NEED FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF SEX EDUCATION CURRICULUM IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS TO PROTECT CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL ABUSE IN PAKISTAN

: Sex education for children does not imply that children are responsible for their own safety, but rather that children should be provided with protective, effective, and interactive education that builds resilience and reduces their vulnerability to sexual harm. As a result, it is critical to provide a secure atmosphere for children at school, where they spend the majority of their time. Sex education curriculum for the prevention of child sexual abuse will seek to give children the knowledge and skills needed to recognize and prevent probable sexual abuse scenarios. The primary school sex education curriculum will be founded on the ideology of empowering children and the concept that care is an integral aspect of child care and protection. The Ministry of Education should determine the need for sex education in primary schools to prevent sexual abuse of children, support it, and include it in the curriculum. This curriculum’s purpose should be to build and maintain a proactive environment that protects children by preventing sexual abuse or assuring early detection, intervention, and reporting.


Introduction
A child's knowledge of the world around him expands as he matures.Teaching children how to identify, avoid, and disclose sexual abuse is a crucial part of preventing sexual abuse of children.Parents have a responsibility to safeguard their children by keeping a close eye on them and encouraging their participation in important decisions.Parents rarely take part in research or engage in prevention education, despite growing proof of their involvement in lowering children's vulnerability to sexual abuse (Rudolph, Zimmer-Gembeck & Shanley, 2018).Sex education needs to incorporate the results and ideas of contemporary research to improve its legitimacy as a topic taught in classrooms.In order to learn effectively, 52 students must actively participate in class.They are stimulated to talk about the material, and they are prompted to examine it analytically in order to gain a fuller comprehension of it.Sexuality instruction needs to follow the same model.Sex education encompasses competencies in areas such as bodily maturation, individuality, body image, societal norms, and emotional expression (Butler, Sorace & Beach, 2018) Children can benefit greatly from a well-rounded education that includes sexuality.Additionally, it aids in the development of children's sense of self-worth and self-assurance.A person of any skill level can benefit from this because it fosters positive character traits like self-control and consideration for others.Planning a sex education curriculum requires careful consideration.To create a sex education curriculum, one should follow the same steps one would take when creating a curriculum for any other topic taught in classrooms.Sex education is similar to other topics in that it exists on a spectrum.There needs to be a gradual buildup of complexity in the learning environment for students of varying ages to really take in the material.As a child grows and learns, so too should the way information is presented to them.There are numerous reasons why it's crucial to work toward eliminating all forms of child abuse, not only sexual ones but also physical and mental ones.Second, avoiding child abuse might break the cycle of violence that happens when victims grow up to hurt others.In addition to exposing the need for more programs that concentrate on the prevention of mental and physical abuse, schools may be an important tool for preventing and intervening in child sexual abuse (Schneider, Hirsch, 2020).The prevention of sexual assault against children requires a multifaceted approach, one of which should be sex education for children.

Sex Education
Humans are sexual beings.It is inevitable that children have a right to get accurate, trustworthy information about it based on sound science.Sex education in schools, however, is a touchy subject.Despite mounting evidence that teaching all students about sexuality is beneficial for both students and society as a whole, there is increased pushback against making such lessons mandatory in schools.This objection is sometimes a microcosm of a larger opposition to the human rights of certain groups, such as women, and even children themselves, on the grounds that doing so would pose a challenge to established religious and cultural norms.The goal of early childhood sex education is to arm young children with an abundance of knowledge about all aspects of healthy sexuality.In early infancy, children are taught the importance of taking care of their bodies and how to keep their systems pure and healthy.The goal of early childhood sex education is to arm young children with an abundance of knowledge about all aspects of healthy

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sexuality.In early infancy, children are taught the importance of taking care of their bodies and how to keep their systems pure and healthy (Ratnasari, Alias, 2016).Learning about the basic structure of the body and how to take care of and value one's own body from a young age is a big part of a well-rounded sex education.Consequently, they are aware of the many ways in which children's bodies can be harmed, and they have learned to take precautions.Sex education encompasses not only a discussion of the innate distinctions between the sexes but also their physiological, psychological, and ethical implications.Adequate sex education will unquestionably aid children in comprehending the foundations of human rights (Anggraini, Riswandi &Sofia, 2017).The sex education that children get at this age is crucial.The goal is to lessen the number of incidences and threats of sexual assault and harassment.The family, including parents, teachers, and the government and state, is responsible for educating children about sexuality.Sex education may help children cope with sexual assault by teaching them to take care of and respect their bodies.The process and terminology used in a child's sex education should be tailored to their individual developmental stage.Tools for sex education also include teaching kids how to use the bathroom appropriately for their gender, how to interact with one other based on their sexuality, what types of contact are suitable and what are not, and what each part of the body does.Teachers may give sex education in schools by using a childand teacher-centered learning model and integrated theme learning strategies to educate students about sexuality and how to respond to situations involving sexual assault or threats.storytelling techniques, Q&A sessions, group activities (such as playing, sketching, or watching), and supplementary learning resources (Anggraini, Riswandi & Sofia, 2017).Sexual assault against children is a developing problem that may be mitigated by providing early and ongoing sex education.The nation's future depends on its children, and this may reduce their quality of life.An excellent future may be greatly enhanced by starting school early.It is unfortunate that sex education and guidance for children are still stigmatized since it will affect everyone involved.

Importance of Sex Education
Sex education is essential because it equips students with the tools they need to conduct independent research into and critical evaluation of a wide range of perspectives on human sexuality.It also helps them cultivate and articulate a sense of personal agency in their own sexual relationships.They help people behave well in intimate interactions.(Hildie, Daniel, Edvina & Esther, 2019).The purpose of sex education is to equip children with factual knowledge about sexuality so that they may form and articulate their own personal values, attitudes, and beliefs about sexuality, and so that they may build healthy relationships, hone their interpersonal skills, and assume greater personal accountability.related to sexual behavior not engaging in sexual activity, feeling pressured to start sexual activity before one is ready, and not using contraception or other sexual health measures.In addition to learning about sexuality, children can also learn how to investigate, examine, and assess their own perspectives, beliefs, and ideas in this area.Children can learn about and develop their own beliefs and self-esteem, learn about and develop healthy interactions with people of both sexes and learn about and develop their social duty through sex education.Communication, decision-making, self-confidence, coping with criticism from peers, and the ability to form fulfilling relationships are all aided by sexuality instruction for children.That is why it is important to give children a chance to learn about and practice maturity in intimate interactions; it helps them grow into responsible adults.In order to help children to develop their life skills they will need to adjust to sexuality-related obstacles as they arise, sex education can provide them with correct, age-appropriate, and culturally pertinent information.Sex education has many common goals, such as fostering an understanding of sex and the law, the nature of sexual abuse and what to do about it, the exploration and clarification of feelings, values, and attitudes, and/or the development of self-esteem and a sense of body pride, and increasing young people's knowledge and attitudes about sexual and reproductive health and behavior (Irsyad, 2019).Comprehensive sex education helps prevent unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, school dropouts, and early marriages by arming children with the knowledge and skills they need to protect themselves from sexual abuse and assault by wealthy adult men.These men often prey on poor young girls who are unable to defend themselves against their abuse.To teach and educate about the cognitive, emotional, physical, and social aspects of sex, as UNESCO put it, is one of the goals of sex education.Its goal is to help children realize their health, well-being, and dignity; develop respectful social and sexual relationships; reflect on how their choices affect their own and others' wellbeing; and ensure that their rights are understood and protected throughout their lives.The ease with which today's children may get information makes it all the more imperative that schools include sex education in their curriculum (UNESCO, 2018).It's important to remember that school-based sex education is meant to supplement, not replace, conversations between parents and their children.But families cannot keep it a secret forever.What other scientific discipline do we trust the exclusive instruction of our children to the Internet and families?Respect for variety and a lack of aggression against others may be fostered together with the dissemination of accurate information about sexuality via universal education programs.When sex education is all-encompassing, its advantages go well beyond just disclosing facts 55 about potential dangers to one's reproductive and sexual health.Sex education is crucial for addressing and preventing sexual abuse, sexual assault, and other forms of sexual violence against minors.Educating children about sexuality and gender identity in a way that is neutral and informative is beneficial.This may make schools safer for all students and promote acceptance of those of all sexual orientations and gender identities.Inclusive sex education may save lives by dispelling myths and misunderstandings regarding sexual orientation and gender identity as normal parts of human development.This may make schools and communities more welcoming places for people of all sexual orientations and gender identities.

School-based Sex Education Programs for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse
The right to quality and inclusive education, which includes human rights education, underpins the right to receive sex education, as do the rights to a life free from violence and discrimination and the highest attainable standard of mental and physical health.According to the idea of the interdependence and indivisibility of human rights, sex education must be seen as a right in its own right and clearly related to other rights.The purpose of sex education is twofold: first, to instill reasonable and healthy perspectives on sex and family life; and second, to foster the formation of desirable routines, patterns, and behaviors in line with these perspectives.Third, learn about the human body and how it functions in the context of a household.The fourth goal is to clarify and alleviate some frequent worries and misconceptions about gender norms.The fifth goal is to help the person develop emotionally and socially, so he can do well in his roles as a part of society, a family member, and eventually a father.Learning about and preparing for sexuality should be seen as a normal part of growing up; second, it should focus on the social, psychological, moral, and In Pakistan, sex instruction is scarce at best, and often frowned upon.However, the common belief that sex education should start when kids hit adolescence is not completely accurate.Many teens are "interested" in safe sex education and are wellversed in the topic, as evidenced by early marriage, sexual deviance in adolescence, and the frequency of adolescent downloads of explicit videos occurring before puberty.Even if we start early, we cannot stop the many forms of sexual deviance that manifest in infancy and lead to crime.Because of the prevalence of sexual offenses against children, it is critical that children receive sexual education from a young age so that they can learn to advocate for themselves and avoid becoming victims (Roqib, 2008) Sexual pestering, sexual perversion, and mistreatment of children by peers or relatives are all serious problems (Ali, 2018).That's because children, whether they're the victims or the offenders, generally have a naive view of sexuality.Support from parents and teachers is necessary for early sex education to be effective; otherwise, children may grow up with a distorted view of sexuality that could lead to negative consequences down the road.Children will be better equipped to care for themselves if they receive solid sex instruction from an early age.Programs taught in schools will be designed to help children learn to spot and avoid sexually violent circumstances.children learn how to vocally and physically reject sexual advances, and they know how to get assistance when they've been abused or are being abused.The idea behind this is that kids will apply what they learn in school to real-world scenarios.The processes rely on social cognitive learning theories, which emphasize the social context of learning through methods like modeling, practice, and feedback of the desired behaviors, as well as other classroom teaching principles.

Sex Education Curriculum
Obviously, a curriculum section that can serve as a point of reference for educational tasks is necessary when teaching sex education in classrooms.The information given to the children should fit naturally into the topics they are learning about in school, so it's important to do this right.Beginning a child's early exposure to sex education with an explanation of the human body, a review of the various techniques used to reproduce both humans and animals and an invitation to sanitize their genitalia after using the restroom are all good places to start.This information also pertains to the following themes; the child's appearance and the garments he/she wears, the child's loved ones and the community in which the child lives and the best practices for maintaining a healthy body.The information presented here is appropriate for children and can be readily absorbed by them.In sex education resources for early development, this can be achieved through a child-centered learning strategy (Lesley, Lori, 2014).Of course, the approach taken in the classroom needs to be engaging, with an interwoven subject using various methods like talking, asking, sketching, performing, music, writing, and viewing instructional films.To avoid putting undue stress on the child, it is important that instructional materials be tailored to the child's specific growth needs.Children need age-appropriate, nonthreatening sexual education materials, such as a multi-volume set that covers topics such as: learning the anatomy of the body and explaining the differences and differences, learning the toilet to maintain cleanliness after defecation, introducing the simple human reproductive organ; and maintaining personal hygiene.Naturally, this content should be given to children in their language and bolstered by a variety of instructional tools to facilitate a seamless learning experience.The sex education program part will be an invaluable resource for instructors.Children's curiosity about puberty, menstruation, moist dreams, sexual activity, and conception should signal the start of official conversations about these topics.The material presented by the instructor must be as concrete and factual as feasible.As a bonus, the teacher can also discuss the importance of open dialogue and romantic affection in establishing and maintaining healthy bonds between people.So that the child does not come to believe that these difficulties are the norm rather than the exception, the teacher must use this opportunity to dispel unpleasant and possibly frightening misinformation and give a balanced view (Francis, 2012).A teacher's responsibilities in the realm of sex education in the classroom are to help the child feel confident and capable of handling the mental and physical shifts that come with puberty, to disseminate truthful data and allay concerns about sexuality in humans, in order to help the child cope with the inevitable social upheaval that will accompany these developments and to encourage positive sexual attitudes.Children may be equipped to safeguard their health, well-being, and dignity via access to sex education that is grounded in science while also being culturally relevant, ageappropriate, gender-specific, and focused on the development of essential life skills.The majority of a person's formative years are spent in school, so it's only fair that 58 they are equipped with the knowledge and tools they'll need to manage their own sexual and reproductive health as adults (Kamara, Haja, 2020).Sex education may be utilized to promote gender equality and empower children by helping them understand how power and privilege shape the cultural context in which they are able to make choices about their bodies, and so, sex education is a human right.

Model Sex Education Curriculum
The development of a person's sexuality begins at birth.The child is unconsciously given information about human sexuality.Although there would be very little information about the vagaries of sex, certain attitudes would begin to form.A child develops an attitude towards masculinity and femininity, relationships with parents, relatives, other individuals and people with whom he regularly communicates, generally based on experiences with the closest people, if negative attitudes are formed, then the child has difficulties.adaptation to conflicts that arise in later stages, especially in adolescence.Gender mainstreaming is the initial stage of sex education, with the goal of helping children recognize and accept their own gender identities and those of others.Sexual education for children is conceived of in a different way than it is for adults.When teaching children about sexuality, it is important to focus on what they already know and understand (Wilma, Nurhafizah, 2022).Children learn early on where the boundaries are for physical contact with others.Children are also instructed on the need of preserving the gender-specific genital space that they were born into.You and I are the only ones, my friends and I, or the things I wear may all be used as springboards into discussions on sex education for children.

i. Pre-School Level Sex Education Curriculum a. Goals
The objectives of sex education at the preschool level are to understand that there is a difference between boys and girls, encourage children to raise doubts related to personal life, develop positive feelings for parents and other close people, and develop attitudes of love and sharing and decent behavior.

b. Content
Although no specific content is required at this stage, parents and educators must be aware of how they respond to children.Children who question their sexuality should not be made fun of or chastised.If a child expresses uncertainty in front of other children, an adult should clarify the situation so that everyone can follow along.It is not uncommon for kids to feel bad about their family members and the people closest to them.Then they feel like one of those individuals takes away some of the safety, affection, and care they receive.Parents and educators may benefit from some direction in these areas.

Steps to Improve Sex Education Curriculum in Pakistan
A good education should include thorough sex education.Therefore, it must be mandated by legislation and incorporated into the whole educational system from the very beginning.Many people who disagree with teaching children about sexuality insist on protecting parents' freedom of choice.However, when relevant material is provided objectively and impartially, parents do not have the right to remove their children from sex education in accordance with international human rights norms on the right to freedom of religion or belief.It is important to tailor a child's educational experience to his or her unique developmental needs and talents at each stage of growth.Teaching children about sexuality should be grounded on evidence and respect for human rights.There should be no moralizing or stereotyping in sex education.That all students should have access to sexual and reproductive health education on an equal basis, and that such instruction must not be used to reinforce harmful stereotypes or perpetuate harmful stigmas that play a role in the marginalization of certain groups and, by extension, the denial of their human dignity.Curriculum for sex education should be reviewed and updated on a regular basis to make sure they are up-to-date and effective.The advantages of sex education should be explained to adults as well as children, and accurate information regarding the program's effects should be provided to families.It's obvious that taking into consideration the cultural and religious background of communities and parents is crucial for the adoption and implementation of sex education.Therefore, schools should be encouraged to contact them and their opinions should be taken into consideration, including those of religious leaders when appropriate, so long as doing so does not compromise the goals of sex education, the best interests of the child, or human rights norms.Finally, whether or not any of the teachings are done by outside parties, it is crucial that instructors obtain the specific training and support to teach universal sexuality education.The best method to guarantee that all educators are appropriately prepared is to include sexual education training in standard teacher preparation.Also, it's important to keep a close eye on and assess how schools are handling sex education.

Conclusions
Children's perception of themselves as being harmed by adults' knowledge, particularly in sexual topics, lends credence to the belief that they need to be protected from the damage that may result from adult knowledge.All children need the tools to take care of themselves and improve their chances of developing healthy bodies, minds, and communities.Preventing sexual abuse is a major focus of many of the models used to teach about sex to primary school students, but some research suggests that children may not remember what they learn if they only hear good things about relationships and feelings.Teachers who had previously taken a course on sexual development in children are more willing to include discussions of sexuality in the classroom, whereas those who had not reported feeling uneasy about doing so.Educators should plan lessons around topics like body parts and sex roles to help students develop healthy sexuality.The implementation of sexual education in schools requires initiative on the part of school administration and governing bodies.Lessons are only one example of an organizational institution that has to be updated, along with strong programs and regulations for properly educating teachers.Worksheets and other training and learning materials should be straightforward to use in order to inspire instructors.Educators' buy-in and enthusiasm are crucial to the success of any sex education initiative.The advantages of sex education, as well as the efficacy of diverse teaching approaches, should be brought to the attention of educators.They need the backing of the committee and the school board as well.More than one educator working together can accomplish this.This will help them out as individuals and as a group; educators should be proud of their roles as sex educators rather than mock them.In other words, policymakers should prioritize teacher capacity development through training sessions and seminars, and only then can the classroom environment be optimized for learning.The above model curriculum is only a template.The specifics need to be worked out in light of the school's unique requirements and the existing curriculum.It is important to be accurate when discussing sexuality with young people and adolescents.Though morality is essential, being too moral might have unintended negative consequences.There has to be a middle ground between facts and morality.Getting children to value their sexuality should be priority number one.A mediator in sex education must do it with compassion and empathy.The overall effect is constructive, rather than destructive.All primary school students must now participate in daily sex education classes.The core of the entire curriculum and trained supervision should be designed to, on the one hand, reduce unusual sexual behavior and problem behavior, and on the other hand, speed up parental acceptance.In the end, it is up to society, families, and schools to teach children about sexuality.In order for children to feel secure and protected while reporting abuse, these components should be employed consistently throughout all age groups.The rate of sexual assault is predicted to drop as a result of this.It's time for a more scientific approach to sex education to begin at the primary school level; educators at all levels, especially those working with young children, need to stay up with the latest research and best practices.In conclusion, it is the collective duty of parents, teachers, and communities to provide children with age-appropriate sex instruction.For children to feel secure and protected in coming forward with abuse reports, these elements should be incorporated into continuing work with each age group.Sexual assault will be less common as a result of this.Research is necessary because of the gravity of sexual abuse and the damage it causes to children's lives.
Children and young people have a right to sex education that meets current international standards for its breadth, accuracy, scientific credibility, and cultural sensitivity.Convention on the Rights of the Child; Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women; International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights; European Social Charter; and the aforementioned cited Conventions on Lanzarote and Istanbul.Child-centered education, respect for and empowerment of children, and pedagogy that values cooperation and participation are all emphasized in the committee's No. 1 (2001) report on the purposes of education.Considerations in the design of the learning environment, with an emphasis on experiential learning, peer collaboration and empowerment, and boundary tests, are crucial to the development and maintenance of young people's full potential in school (General Comment No. 20, 2016).
Ali, M.I.. (2023) Need for Implementation of Sex Education Curriculum in Primary Schools to Protect Children from Sexual Abuse in Pakistan Journal of Legal Studies Volume 31 Issue 45/2023 ISSN 2457-9017; Online ISSN 2392-7054.Web: publicatii.uvvg.ro/index.php/jls.Pages 51 -65 56 biochemical elements of sexuality; and third, it should be an ongoing process.By the time adolescence rolls around, students should have received effective sex education.Sex education should be advanced to explore more sexual subjects in mixed groups.Sex education should take into account and cater to students' unique characteristics and circumstances.Sex education should not be treated as a separate topic, but rather woven into the fabric of the curriculum and extracurricular activities of each school.A moral, unbiased, and objective approach to sex education is preferred (Setiawan, Adriany & Setiasih, 2020).Disease and immorality should be discussed, but not emphasized.Parental involvement enhances sex education in classrooms.
Need for Implementation of Sex Education Curriculum in Primary Schools to Protect Children from Sexual Abuse in Pakistan Journal of Legal Studies Volume 31 Issue 45/2023 ISSN 2457-9017; Online ISSN 2392-7054.Web: publicatii.uvvg.ro/index.php/jls.Pages 51 -65 57 Need for Implementation of Sex Education Curriculum in Primary Schools to Protect Children from Sexual Abuse in Pakistan Journal of Legal Studies Volume 31 Issue 45/2023 ISSN 2457-9017; Online ISSN 2392-7054.Web: publicatii.uvvg.ro/index.php/jls.Pages 51 -65 62 Need for Implementation of Sex Education Curriculum in Primary Schools to Protect Children from Sexual Abuse in Pakistan Journal of Legal Studies Volume 31 Issue 45/2023 ISSN 2457-9017; Online ISSN 2392-7054.Web: publicatii.uvvg.ro/index.php/jls.Pages 51 -65 63 Need for Implementation of Sex Education Curriculum in Primary Schools to Protect Children from Sexual Abuse in Pakistan Journal of Legal Studies Volume 31 Issue 45/2023 ISSN 2457-9017; Online ISSN 2392-7054.Web: publicatii.uvvg.ro/index.php/jls.Pages 51 -65 64

Ali, M.I.. (2023)
Need for Implementation of Sex Education Curriculum in Primary Schools to Protect Children from Sexual Abuse in Pakistan Journal of Legal Studies Volume 31 Issue 45/2023 ISSN 2457-9017; Online ISSN 2392-7054.