Seasonality and host-parasite interrelationship of Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda) in whiting Merlangius merlangus off the southern and northern coasts of the Black Sea
, , and | Jul 22, 2016
About this article
Article Category: Research Article
Published Online: Jul 22, 2016
Page range: 248 - 256
Received: Mar 11, 2016
Accepted: Jun 07, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2016-0025
Keywords
© 2016 Institute of Parasitology, SAS, Košice
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
List of Hysterothylacium aduncum infections in the Black Sea whiting Merlangius merlangus on the basis of literature data
| - | - | - | Georgia–Batumi | as | |
| 68.7 | 1–12 (mean =4.6) | 3.2 | Ukraine – Sevastopol | as | |
| 36 | 7–9 | - | Ukraine – Novorossiysk, Karadag | as | |
| 53.3 | 1–3 | - | Ukraine – Odessa Gulf | as | |
| - | - | - | Bulgaria | as | |
| 41 | 1–11 | - | Black Sea | as | |
| 16.8–88.2 | - | - | Bulgaria | as | |
| - | - | - | Ukraine – Alushta, Karadag, Sevastopol | ||
| - | - | - | Turkey – Samsun | ||
| 21.8–54.8 | 0.5–1.45 (mean intensity) | - | Turkey - Turkish Black Sea coasts | Ismen and Bingel (1999) | |
| 60.3 | 7.5 ±0.1 | - | Turkey - Sinop | ||
| 62.5 (adult); 25.0 (larvae) | - | 1 – 6 (adults); 2.0 (larvae) | Ukraine – Karadag | as | |
| 60.3 | 7.48 ±0.9 | 6.62 ±0.9 | Turkey - Sinop | ||
| 91.2 (Sinop) | 41.79 ± 10.03 (Sinop) | - | Turkey – Sinop; Ukraine – Sevastopol | ||
| 40.5 (Sevastopol) | 1.99 ± 0.52 (Sevastopol) | - | Turkey – Sinop; Ukraine - Sevastopol | ||
| 4–91 (larvae); 2–74 (adult) | - | - | Ukraine–Sevastopol, Sudak, Kalamitskiy Bay | ||
| 2–100 | 1–24 | - | Ukraine – Streletskaya Bay-Sevastopol | ||
| 88.5 | 7.5 ±0.1 | - | Turkey – Sinop | ||
| 37.5 | 1 – 8 (mean=3.8) | - | Turkey - Eastern Black Sea coasts | ||
| 56.0 | 9.4 (mean intensity) | 10.0 | Turkey – Artvin, Rize, Trabzon | ||
| 80.3(77.1–83.1) | 11.5(9.6–17.2) | 9.3(7.7–13.9) | Black Sea – Sinop | This study | |
| 32.9 (28.5–37.6) | 3.1 (2.5–4.0) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | Black Sea – Sevastopol | This study |
Comparative statistical differences in prevalence, mean intensity, median intensity and mean abundance of H. aduncum between Sinop and Balaklava Bay samples relative to season, fish size and sex
| Spring | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 |
| Summer | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.067 | 0.084 | 0.051 level of significance given as p<0.05 |
| Autumn | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.313 | 0.001 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.281 |
| Winter | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.002 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 |
| <15 cm | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.253 | 0.086 | 0.206 |
| 15 – 18 cm | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 |
| >18 cm | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.011 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.013 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 |
| Female | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 |
| Male | 0.000 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.374 | 0.042 level of significance given as p<0.05 | 0.377 |
Levels of Infection of H. aduncum according to season, length classes and sex of whiting, M. merlangus, from Sinop and Balaklava Bay of the Black Sea during 2011 – 2014 N= number offish examined, Cl – 95 % confidence Intervals based on Stern’s exact score limit, Mean I - Mean Intensity and Mean A - Mean Abundance with bootstrap 95 % Cl (Mean I, A), v/m – varlance-to-mean ratio of H. aduncum, SE – Standard Error
| Season/fish length/sex | N | Fish Length±SE | Prevalence (%) Cl | Mean I Cl | Mean A Cl | v/m | k* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seasons | |||||||
| Summer (June – August) (20.4 – 26.1 °C) | 26 | 15.5 ±0.2 | 80.8 (61.7–92.1) | 5.3 (3.2–9.1) | 4.3 (2.5–7.5) | 9.5 | 0.711 |
| Autumn (September – November) (15.2 – 21.4 °C) | 222 | 15.5 ±0.2 | 88.3 (83.4–91.9) | 14.4 (9.0–33.1) | 11.8(8.0–29.5) | 227.7 | 0.548* |
| Winter (December – February) (8.3 – 13.1 °C) | 222 | 15.2 ±0.1 | 79.7 (73.9–84.6) | 11.9 (9.3–17.1) | 9.5(7.5–13.4) | 48.3 | 0.481 |
| Spring (March – May) (9.5 – 17.2 °C) | 220 | 15.0 ±0.1 | 72.7 (66.4–78.2) | 9.7(7.8–12.4) | 7.0 (5.6–9.0) | 24.4 | 0.454 |
| Fish Length Classes | |||||||
| <15cm | 323 | – | 70.9 (65.6 – 75.7) | 11.7 (7.8–29.1) | 8.3(5.4–18.5) | 238.7 | 0.330* |
| 15–18cm | 326 | – | 88.7 (84.7–91.8) | 10.3 (8.9–12.8) | 9.1 (7.9–11.3) | 24.1 | 0.774 |
| >18cm | 41 | – | 87.8 (74.6–95.1) | 20.6(14.0–31.5) | 18.1 (12.0–29.1) | 37.0 | 0.682 |
| Fish Sex | |||||||
| Male | 229 | 14.5 ±0.2 | 74.7 (68.6 – 79.9) | 10.6 (5.9–32.6) | 7.9(4.4–21.9) | 321.3 | 0.374* |
| Female | 461 | 15.6 ±0.1 | 83.1 (79.3–86.3) | 11.9(10.4–14.4) | 9.9(8.5–12.0) | 34.4 | 0.568* |
| Overall | 690 | 15.2 ±0.1 | 80.3 (77.1–83.1) | 11.5 (9.6–17.2) | 9.3(7.7–13.9) | 115.7 | 0.487* |
| Seasons | |||||||
| Summer (June–August) (21.7 – 25.2 °C) | 40 | 15.1 ±0.2 | 17.5(8.4–32.3) | 1.7(11–2.1) | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) | 1.7 | 0.254 |
| Autumn (September – November) (13.9 – 21.6 °C) | 97 | 18.6 ±0.3 | 11.3 (6.1–19.5) | 1.5(1.1–16) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 1.5 | 0.216 |
| Winter (December – February) (8.2 – 11.0 °C) | 80 | 17.0 ±0.2 | 32.5 (23.0 – 43.7) | 2.2(15–3.8) | 0.7 (0.4–13) | 4.5 | 0.328 |
| Spring (March – May) (8.4 – 16.4 °C) | 206 | 15.7 ±0.2 | 46.1 (39.3–53.2) | 3.7 (2.9–4.8) | 17(13–2.4) | 8.0 | 0.331 |
| Fish Length Classes | |||||||
| <15cm | 117 | – | 43.6 (34.6 – 53.0) | 5.0 (3.7–7.2) | 2.2(15–3.3) | 9.9 | 0.249 |
| 15–18cm | 181 | – | 31.5 (25.1 – 38.7) | 18(15–2.3) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 2.2 | 0.490 |
| >18cm | 125 | – | 24.8(17.9–33.2) | 2.3(19–3.7) | 0.6 (0.4–10) | 4.1 | 0.211 |
| Fish Sex | |||||||
| Male | 69 | 14.8 ±0.2 | 33.3 (23.1 – 45.6) | 3.4 (2.2–5.6) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) | 6.9 | 0.214 |
| Female | 354 | 16.9 ±0.2 | 32.8 (27.9 – 37.8) | 3.1 (2.5–4.1) | 1.0 (0.8–14) | 7.7 | 0.232 |
| Overall | 423 | 16.5 ±0.2 | 32.9 (28.5–37.6) | 3.1 (2.5–4.0) | 1.0 (0.8–14) | 7.6 | 0.228 |
Comparative statistical differences in prevalence, mean intensity, median intensity and mean abundance of H. aduncum in Sinop and Balaklava Bay samples relative to season, fish size and sex
| Sinop | Seasons | 0.001 level of significance with p<0.05 | - | 0.012 level of significance with p<0.05 | - |
| Length classes | 0.000 level of significance with p<0.05 | - | 0.000 level of significance with p<0.05 | - | |
| Sex | 0.009 level of significance with p<0.05 | 0.712 | 0.010 level of significance with p<0.05 | 0.574 | |
| Balaklava Bay | Seasons | 0.000 level of significance with p<0.05 | - | 0.011 level of significance with p<0.05 | - |
| Length classes | 0.007 level of significance with p<0.05 | - | 0.000 level of significance with p<0.05 | - | |
| Sex | 1.000 | 0.668 | 1.000 | 0.700 |