Mathematical Differential Equation in Calculating the Strength of Building Beam Structure Impact Resistance

This paper establishes a numerical simulation model of the impact resistance of building beam structures by using differential equations. The model fully considers the bolt preload, contact, large nonlinear deformation, and strain rate effect of the building beam structure. The paper establishes and deduces the calculation formulas of the impact force and the lateral displacement of the beam. The study found that under the impact load of the same strength, the failure form of the building beam structure is serious at the assembly point. The local macro/microsimulation results agree with the experimental results. The paper's results verify the rationality and effectiveness of the numerical method in this paper.


Introduction
The elastic impact of structures dates back to the early twentieth century.Some scholars have established a nonlinear integral equation for the simply supported beam problem with the impact of the center of the steel ball.They solved it using piecewise numerical quadrature.Later, many researchers did more in-depth research on this issue.But these studies are based on the Hertz contact theory [1].It does not represent all real contact processes between objects, nor can it reflect the propagation process of waves when objects collide with each other.Another direct mode superposition method (DMSM) has solved elastic collision problems in recent years.It regards the structural elastic impact problem as the initial value problem of the vibration of the impacting structural system.This can simplify complex collision problems [2].This method can be used to analyze the collision problem of translational structures and analyze various elastic locking problems of the mechanism.Some scholars have obtained analytical solutions to the problem of mid-span lateral collision between particles and rods, respectively, and simply supported beams.They discussed the dynamic response characteristics of the collision problem employing the numerical analysis method and analyzed the convergence of the impact load.Some scholars have expanded the study's scope of application to discuss the impact force's change at any position on the beam with the impact point.Since a particle impacts the beam for a very short time, it is important to understand its transient deformation and stress variation.The vibration solution is difficult to obtain satisfactory results due to its wide frequency band.So this paper adopts the integral transformation method to solve [3].This paper expands the scope of application of the study.This paper studies the impact problem where the impact point is located anywhere on the beam.The study adds the effect of axial force to the governing differential equation.We use the Laplace transform, and the inverse Crump transform to obtain the analytical expressions for the linear elastic collision between beams and mass points.

Solve the basic equations in the frequency domain
The governing differential equation of the Euler-Bernoulli beam for the axial force is: Where x is the axis coordinate of the beam.y is the deflection of the beam.t is time.E is the elastic modulus of the beam.I is the moment of inertia of the section.N is the axial force. is the density.A is the cross-sectional area.Suppose , the Laplace transform of t is performed on the above equation.
The characteristic equation of the above formula is: Its four eigenvalues are 1 1 2 2 , , , n n n n   .Then the basic solution form of equation ( 2) is

y x p c e c e c e c e x l y x p a e a e a e a e l x
Where 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 , , , , , , , c c c c a a a a is the coefficient to be determined, and 1 2 , l l is the beam length on both sides of the collision.The relationship between the angle of rotation  and the moment M of the beam at any point on the beam, the shear force Q , and the deflection y of the beam are , respectively [4].We perform Laplace transform on it.We can get the following relation by substituting it into equation ( 4) ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) Where . We change i c in formulas ( 5)-( 7) to i a .The expressions for rotation angle, bending moment, and shear force when can also be obtained.

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of impact
It is difficult to solve the beam collision problem accurately.Some scholars have proposed a simplified method called linearization.In this way, the problem is simplified to the initial value problem of free vibration of a linear elastic system.Some scholars have proved the simplicity and good accuracy of this calculation method [5].This method provides a practical method for analyzing the impact response of flexible systems.This paper uses the linearization method.m body of mass A strikes a simply supported beam laterally with velocity V .The contact between the object and the impact beam is modeled with a spring with a compliance coefficient of f (Fig. 1).The contact equilibrium conditions are as follows Among them, ( ) u t is the displacement of the impactor.1 2 , Q Q is approximately the shear force value of the positive and negative sides of the impact point. 1 . We perform the Laplace transform [6].Since the initial displacement of the impactor is zero and the initial velocity isV ( 0, du u V dt   ), equation ( 8) can be simplified as shown in (9).
The displacement, rotation angle, and bending moment on the positive and negative sides of the impact are continuous: The boundary conditions of the beam have the following relation We can obtain the coefficient 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 , , , , , , , c c c c a a a a by substituting equations ( 4)-( 7) into ( 9)- (11).This way, we can obtain expressions for the impact force and various dynamic responses.

Numerical inversion
One of the main difficulties in applying the Laplace transform to find the time domain response is obtaining its inversion quickly.This problem is often not easily solved for simple rational functions.Research shows that the inverse Laplace transform is ill-conditioned [7].It is generally difficult for us to obtain analytical inverse Laplace transform results.We generally use the numerical inverse transformation method.The more common Laplace numerical inversion methods include the Duber method, the Abate method, the Durbin method, the Stefest method, the Crump method, the Schapery method, the Legendre polynomial method, and the Laguerre polynomial method.We choose the Crump method according to the specific characteristics of this problem and the advantages and disadvantages of various methods.The Laplace transformation of the function ( ) f t is defined as: The formula for inverse Laplace transform to find ( ) We use the Crump inverse transform method for numerical inversion.Its inversion formula is as follows Therefore, max t can also be taken as twice the maximum time of desire.This ensures the accuracy of the calculation results within the required period.When 0 t  , the summation of infinite series in equation ( 14) can be accelerated by Euler transform method or FFT method to improve the convergence speed [8].A concurrent calculation can determine the summation terms of an infinite series.If the accelerated algorithm is not used, the sum term generally needs more than 500 terms to converge.

Example analysis
The density of the simply supported beam is 7.83 × 10 3 (kg/m 3 ).The modulus is 2.07 × 10 2 (Gpa), the length of the beam is 5 (m), and the section of the beam is 0.2 × 0.2 (m 2 ).The mass of the impact body is 500 (kg), the impact velocity is 3 (m/s), and the compliance coefficient of the contact spring is 0.2 (m/MN).

Verification of the algorithm
The comparison between the impact force response calculated by the method in this paper and the impact force response obtained by ANSYS finite element is shown in Figure 2. It can be seen from the figure that the solution in this paper is in good agreement with the finite element solution.This shows that the method is correct and has better accuracy [9].It can be seen from Figure 2 that the maximum impact force of the object hitting the beam is 119.71kN.This is less than the impact force of 150kN hitting a rigid wall.The impact time is 51ms, which is longer than 31.4mshitting a rigid wall.The results show that the stiffness of the entire impact system is reduced due to beam flexibility.This reduces the impact force and increases the impact time.

Parameter influence analysis
Figure 6 shows the impact force at the impact positions at 1/2, 2/5, and 1/5 of the beam length, respectively [11].The closer the impact position is to the boundary, the greater the maximum impact force and the shorter the impact time.

Figure 6
Impact force diagram at different impact locations Figure 7 shows the impact force diagrams with axial pressures of 0kN, 2500kN, 5000kN, and 7500kN, respectively [12].It can be seen from the figure that with the increase of the axial pressure, the maximum impact force decreases slightly, and the impact time also decreases.Figure 8 shows the impact force diagrams with impact masses of 250kg, 500kg, and 750kg, respectively.It can be seen from the figure that with the increase of the impact mass, the maximum impact force increases, and the impact time also increases.9 shows the impact force diagrams with impact velocities of 3 m/s, 5 m/s, and 7 m/s, respectively.As the impact velocity increases, the maximum impact force increases linearly, and the impact velocity has nothing to do with the impact time.10 shows the impact force diagrams with contact compliance coefficients of 0.2 m/MN, 0.4 m/MN, and 0.8 m/MN, respectively.With the increase of the compliance coefficient, the large impact force decreases, and the impact time increases.

Conclusion
We perform Laplace transformation on the governing differential equations, boundary conditions, and continuity conditions of Euler-Bernoulli beams in the collision system.At this point, an analytical expression in the frequency domain is obtained.Then we use the Crump inverse transform method to perform numerical inversion to obtain various dynamic responses in the time domain.It is found that the results obtained by the method in this paper are in good agreement with the finite element solution.This proves that the method is correct and has high precision.

Figure 2
Figure 2 Impact force curve Figures 3 to 5 are the response diagrams of displacement, bending stress, and shear force, respectively.It can be seen from the figure that the displacement response and the bending stress response are positively symmetrical distributions.The maximum displacement and bending stress are both at mid-span [10].The shear response is antisymmetrically distributed, and the position where the shear force varies the most is on the boundary at both ends.

Figure 3 Figure 4
Figure 3 Displacement Response Plot

Figure 5
Figure 5 Shear response graph

Figure 7
Figure 7 Impact force diagram for different axial pressures

Figure 8
Figure 8Impact force diagram for different impact masses Figure9shows the impact force diagrams with impact velocities of 3 m/s, 5 m/s, and 7 m/s, respectively.As the impact velocity increases, the maximum impact force increases linearly, and the impact velocity has nothing to do with the impact time.

Figure 9
Figure 9 Impact force diagram for different impact velocities

Figure 10
Figure 10Impact diagram for different compliance coefficients Figure10shows the impact force diagrams with contact compliance coefficients of 0.2 m/MN, 0.4 m/MN, and 0.8 m/MN, respectively.With the increase of the compliance coefficient, the large impact force decreases, and the impact time increases.
E′ is the allowable error, and we can take it as 14)i is an imaginary unit.Re( ) s is the real part function.Im( ) s is the function to find the max t is the desired maximum time, but since t is closer to max t , the convergence is slower.