<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>This paper focuses on the analysis of the urban macroform in terms of urban compactness and dispersion (urban sprawl) in the inter-communal grouping of Batna, which is composed of four adjacent interconnected communal districts: Batna, Tazoult, Oued Chaaba and Fesdis. First, the urban macroform is examined by mapping the urban areas that are characterised by morphological changes over a period of 36 years utilising remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) through satellite images taken from Landsat TM and ETM +, Sentinel 2 (1984, 1996, 2008 and 2020). Next, the Shannon entropy method is utilised to determine compactness or dispersion of urban growth over time. In addition, a fractal analysis based on the box-counting method is used to assess the complexity and to explain the morphological reality of the macroform through urban changes. In order to predict the future change scenarios and spatial distributions of land use and land cover in the coming years the hybrid cellular automata (CA) – Markov method is used. The results of the remote sensing, Shannon entropy values and fractal indices demonstrate that Batna inter-municipal grouping has experienced moderate urban development according to the observed urban sprawl between 1984 and 2020. These data are helpful in the urban planning and to provide decision-making tools.</p>
</abstract>

This paper focuses on the analysis of the urban macroform in terms of urban compactness and dispersion (urban sprawl) in the inter-communal grouping of Batna, which is composed of four adjacent interconnected communal districts: Batna, Tazoult, Oued Chaaba and Fesdis. First, the urban macroform is examined by mapping the urban areas that are characterised by morphological changes over a period of 36 years utilising remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) through satellite images taken from Landsat TM and ETM +, Sentinel 2 (1984, 1996, 2008 and 2020). Next, the Shannon entropy method is utilised to determine compactness or dispersion of urban growth over time. In addition, a fractal analysis based on the box-counting method is used to assess the complexity and to explain the morphological reality of the macroform through urban changes. In order to predict the future change scenarios and spatial distributions of land use and land cover in the coming years the hybrid cellular automata (CA) – Markov method is used. The results of the remote sensing, Shannon entropy values and fractal indices demonstrate that Batna inter-municipal grouping has experienced moderate urban development according to the observed urban sprawl between 1984 and 2020. These data are helpful in the urban planning and to provide decision-making tools.

Cartography and Analysis of the Urban Growth, Case Study: Inter-Communal Grouping of Batna, Algeria

Laboratory of design and Modeling of Architectural and Urban Forms and Ambiances (LACOMOFA)

Quaestiones Geographicae

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This paper focuses on the analysis of the urban macroform in terms of urban compactness and dispersion (urban sprawl) in the inter-communal grouping of Batna,...

No	Acquisition date	Satellites	Resolution Scale [m]	Number of bands	Projection
01	30-06-1984	Land SAT 5 TM	30	7	WGS 84 UTM Zone 31 N
02	21-10-1996	Land SAT 5 TM	30	7	WGS 84 UTM Zone 31 N
03	16-06-2008	Land SAT 7 ETM+	30	7	WGS 84 UTM Zone 31 N
04	12-03-2020	Sentinal 02	10	11	WGS 84 UTM Zone 31 N

Dates	VT	UII	K
1984–1996	0.24	0.04	1.56
1996–2008	0.43	0.08	2.35
2008–2020	1.49	0.27	6.40

Year	Overall accuracy [%]	Kappa coefficient
1984	88	0.8378
1996	90	0.8671
2008	90	0.8661
2020	86	0.8091

Cartography and Analysis of the Urban Growth, Case Study: Inter-Communal Grouping of Batna, Algeria

Published Online: Feb 06, 2023

Page range: 123 - 139

Received: Jul 16, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2023-0009

Keywords
urban macroform, remote sensing, Shannon entropy, fractal, CA-MARKOV, Batna

© 2023 Nadia Fekkous et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

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Detailed information on satellite images.

Average annual rate of change of the urban extension (VT), urbanisation intensity index (UII), dynamic degree of urban expansion (K) of the inter-municipal grouping of Batna between 1984 and 2020.

Overall accuracy index values and kappa coefficient for the years 1984, 1996, 2008 and 2020.

Cartography and Analysis of the Urban Growth, Case Study: Inter-Communal Grouping of Batna, Algeria

Published Online: Feb 06, 2023

Page range: 123 - 139

Received: Jul 16, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2023-0009

Keywordsurban macroform, remote sensing, Shannon entropy, fractal, CA-MARKOV, Batna

© 2023 Nadia Fekkous et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Detailed information on satellite images.

Average annual rate of change of the urban extension (VT), urbanisation intensity index (UII), dynamic degree of urban expansion (K) of the inter-municipal grouping of Batna between 1984 and 2020.

Overall accuracy index values and kappa coefficient for the years 1984, 1996, 2008 and 2020.

Keywords
urban macroform, remote sensing, Shannon entropy, fractal, CA-MARKOV, Batna