The development model of marine science and technology innovation under the background of regional integration in the Yangtze River Delta in the new era

In the wave of regional integration of the Yangtze River Delta, there are many geographical and institutional problems and asymmetries in knowledge and cultural systems in the regions, resulting in less efficient development, which creates many uncontrollable factors for integration and hinders it. Based on the entropy value method - three stage DEA model, firstly, We first measured the comprehensive evaluation index of each region's development using the entropy method and assessed the marine economy of 11 regions in the Yangtze River Delta, we excluded some factors and random disturbances to calculate the innovation efficiency of marine science and technology (hereinafter referred to as IEMST) in China's Yangtze River Delta region from 2010 to 2020. The results indicate that the overall level of IEMST is low in the 11 regions and is strongly influenced by regional differences. IEMST scale efficiency is too low to limit the improvement of China's IEMST, we have to improve IEMST, through unified planning, adjustment, configuration of regional some factors, the establishment of a new model of IEMST development, further development of China's marine science and technology, for China to form an innovation-driven development of science and technology to promote the great power of the sea has a positive impact, to promote the implementation of the marine power strategy.


Introduction
The gross marine product of China has exceeded RMB 90 000 billion, accounting for 8.0% of the national economic growth.The value added of the marine tertiary sector is RMB 55,635 billion, representing a large share of the gross marine product [1][2][3].The Yangtze River Delta region is one of the benchmark regions for innovation-driven development in China.The outstanding problems in the development of marine science and technology in China mainly include the lack of overall deployment, insufficient innovation drive and low transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements [4][5].Since 2017, as the marine economy has entered a stage of transformation and development, the growth rate of the marine economy has declined significantly, and the growth rate in terms of investment in scientific research, personnel investment and patent achievements has also declined significantly compared with the past [6][7].However, compared with the overall national level, the vitality of science and technology innovation in the marine sector remains strong, with the average annual compound growth rate of patents granted for inventions from 2017 to 2021 being 8.01 percentage points higher than the overall national level [8][9].A survey points out that the basic establishment of the integrated development system of science and innovation industries and the basic formation of the regional collaborative innovation system will be achieved by 2025.
There are abundant research results related to IEMST by domestic or foreign researchers.Zeyringer's study argues that technological change is important for the marine low-carbon energy transition [10].From the analysis of previous literature, most of the studies on regional integration conducted by foreign academics revolve around developed countries in Europe and the United States, and fewer involve Asian countries or regions, but there has been a change in recent years.In terms of research methodology, the mainstream analytical model is based on theoretical derivation plus data testing with core ideas.Kali views the global trading system as an interdependent trade network, and the study proposes network-based measures of regional economic integration [11].Andal used network analysis to map the trade flows associated with the Asia-Pacific region, and he used appropriate centrality metric to determine the corresponding intensity and to analyze the centrality of ASEAN [12].
Many domestic experts and scholars have conducted in-depth research and analysis around the theme of the efficiency of IEMST, and have produced numerous research results [13][14][15][16][17].By measuring the IEMST, a combination of different mathematical and theoretical models has been applied to achieve better measurement results.The literature [18] calculated the efficiency of China's marine science and technology inputs and related outputs based on the data envelopment analysis method to promote the optimal allocation of China's science and technology resources.Literature [19] combined with DEA method to obtain the contribution rate of China's marine science and technology progress, and applied Malmquist index to study its change pattern.In terms of science and technology innovation, domestic scholars focus on comparing different regions in China to analyze the regional differences of IEMST in each region [20][21][22][23].The literature [24] applied the innovation value chain theory to the analysis of the IEMST process, comparing the IEMST of 11 coastal regions in China.according to the evolution of IEMST, analyze its fluctuation characteristics and predict the evolution.
In summary, there are many research results on regional integration and IEMST in China, including mathematical use and theoretical models to measure efficiency, regional comparisons of efficiency, analysis of efficiency evolution trends, etc., and more mature research conclusions have been reached.However, the existing results focus on efficiency measurement, and not many involve efficiency influencing factors.Some of the literature only obtains efficiency influencing factors based on inputoutput models, We have also given little consideration to the impact of firms' technological R&D on efficiency in our study of influencing factors Therefore, we first measured the comprehensive evaluation index of each region's development using the entropy method, assessed the marine economy of 11 regions in the Yangtze River Delta, excluded some factors and random disturbances, and calculated the 2010-2020 IEMST, Based on the results we propose a new model for the development of new technologies, and under the role of market mechanism as the leading force, government mechanism guidance and social mechanism participation, the regional innovation system and specialized production are realized on the basis of reasonable resource allocation, smooth flow of factors and outstanding innovation capacity, and a scientific and efficient industrial integration layout is formed.

Environment variables
Firstly, we obtained the results of the first stage DEA's IEMST measure, taking the slack variables of the 11 regional input variables in the Yangtze River Delta as the explanatory variables and selecting four environmental variables as explanatory variables as environmental factors affecting IEMST in the Yangtze River Delta region of China.The selection of relevant environmental variables is shown in Figure 1.

Influencing factors
We need analyze the factors influencing the IEMST in 11 cities about the Yangtze River Delta region from multiple perspectives.The government acts as a supporter and strongly supports activities such as cultural and scientific innovation in the country.Financial support from local government is particularly important for science and technology innovation as it requires large amounts of capital, which is difficult for private financial capital to bear in its entirety, while the local government supports local science and technology development with local fiscal expenditure and government capital investment.The specific indicators are constructed as shown in Table 1.

Degree of regional economic openness
Development level of regional marine economy Regional emphasis on scientific and technological innovation Regional marine science and technology innovation atmosphere

Marine science and technology input slack variable
The proportion of total regional imports and exports to GDP Interpreted variable Regional per capita gross marine economic product Government expenditure on science and technology accounts for a proportion of general budget expenditure The proportion of regional marine science and technology institutions in the national total evaluation index Index definition The difference of marine science and technology investment in ineffective decision -making units The proportion of senior professional title personnel to professional personnel

Comprehensive evaluation indicator measurement
Firstly, by measuring the comprehensive evaluation index of each region's development using the entropy method and assessed the marine economy of 11 regions in the Yangtze River Delta.The following steps are obtained The first step: standardize original data for the relevant indicators, as the units of measurement for the indicators are not uniform.
Positive indicators: ( Where represents individual indicators, represents individual indicators after normalization.
Negative indicators: (2) In the second step, the indicators are dimensionless: (3) Where represents the result of the dimensionless treatment of each indicator.
In the third step, we calculate the entropy of each relevant indicator: (4) In the fourth step, the redundancy of the entropy values is calculated. ( In the fifth step, the weights for each indicator are calculated. ( Where i denotes a region and j denotes a measure. is each indicator's entropy value, is entropy value's redundancy, is about each indicator's weight.The final marine economic index is between 0 and 1, leading to the relevant conclusion that the level of marine economic growth and the index are positively correlated, and that if the index is higher, the level of growth is better.
As shown in Figure 2, statistics from 2010 to 2020 were used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of the quality development of the Yangtze River Delta region's marine economy using the entropy method and the weighted average method.Figure 2 shows that from 2010 to 2020, the overall level of marine economic development in the Yangtze River Delta region of China has shown an upward trend, indicating that China's marine economy is constantly developing in a good direction.The variable input-oriented BC2 model with payoffs of scale is chosen, and the equation of the BC2 model after the introduction of Archimedean infinitesimals ε, input relative slack variable s-, and output relative slack variable s+ is as follows： The BC2 model is able to calculate a combined efficiency value TE, which can be further decomposed into SE and PTE for the decision unit, respectively.SE is a scale efficiency value and PTE is a pure technical efficiency value. ( If both TE and PTE are equal to 1, then DEA is valid; if only one is 1, then it is in weak DEA; if neither is 1, then it is non-DEA valid.

Stage 2: using the SFA model to analyze factors
The environmental variables affect the DEA results and are therefore analyzed using the SFA model to exclude environmental factors by using the individual slack factors measured by DEA as explanatory factors and the individual environmental factors as explanatory factors. ( Suppose the decision cell has m input slack variables, i = 1, 2, 3, ... , m; j = 1, 2, 3, ... , m; j = 1, 2, 3, ... , n; Sij denotes the ith input slack for the jth decision cell, β denotes the coefficient on the environmental zj variable, denotes the effect of environmental factors on input redundancy, Vij and Uij denote the mixing error. ( ) Based on the results of the calculations, Fried's adjustment method was used, with the following formula: Where indicates the adjusted input quantity, Xij indicates original input quantity, XA indicates an adjustment to an environment variable ， XB indicates the random error is removed.With the adjustment, all decision units will face the same situation.
According to Kumbhakarh's findings, the formula for estimating the management inefficiency of the DEA model should be (16) In equation ( 16)， ， is a density function conforming to the standard normal distribution, is a distribution function that conforms to the standard normal distribution.

Stage 3: adjusting the results through the DEA model
In the second stage of the SFA model, after removing the influence of environmental variables, the adjusted inputs and raw output data will be derived, which will be substituted into the first stage of the DEA model to re-measure the input-output efficiency, reflecting more objectively the operation of each decision unit and obtaining the actual efficiency level of each decision unit.

Phase 1: DEA efficiency measurement results and analysis
From the DEAP2.1 software, the average value of marine innovation efficiency and its decomposition into pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency for the 11 regions of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China is shown in Figure 3 for the period 2010-2021.The average of IEMST of Nanjing, Suzhou, Shanghai, Ningbo, Taizhou and Hefei exceeds 0.9, indicating that the above-mentioned regions are in a more balanced state in terms of IEMST input and output, and the allocation of marine science and technology resources is reasonable.The IEMSTs of the other five regions are all lower than the national average, indicating that the effect of marine science and technology innovation inputs and outputs in the aforementioned regions is not obvious.and marine science and technologyrelated resources need to be optimally allocated.By comparing pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, it can be found that the overall level of IEMST in the 11 regions of China's YRD is high, all above 0.8, while pure technical efficiency is no greater than scale efficiency.  2 shows the SFA model's relevant regression results.To eliminate the influence of environmental factors, the IEMST input variables were adjusted according to the results of SFA model regression.Using adjusted inputs and former output data, the BC2 model was used for measurement.We can see the adjusted IEMST from Figure 4. Using the data to compare the adjusted and pre-adjusted measures, we find that the overall IEMST average has decreased, there is a significant decrease in the overall scale efficiency average, and the overall pure technical efficiency average remains largely unchanged.This suggests that the low IEMST is due to low scale efficiency.

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In conclusion, from 2010 to 2020, the IEMST in the 11 regions of the YRD in China showed a fluctuating upward trend, and better development results were achieved in the field of IEMST.Some coastal areas maintain a high level of IEMST, while individual areas have obvious shortcomings, but overall China's IEMST has great development potential and room for development.The realization and development of regional integration in the new era should be based on a holistic perspective, breaking the administrative planning boundaries of regional subjects, integrating their economic factors and resource advantages, and carrying out unified planning, adjustment and allocation of all factors in the region, so as to better play a spatial role, reduce overall economic development costs and enhance sustainable development, therefore, the establishment of a set of reasonable and effective regional integration innovative development mechanism in order to ensure that regional organizations give full play to their functions in the process of social and economic operation.In terms of the driving force of economic development, the regional integration innovation mechanism is the result of the joint action of multiple parties, of which the three most important driving mechanisms are government mechanism, market mechanism and social mechanism.Figure 5 illustrates the three major driving mechanisms for the comprehensive innovation development of the YRD region.

Government mechanisms
Regional integration is both an inevitable result of the laws of economic development and a result of the joint efforts of regional actors driven by government mechanisms.In the process of promoting regional integration, the central government's main role is to plan and deploy the strategic positioning, basic principles, development goals and policy guidelines of the entire region, and to guide and coordinate the economic development of the regions, while local governments at all levels should adjust and formulate specific economic development programs in the light of the actual local development situation and, under the Under the leadership of the central government, they should form effective linkages with other regions.The government, as the representative of safeguarding regional public interests, regulates and intervenes in socio-economic development by participating in the organization and management of public affairs.The government should improve the marine management system and enhance the capacity of marine management and the use of marine elements.Accelerate the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data with ocean management, and actively apply the results of scientific and technological innovation to the ocean management process.Improve the centralized processing platform for ocean management affairs, improve the standards of "management and service" in ocean-related affairs, simplify the approval process, improve the efficiency of processing ocean affairs, and enhance the level of comprehensive ocean management.Build an innovative service platform for marine technology, improving service and enhance service quality.

Market mechanisms
Market mechanism is the process of using price fluctuations, supply and demand, risk regulation and other regulatory mechanisms to realize the functions of resource allocation, factor flow and structural optimization under the conditions of normal operation of the market economy, in order to pursue the maximization of economic interests.Therefore, the market mechanism has the following three roles in regional integration: firstly, strengthen regional industrial ties, improve efficiency of resource utilization and save agglomeration costs; secondly, promoting factor flow, driving surrounding economic development and spreading economic effects; thirdly, refining industrial division of labor, optimizing production methods and improving spatial structure.Promote the beneficial flow of marine resources through market regulation mechanisms and optimize the efficiency of marine resource allocation.Break down industry barriers, smooth the free flow mechanism of marine resource elements, establish an open data management system, and realize the sharing of marine data across regions, departments and industries.

Social mechanisms
The role of social mechanisms is mainly reflected in the function of the public, industry associations and non-profit organizations to participate in major decisions, transmit market information and coordinate the interests of all parties.In integrated regional development, social mechanisms are lowcost and highly effective, and are an important force in maintaining the order of regional development in addition to governmental and market mechanisms.On the one hand, social mechanisms can monitor the regional development policies formulated and implemented by the government and safeguard the economic interests of the relevant enterprises; on the other hand, social mechanisms coordinate the interests and conflicts of all cross-regional economic agents with a more impartial and objective perspective, ensuring that the market is always in a state of healthy competition.Build a closer inter-industry cooperation mechanism, make full use of inter-industry linkage channels to promote the full flow of marine science and innovation talents, marine resources and energy, marine data and marine capital, strengthen the complementary advantages and exchange and cooperation of various industries, give full play to the radiation-driven role of leading industries in marine technology efficiency, narrow the gap in the efficiency of science and technology innovation between industries, and improve allocation efficiency of marine resources.

Conclusion
This paper firstly briefly analyzes and discusses the relevant research results on IEMST and marine industry structure upgrading, analyses the background of marine regional integration, and then measures the comprehensive evaluation index of high-quality development of marine economy in 11 regions based on the entropy value method -three-stage DEA model, and then by eliminating environmental factors and random interference, Compare the input variable before and after adjusting to get the reason for the low IEMST.In view of the above analysis, through the three most important driving mechanisms (government mechanism, market mechanism and social mechanism), a set of reasonable and effective regional integrated innovation development mechanism is established to improve the efficiency of IEMST, unify the planning, adjustment and allocation of all factors in the region, establish a new model of IEMST development, further develop the cause of marine science and technology in China, and form an innovation-driven development for China It will have a positive impact on the formation of a long-term mechanism for the innovation-driven development of science and technology in China, and promote the implementation of the strategy of strengthening the country by the sea.

Figure 2 . 1 :
Figure 2. Comprehensive evaluation index of high-quality development of marine economy in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China

Figure 5 .
Figure5.Three driving mechanisms of regional integration and cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta

Table 1 .
Relative Impact index of IEMST

Table 2 .
Regression results of SFA model