This paper aims at an elaboration of regional governance styles on a wide European scale. Thereby it should help to dissociate from the almost infinite number of diverse contextual interpretations of governance and develop a further perspective towards a deeper analysis and comparison of regional governance phenomena. The results of this paper are based on a comparative case study analysis carried out within the framework of a research project, funded by the German Research Foundation in the years 2008–2011. The research was conducted in selected peripheral rural areas in the EU, namely Extremadura (Spain), Warminsko-Mazurskie (Poland) and Western Isles (Scotland). The overall objective was to examine the emergence, action orientations, functioning, actor constellations and legitimacy of selected LEADER actor networks.
Data publikacji: 28 Feb 2014 Zakres stron: 21 - 37
Abstrakt
Abstract
The importance of big cities and metropolises is related to the structural change in favor of the service- and knowledge economy and global economic interrelations, which generate strategic locations or nodes with control and management functions. These high-quality functions are concentrated at these nodes, which are distinct from other spatial areas. Subject of the paper is a theoretical systematization and operationalization of such metropolitan functions which based on international urban concepts and the typology of metropolitan functions—decision and control function, innovation and competition function, gateway function and symbolic function. For this purpose a database of 48 indicators is created that refers to localized functional attribute characteristics to determine the degree of Metropolität of all 439 urban counties and functional-analytical metropolitan areas. It is to be analyzed which cities have metropolitan functions, and how these developed with regard to processes of spatial concentration and functional specialization between 1995 and 2010. It is assumed that due to agglomeration economies (e.g. spatial proximity between actors or developmental edge) the "big" metropolitan areas are the winner of the processes of metropolisation.
Data publikacji: 28 Feb 2014 Zakres stron: 39 - 53
Abstrakt
Abstract
In Germany, social disparities between the rich and the poor, and the poverty risk have been continuously increasing in recent years, in particular with regard to single parents, people with low income and increasingly also the elderly. This dilemma is not only a challenge to society in general but also a huge challenge for cities and communities. In addition, the problem is intensified by a tight housing market, characterized by a lack of housing for low-income households. Morever, affordable and demand-oriented housing is becoming scarcer due to segregation and gentrification. A wide array of strategies has been developed to tackle these problems, e.g. rent control and new ways of providing public land for housing, to secure an appropriate supply of quality housing for low income households. Against this background the paper deals with two selected strategic approaches, namely cooperation of housing industry and urban development, and integrated area development. The case study of the Sonnenberg neighborhood in Chemnitz exemplarily describes options and limitations of housing supply. The results are discussed with regard to scientific debates on cooperative and socially cohesive urban development policies.
Data publikacji: 28 Feb 2014 Zakres stron: 55 - 67
Abstrakt
Abstract
In this article the point of view of users, namely parents and pupils, regarding the spatial aspects of educational planning are taken into account. In view of increased educational competition, pressure to achieve in schools and an ever broader and more sophisticated range of educational opportunities, what role do spatial aspects actually play in pupils' and their parents' attitudes to education?
Is the spatial proximity of schools actually still important, when one considers the general increase in the scope of children's activities? In an empirical study of two districts of Schleswig-Holstein the aspect of physical distance is identified as a theme in numerous respects. The objective school journey distances are examined, as well as the latent importance of the physical proximity of the place of residence to the location of the school for the educational success of the child. Also examined are the contacts between pupils and the social involvement of the parents in the school; the concrete importance of the physical proximity of the home to the school when making a decision about the choice of school location; and the home to school journey distances which are considered reasonable for the pupils. Furthermore various aspects of the choice of transport are also examined.
Finally of interest is also the research methodology question regarding what explanatory content latent attitude variables have in comparison to variables which relate to concrete decision-making situations.
This paper aims at an elaboration of regional governance styles on a wide European scale. Thereby it should help to dissociate from the almost infinite number of diverse contextual interpretations of governance and develop a further perspective towards a deeper analysis and comparison of regional governance phenomena. The results of this paper are based on a comparative case study analysis carried out within the framework of a research project, funded by the German Research Foundation in the years 2008–2011. The research was conducted in selected peripheral rural areas in the EU, namely Extremadura (Spain), Warminsko-Mazurskie (Poland) and Western Isles (Scotland). The overall objective was to examine the emergence, action orientations, functioning, actor constellations and legitimacy of selected LEADER actor networks.
The importance of big cities and metropolises is related to the structural change in favor of the service- and knowledge economy and global economic interrelations, which generate strategic locations or nodes with control and management functions. These high-quality functions are concentrated at these nodes, which are distinct from other spatial areas. Subject of the paper is a theoretical systematization and operationalization of such metropolitan functions which based on international urban concepts and the typology of metropolitan functions—decision and control function, innovation and competition function, gateway function and symbolic function. For this purpose a database of 48 indicators is created that refers to localized functional attribute characteristics to determine the degree of Metropolität of all 439 urban counties and functional-analytical metropolitan areas. It is to be analyzed which cities have metropolitan functions, and how these developed with regard to processes of spatial concentration and functional specialization between 1995 and 2010. It is assumed that due to agglomeration economies (e.g. spatial proximity between actors or developmental edge) the "big" metropolitan areas are the winner of the processes of metropolisation.
In Germany, social disparities between the rich and the poor, and the poverty risk have been continuously increasing in recent years, in particular with regard to single parents, people with low income and increasingly also the elderly. This dilemma is not only a challenge to society in general but also a huge challenge for cities and communities. In addition, the problem is intensified by a tight housing market, characterized by a lack of housing for low-income households. Morever, affordable and demand-oriented housing is becoming scarcer due to segregation and gentrification. A wide array of strategies has been developed to tackle these problems, e.g. rent control and new ways of providing public land for housing, to secure an appropriate supply of quality housing for low income households. Against this background the paper deals with two selected strategic approaches, namely cooperation of housing industry and urban development, and integrated area development. The case study of the Sonnenberg neighborhood in Chemnitz exemplarily describes options and limitations of housing supply. The results are discussed with regard to scientific debates on cooperative and socially cohesive urban development policies.
In this article the point of view of users, namely parents and pupils, regarding the spatial aspects of educational planning are taken into account. In view of increased educational competition, pressure to achieve in schools and an ever broader and more sophisticated range of educational opportunities, what role do spatial aspects actually play in pupils' and their parents' attitudes to education?
Is the spatial proximity of schools actually still important, when one considers the general increase in the scope of children's activities? In an empirical study of two districts of Schleswig-Holstein the aspect of physical distance is identified as a theme in numerous respects. The objective school journey distances are examined, as well as the latent importance of the physical proximity of the place of residence to the location of the school for the educational success of the child. Also examined are the contacts between pupils and the social involvement of the parents in the school; the concrete importance of the physical proximity of the home to the school when making a decision about the choice of school location; and the home to school journey distances which are considered reasonable for the pupils. Furthermore various aspects of the choice of transport are also examined.
Finally of interest is also the research methodology question regarding what explanatory content latent attitude variables have in comparison to variables which relate to concrete decision-making situations.