Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences

This article describes and illustrates Paris panxiensis (J. L. Liu) Y. Yuan & J. L. Liu from a morphological perspective, based on field survey, indoor potting and garden cultivation, and observations gleaned from these activities. This variety is closely related to P. delavayi Franch, P. daliensis H. Li et V. G. Soukup, P. lihengiana G. W. Hu & Q. F. Wang and P. polyphylla Smith var. stenophylla Franch, but differs from these in having the following characteristics: flower parts with a basic number of 4–8, petals far shorter than sepals, linear-virgate, bottom linear, gradually thickening upward, erect, never extend or curved, apex rounded or obtuse, and connectivum projecting.


Introduction
In 2005, Liu Jianlin, together with others forming part of their expedition, gathered a Paris Linn.plant in a shrub on the mountain slope of Luoji Mountain, Liangshanzhou, Sichuan Province.We denominated it as P. polyphylla Smith var.panxiensis J. L. Liu, a new variety of P. polyphylla Smith, and published it in the 8th issue, Vol.29 of Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica 2009.Due to the special morphological characteristics of P. polyphylla Smith var.panxiensis J. L. Liu, we used field survey, indoor potting and garden planting to observe and compare the wild and cultivated plants of P. polyphylla Smith var.panxiensis J. L. Liu for years.Our discovery is that though this plant is affected by different ecological environment factors of three habitats, leading to different forms and numbers of plant figure, leaf, sepal, petal, stamen and pistil, the main recognition characters of wild and cultivated plants do not change in a perceptible manner (Table 1), demonstrating its stable morphological characteristics.In view of the fact that Paris panxiensis (J.L. Liu) Y. Yuan & J. L. Liu is significantly distinctive from the related species with regard to morphological characteristics (Table 2), it is raised from a variety to a species.Fruits green or dark green, 5-7 angulate, globose, angular wing projecting, (0.5-)1.0-1.5 mm wide.

Description
A perennial herbal, erect or curved, the plant is 20-83 cm high.The following are the characteristics of the various parts of the plant-• Root stock: It presents as fleshy, stout, amphitropous or sometimes erect, terete and is 3.5-11.0cm long, with diameter 1.5-3.0cm, yellowish-brown exterior, white interior and multiple nodes.
• Stem: It is terete, erect or curved, is 19.5-66.5 cm long, with diameter 0.5-0.9cm in the middle part, light puce, puce or black brown, and glabrous.

Table 1
Comparison of main morphological characteristics of Paris panxiensis (J.L. Liu) Y. Yuan & J. L. Liu in three habitats.

Table 2
The main differences in the morphological characteristics between Paris Panxiensis (J.L. Liu) Y. Yuan & J. L. Liu and its related species.