia: relationship to gender, aggression and symptomatology. Schizophr Res. 2004; 71: 427- 34.10.1016/j.schres.2004.03.005]Search in Google Scholar
[17. Shirayama Y, Hashimoto K, Suzuki Y et al. Correlation of plasma neurosteroids to the severity of negative symptoms in male patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Res. 2002; 58:69-74.10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00367-X]Search in Google Scholar
[18. Ritsner M, Gibel A, Ram E et al. Alterations in DHEA metabolism in schizophrenia: Two-month case- control study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006; 16: 137-46.10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.07.00716139994]Search in Google Scholar
[19. Ritsner M, Gibel A, Maayan R et al. Cortisol/Dehydroepiandrosterone ratio and responses to antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005; 30: 1913-22.10.1038/sj.npp.130074715870835]Search in Google Scholar
[20. di Michele F, Caltagirone C, Bonaviri G et al. Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone levels are strongly increased in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res. 2005; 39: 267-73.10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.08.00515725425]Search in Google Scholar
[21. Garner B, Phassuliotis C, Phillips LJ et al. Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate levels correlate with symptom severity in first-episode psychosis. J Psychiatr Res. 2011; 45(2): 249-55.10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.06.00820619421]Search in Google Scholar
[22. Marx CE, Stevens RD, Shampine LJ et al. Neuroactive steroids are altered in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: relevance to pathophysiology and therapeutics. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006; 31: 1249-63.10.1038/sj.npp.130095216319920]Search in Google Scholar
[23. Shulman Y & Tibbo P. Neuroactive steroids in schizophrenia. Can J Psychiatry. 2005; 50:695-702.10.1177/070674370505001109]Search in Google Scholar
[24. Strous RD, Maayan R, Kotler M et al. Hormonal profile effects following dehidroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration to schizophrenic patients. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2005; 28: 265-9.10.1097/01.wnf.0000188716.25211.58]Search in Google Scholar
[25. Rybakowski J, Linka M, Matkowski K et al. Dexamethasone suppresion test and the positive and ne gative symptoms of schizophrenia. Psychiatr Pol. 1991; 25:9-15.]Search in Google Scholar
[26. Tandon R, Mazzara C, DeQuardo J et al. Dexamethasone suppression test in schizophrenia: relationship to symptomatology, ventricular enlargement and outcome. Biol Psychiatry. 1991; 29: 953-64.10.1016/0006-3223(91)90353-N]Search in Google Scholar
[27. Walker EF, Diforio D. Schizophrenia: A neural diathesis- stress model. Psychol Rev. 1997; 104: 667-85.10.1037/0033-295X.104.4.667]Search in Google Scholar
[28. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987; 13: 261-7.10.1093/schbul/13.2.261]Search in Google Scholar
[29. Kaneda Y, Fujii A, Ohmori T. The hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal axis in chronic schizophrenic patients long-term treated with neuroleptics. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 2002; 26: 935-8.]Search in Google Scholar
[30. Newcomer JW, Faustman WO, Whiteford HA et al. Symptomatology and cognitive impairment associate independently with post-dexamethasone cortisol concentrations in unmedicated schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry. 1991; 29: 855-64.10.1016/0006-3223(91)90052-N]Search in Google Scholar
[31. Keshavan MS, Brar J, Ganguli R et al. DST and schizophrenic symptomatology. Biol Psychiatry. 1989; 26: 847-58. 10.1016/0006-3223(89)90132-7]Search in Google Scholar