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Informacje o czasopiśmie
Format
Czasopismo
eISSN
1339-309X
Pierwsze wydanie
07 Jun 2011
Częstotliwość wydawania
6 razy w roku
Języki
Angielski

Wyszukiwanie

Tom 71 (2020): Zeszyt 2 (April 2020)

Informacje o czasopiśmie
Format
Czasopismo
eISSN
1339-309X
Pierwsze wydanie
07 Jun 2011
Częstotliwość wydawania
6 razy w roku
Języki
Angielski

Wyszukiwanie

0 Artykułów
Otwarty dostęp

Preventing method of acoustic resonance in the high-pressure discharge lamps

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 69 - 77

Abstrakt

Abstract

The article analyzes available methods for preventing acoustic resonance of high pressure lamps. A new method is proposed, the main idea of which is the filing of a high-voltage lamp modulated by a pseudo-random signal. An analysis of the spectral characteristics of the signal entering the lamp is made, the mathematical modeling of the set of a “discharge lamp - prototype of the device” - is implemented, which implements the proposed control method of the lamp. The results of simulation and oscillograms, taken from the prototype, which confirms the results of theoretical research, are presented.

Słowa kluczowe

  • preventing of acoustic resonance
  • high-pressure discharge lamp
  • pseudo-random signal
Otwarty dostęp

Automatic statistical evaluation of quality of unit selection speech synthesis with different prosody manipulations

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 78 - 86

Abstrakt

Abstract

Quality of speech synthesis is a crucial issue in comparison of various text-to-speech (TTS) systems. We proposed a system for automatic evaluation of speech quality by statistical analysis of temporal features (time duration, phrasing, and time structuring of an analysed sentence) together with standard spectral and prosodic features. This system was successfully tested on sentences produced by a unit selection speech synthesizer with a male as well as a female voice using two different approaches to prosody manipulation. Experiments have shown that for correct, sharp, and stable results all three types of speech features (spectral, prosodic, and temporal) are necessary. Furthermore, the number of used statistical parameters has a significant impact on the correctness and precision of the evaluated results. It was also demonstrated that the stability of the whole evaluation process is improved by enlarging the used speech material. Finally, the functionality of the proposed system was verified by comparison of the results with those of the standard listening test.

Słowa kluczowe

  • listening test
  • objective and subjective evaluation
  • quality of synthetic speech
  • statistical analysis
Otwarty dostęp

Acquiring electric energy from the transport conveyor roller movement for distributed sensors network

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 87 - 95

Abstrakt

Abstract

The paper presents the concept of installation of an electricity generator and en energy store inside a roller of belt or roller conveyor. Accordingly, the use of a generator-pulley does not require any structural changes to be made to an existing conveyor. In addition, the user will be able to power distributed sensors network for monitoring the operation of the belt conveyor anywhere on its route.

Słowa kluczowe

  • belt conveyor
  • roller conveyor
  • roller
  • electricity generator
  • sensors network
Otwarty dostęp

Properties of a modelled call centre

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 96 - 102

Abstrakt

Abstract

To detect the number of agents needed to serve customers, it is necessary to consider the call centre as a mass service system. Then it is possible to asses the convenient number of agents according to the probability of the system receiving a request and the time in which the request is serviced by employing a Markov chain and the Erlang model. In an archetypal call centre, the incoming calls are added to a waiting queue and subsequently they are assisted by an agent. In case all agents are occupied, the customer has to wait in the queue until one of the agents becomes available. It is, therefore, important to compromise on the number of agents and the time the customers spend waiting in the queue. The result should be that there are enough agents in the call centre to serve the customers in the time required. This article focuses on solving this problem.

Słowa kluczowe

  • call centre
  • IVR
  • mass service system
  • call agent
  • Erlang equations
Otwarty dostęp

Power saving technique based on traffic channels reallocation in GSM mobile network

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 103 - 109

Abstrakt

Abstract

A mobile users’ network with power control on traffic channels, as it is GSM, is considered in this paper. It is analyzed the influence of busy channels reallocation on the necessary emission power. The main principle in reallocation is that users who need greatest power for their connections take traffic channels of the first carrier where power is always maximum. It is assessed that reallocation process is not more complicate than the simplest handover processes. It is proved that this method may be used to decrease emission power of carriers after the second one. Power saving depends on number of carriers, environmental propagation coefficient and users’ density distribution in the cell. The results are verified by originally developed simulation program.

Słowa kluczowe

  • connection reallocation
  • power saving
  • frequency carriers
  • simulation program
Otwarty dostęp

A hairpin DGS resonator for application to microstrip lowpass filters

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 110 - 115

Abstrakt

Abstract

A hairpin shaped DGS, consisting of two tilted slots with a separation angle, is studied as a unit cell in this contribution. It is further served as a microwave resonator for microstrip lowpass filter applications. Two prototype filters that respectively cascade the same unit cells and the scaled cells with a different scale ratio are analyzed. For demonstration purposes, the two prototype filters are optimally developed, fabricated and examined both from numerical simulations and from experimental validations. Results show the cascaded scaled type demonstrator features a high stopband suppression level within a wide frequency band.

Słowa kluczowe

  • defected ground structure (DGS)
  • hairpin
  • lowpass filter
  • microstrip
Otwarty dostęp

Fractional analog scheme for efficient stabilization of a synchronous buck converter

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 116 - 121

Abstrakt

Abstract

This paper presents the design and control of power electronic synchronous buck converter. Even though a synchronous buck converter is more popular and more widely available, it is not always efficient as nonsynchronous. Firstly, the inputoutput linearization from the state space averaging of the converter is studied, after which a small AC signal analysis is introduced to obtain the dynamic transfer function. All the parameters of the converter are calculated based on the output voltage, current ripples as well as the input voltage. For robustness, the controller is implemented by comparing the response of integer order with non-integer (fractional) order controller, simply known as fractional order controller (FOC). The fractional order derivative is implemented from the Oustaloup approximation and the controller parameters are being tuned using Nelder Mead approximation bases on a system model. It is shown that the FOC performance is comparatively better in presence of the load disturbances and parameter variations. The experimental study with the real-time fractional PI is possible to make for a stand-alone embedded application using FPAA. The proposed technique does not require any digitization of the signal, so it can be easy to implement with improved performance. The effectiveness of the analog controller is discussed, giving some future directions to adopt the new fractional controller.

Słowa kluczowe

  • DC-DC buck converter
  • Fractional Controller
  • FOPI
  • FPAA
Otwarty dostęp

Integrated SolidWorks and Simscape platform for the design and control of an inverted pendulum system

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 122 - 126

Abstrakt

Abstract

A single inverted pendulum on a cart (SIPC) is designed and modeled physically using SolidWorks. The model is then exported to the Simulink environment to form a Simscape model for simulation and test purposes. This type of modeling uses a physical grid tactic to model mechanical structures. It requires connection of the physical elements with physical signal converter to define the implicit system dynamics to be modeled. The integration between the SolidWorks and Simscape eliminates the need of deriving the mathematical model and provides a platform for the rapid controller design for the system. State feedback control scheme is proposed, designed, and tuned aiming to maintain the pendulum in the upright place while tracking the desired cart position. Several simulation cases are studied to prove the controller abilities. In order to examine the controller robustness, disturbance rejection and noise attenuation capabilities are also discovered.

Słowa kluczowe

  • inverted pendulum on a cart
  • robust control
  • simscape modeling
  • SolidWorks
  • state feedback controller
Otwarty dostęp

Functional nano-structuring of thin silicon nitride membranes

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 127 - 130

Abstrakt

Abstract

The paper describes the development and production of a nano-optical device consisting of a nano-perforated layer of silicon nitride stretched in a single-crystal silicon frame using electron beam lithography (EBL) and reactive ion etching (RIE) techniques. Procedures for transferring nanostructures to the nitride layer are described, starting with the preparation of a metallic mask layer by physical vapor deposition (PVD), high-resolution pattern recording technique using EBL and the transfer of the motif into the functional layer using the RIE technique. Theoretical aspects are summarized including technological issues, achieved results and application potential of patterned silicon nitride membranes.

Słowa kluczowe

  • membrane
  • nano optical device
  • electron optics
  • electron beam lithography
  • silicon nitride
  • reactive ion etching
  • silicon etching
  • microfabrication
Otwarty dostęp

Cognitive solution for IoT communication technologies – emphasis on 5G

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 131 - 137

Abstrakt

Abstract

The 5G cellular network technology, in collaboration with Internet of Things (IoT), is envisaged to connect the world together through a flawless Internet connection between devices and sensors. The things in IoT term can be of any smart devices or Internet-enabled sensors that can share information in order to perform a task collectively or individually. On the other hand, Cognitive Internet of Things plays a vital role in utilizing available spectrum for 5G networks. Addition of cognitive feature to the things can allow decision making capability, thereby reducing the overall traffic congestion and improving the efficiency of the whole IoT system. Therefore, it is of great concern to develop an intelligent network to address a few challenges such as heterogeneity and volume of devices in 5G. The aim of this article is to provide a critical review of existing IoT communication Technologies and highlight several challenges and their potential solutions associated with Cognitive IoT based 5G networks.

Słowa kluczowe

  • internet of things (IoT)
  • cognitive radio
  • 5G networks
0 Artykułów
Otwarty dostęp

Preventing method of acoustic resonance in the high-pressure discharge lamps

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 69 - 77

Abstrakt

Abstract

The article analyzes available methods for preventing acoustic resonance of high pressure lamps. A new method is proposed, the main idea of which is the filing of a high-voltage lamp modulated by a pseudo-random signal. An analysis of the spectral characteristics of the signal entering the lamp is made, the mathematical modeling of the set of a “discharge lamp - prototype of the device” - is implemented, which implements the proposed control method of the lamp. The results of simulation and oscillograms, taken from the prototype, which confirms the results of theoretical research, are presented.

Słowa kluczowe

  • preventing of acoustic resonance
  • high-pressure discharge lamp
  • pseudo-random signal
Otwarty dostęp

Automatic statistical evaluation of quality of unit selection speech synthesis with different prosody manipulations

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 78 - 86

Abstrakt

Abstract

Quality of speech synthesis is a crucial issue in comparison of various text-to-speech (TTS) systems. We proposed a system for automatic evaluation of speech quality by statistical analysis of temporal features (time duration, phrasing, and time structuring of an analysed sentence) together with standard spectral and prosodic features. This system was successfully tested on sentences produced by a unit selection speech synthesizer with a male as well as a female voice using two different approaches to prosody manipulation. Experiments have shown that for correct, sharp, and stable results all three types of speech features (spectral, prosodic, and temporal) are necessary. Furthermore, the number of used statistical parameters has a significant impact on the correctness and precision of the evaluated results. It was also demonstrated that the stability of the whole evaluation process is improved by enlarging the used speech material. Finally, the functionality of the proposed system was verified by comparison of the results with those of the standard listening test.

Słowa kluczowe

  • listening test
  • objective and subjective evaluation
  • quality of synthetic speech
  • statistical analysis
Otwarty dostęp

Acquiring electric energy from the transport conveyor roller movement for distributed sensors network

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 87 - 95

Abstrakt

Abstract

The paper presents the concept of installation of an electricity generator and en energy store inside a roller of belt or roller conveyor. Accordingly, the use of a generator-pulley does not require any structural changes to be made to an existing conveyor. In addition, the user will be able to power distributed sensors network for monitoring the operation of the belt conveyor anywhere on its route.

Słowa kluczowe

  • belt conveyor
  • roller conveyor
  • roller
  • electricity generator
  • sensors network
Otwarty dostęp

Properties of a modelled call centre

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 96 - 102

Abstrakt

Abstract

To detect the number of agents needed to serve customers, it is necessary to consider the call centre as a mass service system. Then it is possible to asses the convenient number of agents according to the probability of the system receiving a request and the time in which the request is serviced by employing a Markov chain and the Erlang model. In an archetypal call centre, the incoming calls are added to a waiting queue and subsequently they are assisted by an agent. In case all agents are occupied, the customer has to wait in the queue until one of the agents becomes available. It is, therefore, important to compromise on the number of agents and the time the customers spend waiting in the queue. The result should be that there are enough agents in the call centre to serve the customers in the time required. This article focuses on solving this problem.

Słowa kluczowe

  • call centre
  • IVR
  • mass service system
  • call agent
  • Erlang equations
Otwarty dostęp

Power saving technique based on traffic channels reallocation in GSM mobile network

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 103 - 109

Abstrakt

Abstract

A mobile users’ network with power control on traffic channels, as it is GSM, is considered in this paper. It is analyzed the influence of busy channels reallocation on the necessary emission power. The main principle in reallocation is that users who need greatest power for their connections take traffic channels of the first carrier where power is always maximum. It is assessed that reallocation process is not more complicate than the simplest handover processes. It is proved that this method may be used to decrease emission power of carriers after the second one. Power saving depends on number of carriers, environmental propagation coefficient and users’ density distribution in the cell. The results are verified by originally developed simulation program.

Słowa kluczowe

  • connection reallocation
  • power saving
  • frequency carriers
  • simulation program
Otwarty dostęp

A hairpin DGS resonator for application to microstrip lowpass filters

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 110 - 115

Abstrakt

Abstract

A hairpin shaped DGS, consisting of two tilted slots with a separation angle, is studied as a unit cell in this contribution. It is further served as a microwave resonator for microstrip lowpass filter applications. Two prototype filters that respectively cascade the same unit cells and the scaled cells with a different scale ratio are analyzed. For demonstration purposes, the two prototype filters are optimally developed, fabricated and examined both from numerical simulations and from experimental validations. Results show the cascaded scaled type demonstrator features a high stopband suppression level within a wide frequency band.

Słowa kluczowe

  • defected ground structure (DGS)
  • hairpin
  • lowpass filter
  • microstrip
Otwarty dostęp

Fractional analog scheme for efficient stabilization of a synchronous buck converter

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 116 - 121

Abstrakt

Abstract

This paper presents the design and control of power electronic synchronous buck converter. Even though a synchronous buck converter is more popular and more widely available, it is not always efficient as nonsynchronous. Firstly, the inputoutput linearization from the state space averaging of the converter is studied, after which a small AC signal analysis is introduced to obtain the dynamic transfer function. All the parameters of the converter are calculated based on the output voltage, current ripples as well as the input voltage. For robustness, the controller is implemented by comparing the response of integer order with non-integer (fractional) order controller, simply known as fractional order controller (FOC). The fractional order derivative is implemented from the Oustaloup approximation and the controller parameters are being tuned using Nelder Mead approximation bases on a system model. It is shown that the FOC performance is comparatively better in presence of the load disturbances and parameter variations. The experimental study with the real-time fractional PI is possible to make for a stand-alone embedded application using FPAA. The proposed technique does not require any digitization of the signal, so it can be easy to implement with improved performance. The effectiveness of the analog controller is discussed, giving some future directions to adopt the new fractional controller.

Słowa kluczowe

  • DC-DC buck converter
  • Fractional Controller
  • FOPI
  • FPAA
Otwarty dostęp

Integrated SolidWorks and Simscape platform for the design and control of an inverted pendulum system

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 122 - 126

Abstrakt

Abstract

A single inverted pendulum on a cart (SIPC) is designed and modeled physically using SolidWorks. The model is then exported to the Simulink environment to form a Simscape model for simulation and test purposes. This type of modeling uses a physical grid tactic to model mechanical structures. It requires connection of the physical elements with physical signal converter to define the implicit system dynamics to be modeled. The integration between the SolidWorks and Simscape eliminates the need of deriving the mathematical model and provides a platform for the rapid controller design for the system. State feedback control scheme is proposed, designed, and tuned aiming to maintain the pendulum in the upright place while tracking the desired cart position. Several simulation cases are studied to prove the controller abilities. In order to examine the controller robustness, disturbance rejection and noise attenuation capabilities are also discovered.

Słowa kluczowe

  • inverted pendulum on a cart
  • robust control
  • simscape modeling
  • SolidWorks
  • state feedback controller
Otwarty dostęp

Functional nano-structuring of thin silicon nitride membranes

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 127 - 130

Abstrakt

Abstract

The paper describes the development and production of a nano-optical device consisting of a nano-perforated layer of silicon nitride stretched in a single-crystal silicon frame using electron beam lithography (EBL) and reactive ion etching (RIE) techniques. Procedures for transferring nanostructures to the nitride layer are described, starting with the preparation of a metallic mask layer by physical vapor deposition (PVD), high-resolution pattern recording technique using EBL and the transfer of the motif into the functional layer using the RIE technique. Theoretical aspects are summarized including technological issues, achieved results and application potential of patterned silicon nitride membranes.

Słowa kluczowe

  • membrane
  • nano optical device
  • electron optics
  • electron beam lithography
  • silicon nitride
  • reactive ion etching
  • silicon etching
  • microfabrication
Otwarty dostęp

Cognitive solution for IoT communication technologies – emphasis on 5G

Data publikacji: 13 May 2020
Zakres stron: 131 - 137

Abstrakt

Abstract

The 5G cellular network technology, in collaboration with Internet of Things (IoT), is envisaged to connect the world together through a flawless Internet connection between devices and sensors. The things in IoT term can be of any smart devices or Internet-enabled sensors that can share information in order to perform a task collectively or individually. On the other hand, Cognitive Internet of Things plays a vital role in utilizing available spectrum for 5G networks. Addition of cognitive feature to the things can allow decision making capability, thereby reducing the overall traffic congestion and improving the efficiency of the whole IoT system. Therefore, it is of great concern to develop an intelligent network to address a few challenges such as heterogeneity and volume of devices in 5G. The aim of this article is to provide a critical review of existing IoT communication Technologies and highlight several challenges and their potential solutions associated with Cognitive IoT based 5G networks.

Słowa kluczowe

  • internet of things (IoT)
  • cognitive radio
  • 5G networks