<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Green marketing is possibly the newest type of marketing. Recently, it has also been the most discussed one by organizations, companies and even states. Green marketing tries to produce, promote and recycle products that are friendly to the environment. Green marketing is a global concern and it is going to have a better future. However, this type of marketing meets a few problems such as much effort to replace conventional products and a lack of confidence. Many companies produce and promote such products as much as possible. In spite of this, the public is still sceptical. The paper presents the theoretical important knowledge on green marketing, its definitions, customer behaviour formulas, and its potential.</abstract>

Ph.D., University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Economics, Department of Regional Management, Studentska 13, 370 05 Česke Budějovice,

University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Economics, Department of Regional Management,

Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia,

Importance of Green Marketing and Its Potential

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The idea that builds on the recognition that the Earth is a finite world, the resources are not endless, and thus the vision of continuous growth cannot be sustained can be traced back to the 1960s. Global problems had already occurred by then, and trends calculated from the data indicated a rapid disaster for the future. Humanity is at crossroads, and even the directions are still unclear. In the mid-1980s, an increasingly ecological approach appeared in politics, development policy, and international institutions.</abstract>

Sustainable Production And Consumption

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The paper investigates the relationship between farm size and productivity on chosen sample of companies in Slovakia. The impact of farm size in hectares and credits per hectare in euro on the production per hectare are analysed. The ordinary least square (OLS) and fixed effect model (FEM) regression framework confirms the inverse relationship between farm size and productivity. Credits per hectare have positive impact on productivity of farms. The results of the models show increasing returns to scale in Slovak farms.</abstract>

The Relationship Between Farm Size And Productivity In Slovakia

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Tourism has been a determining factor in the economic growth of Hungary recently and it will continue to have a significant role in the future development of the country. Although Hungary has great potentials in tourism sector, it is concentrated only on a few places of the country at present, especially in the capital, Budapest. While tourism has about 10% share in the national GDP production, most of it is generated in the capital. In addition, to the center of the country, there are only a few places that are really known by foreign tourists and thus are able to attract crowds. Such places are Lake Balaton, the largest lake in Europe; and the city of Debrecen, the second largest city in the country, with its surroundings and several thermal baths. The aim of our paper is to analyze the tendencies of Hungarian tourism, focusing on the festivals, and to follow the changes of the tourism strategies, as well as the direct and indirect effects of the development of the tourism industry on the economic growth of the country. In order to prepare our study, we have collected information on tourism from the Central Statistical Office, from the organizers of the different festivals throughout the country and from the National Tourism Office. Based on our research, we intend to draw consequences on the sector and define recommendations for further developments, because we believe that festivals can be the solution for the sustainable economic and social development of several rural areas, providing income for a huge part of population in the countryside.</abstract>

Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Adrienn Nagy, PhD student, 2100, Gödöllő, 1 Páter K. str., Phone: +36 28 522 000/2372

Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary

THE IMPORTANCE OF FESTIVAL TOURISM IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF HUNGARY

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Upon visiting the existing literature on the subject of linear vs. circular economy, this paper finds that, the blueprint of the current economy is hardly sustainable by using the comparative benchmarking method that drained from literature. The intrinsic mechanics of the linear economy, by relying on the wasteful take - make - dispose flow, is detrimental to the environment, cannot supply the growing populace of our planet with essential services and it naturally leads to strained profitability. Elements of a plausible solution to the challenges have been around for decades, although they have only recently been compiled in to the conceptual framework of circular economy. The core ideas of Circular Economy are elimination of waste by design, respect for the social, economic and natural environment and resource-conscious business conduct. Built on the backbone of these principles, the circular economy has demonstrated to deliver tangible benefits and viability to address the economic, environmental and social challenges of our days.</abstract>

Linear Economy Versus Circular Economy: A Comparative and Analyzer Study for Optimization of Economy for Sustainability

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> In the paper, an approach to measure farm level sustainability with the Synthetic Farm Sustainability Index (SFSI) is presented. SFSI is composed of five partial sustainability indexes based on 56 parameters describing different aspects of farms organization and functioning. The index, calculated for the sample of 120 Polish farms, was used to measure the state (static sustainability) and effects of possible improvements (dynamic sustainability) in the farming system. The results of the analyses show significant differences in the sustainability level between the farms in the sample, as well as the potential for increasing SFS. The increase of the synthetic sustainability index can be achieved by means of farm investments, but also low-cost activities that improve environmental performance and generate positive social effects without undermining economic viability. It was also found out, that larger size, intensive farms can achieve high economic and environmental sustainability level if properly managed.</abstract>

Measuring and Modelling Farm Level Sustainability

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Companies in 2023 have to face many challenges and will have to face many challenges in the future, according to the current predictions of renowned agencies and institutions. The pursuit of financial stability for profit-seeking entities is undoubtedly one of the most critical. Achieving this is influenced by a number of factors, including sustainability factors. In addition to the generally applicable principles, respecting and implementing the sub-aspects of sustainability also has certain specificities. These may be determined, for example, by the sectoral affiliation of the company. The sector chosen in the following text will be the transport sector. The stability of the performance of this sector will be examined in relation to selected sustainability factors. As transport is one of the largest polluters of the environment, transport performance is examined in the context of air emissions. The examination is carried out at EU Member State level in the timeframe 2011 and 2021, in relation to the EU strategy for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
</abstract>

Stability and Sustainability of Enterpreneurship – Complementarity or Substitution?

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The article reveals the theoretical grounds for the concept of “safety” with regard to the hotel industry. Based on the analysis of existing definitions we determined the theoretical content of the concept and offered our generalized interpretation of the “hotel safety” category. We provide original interpretation of the security concept in the context of hotel environment, both external and internal dimensions being encompassed. The focal points include buildings, property, people, and resources. Primary categories comprise physical security, personnel safety (both employees and guests), as well as system security. Besides, we’ve analyzed the levelness of safety system in the accommodation industry as well as systematized types of safety according to the three main blocks, such as physical safety, safety of people, and system security. We’ve determined that security serves, firstly, the basis for ensuring the sustainable development of hotel establishments, due to its fundamental underpinning; and, secondly, a fundamental indicator of investment feasibility.
</abstract>

Theoretical Foundations of Hotel Safety within the System of Sustainable Development

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The quality of management processes and performance of non-profit organizations in the region are the essential prerequisites for increasing the sustainability of social support through NGOs. The paper summarizes the results of the evaluation study based on the Plan-Do-Contoll-Act (PDCA) cycle analysis. The quality of management processes was self-evaluated on the basis of the analysis of the PDCA cycle in 79 NGOs, which took place in the 2015–2019 with the recipients of social support subsidies of the South Moravian Region administration. A composite indicator was designed to compare the overall level of management quality of participating NGOs. Results identified significant room for improvement in planning, fundraising, management of work with volunteers, and systematic use of data to improve NGOs‘ performance. Based on the understanding of the current level of the quality management processes, recommendations for enhancing the sustainability of NGOs and the efficiency of regional support are derived.
</abstract>

Quality of Management Processes as a Determinant of NGOs‘ Sustainability

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
While the actors of the developed world are deeply concerned with the complex interpretation of health, studying the path leading to that is a less investigated area, although, among the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a prominent role is given to the complex experience of health and its quality improvement. Regarding the V4 countries, many indicators of health need to be improved, while the quality of online marketing and communication, as well as the social media activities of private healthcare providers, largely determines the intensity and efficiency of using the service they provide. The focus of the online survey, with the involvement of almost 2,000 respondents, was to assess whether the marketing activities of healthcare services and their activities on social media platforms meet the expectations of Hungarian female consumers. Due to the results, social media platforms proved to be extremely critical, although older respondents trust advertisements about marketing services less. In the selection of service providers, patients base their decisions to a decisive extent on the expressions of the community of acquaintances, which assumes the management of a multi-level marketing, and communication tool park, and the emphatic and controlled education of brand ambassadors.
</abstract>

Determining Marketing and Communication Dimensions of Healthcare Providers in Hungary

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The study focuses on the county of Csongrád-Csanád and its districts, looking at the relative social and economic development of the districts and the direction of territorial changes in each district. The territorial development differences of the districts of Csongrád-Csanád county were mapped in two years, 2014 and 2020. Based on the indicators defined in Government Decree 290/2014 (XI. 26.), new indicators were developed. Subsequently, the economic, social, infrastructural and employment data of the districts were examined using a complex development indicator. The data for the analysis of the districts were provided by the Regional Statistical Information Database of the Central Statistical Office (KSH) and the National Spatial Development and Planning Information System (TeIR). The county covered by the study comprises seven districts: the districts of Csongrádi, Hódmezővásárhelyi, Kisteleki, Makói, Mórahalmi, Szeged and Szentes.
</abstract>

Complex Analysis of the Territorial Development of Csongrád-Csanád County

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The aim of this paper is to propose measures leading to overcoming the limits of development of the city of Karviná. Based on the results of the situational analysis supplemented by a questionnaire survey, it can be said that the economic and social pillars of the city are not developing very successfully. On the contrary, the environmental pillar, its landscape condition, and environmental care are developing most successfully. The current problematic factors limiting the development of the city are mainly the insufficient and unattractive local labour market and business activities, the image of the city, and the still low air quality. A strategy of diversification of the economic structure and a programme of support for small and medium-sized enterprises can make a significant contribution to overcoming these problems, achieving successful future development, and fully exploiting the city‘s potential. There is also scope for the use of development projects such as the New Economic Zone initiative and appropriate publicity for the city‘s strengths. A strategy aimed at improving air quality in the region is also a key aspect. There is an opportunity to finance these measures through the European Equitable Transformation Fund, which can greatly facilitate their implementation.
</abstract>

The Success of the Development of the Structurally Affected City of Karviná

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The scope of the research is to find out how social entrepreneurship operations can be modelled within existing business methods using circular economy principles. A literature review was undertaken in order to clarify and find out different opinions regarding circularity and social businesses models. Moreover, the author interviewed managers of different social mission organizations in order to find out the critical factors that determine the sustainability and performances of the organizations. Using the results of the field and desk research, the author suggests the following business model elements to be considered by social enterprises aiming to implement circular economy principles: Desired social and environment vision; Value proposition; Alignment of organizations to the strategy and acceleration of change through executive leadership implication; Financial sustainable perspective: a) to increase financial resources and b) to manage costs; Stakeholders perspective: a) customers segments, b) users, c) employees, d) community beneficiaries, e) channels, f) customer relationships, g) Key partnerships; Internal process perspective: a) processes necessary to use circular economy principles; b) impact measurement and key activities; c) internal and external communication; Resources perspective: a) networks; b) skills on circular principles and social impact; c) information and technologies.`</abstract>

Success Factors of Sustainable Social Enterprises Through Circular Economy Perspective

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The contemporary relevance of ensuring sustainable rural development is stipulated, on the one hand, by the growing economic and social backwardness of rural territories, and on the other hand by their ultimate importance for the nation in such issues as food security, preservation of soil and environmental resources, and the utilisation of agricultural, production and labour potentials. One of the key conditions of sustainable rural development is sufficient employment which provides rural inhabitants with a sustainable income which is competitive in comparison to urban territories. This paper includes an analysis of the current problems of rural development, based on the example of the Stavropol Region, one of the most agricultural regions of Russia; the paper addresses threats to sustainable rural development such as unemployment and depopulation, and substantiates the practicality of diversification of traditional rural sources of income by means of tourism and other alternative activities.</abstract>

Moscow University of Finance and Law, Moscow, Russian Federation

Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands

Stavropol State Agrarian University, Stavropol, Russian Federation

Sustainable Rural Development in Russia Through Diversification: The Case of the Stavropol Region

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The current study discusses the role and the importance of alternative food networks, farmers’ markets in particular, for sustainable rural development through the example of Bulgaria. Farmers’ markets are considered as a sustainable business model of networking which encourages production and consumption of local food of healthy origin adhering to high standards for quality and safety, building society and trust and encouraging development of rural regions. The case of Bulgaria is scrutinized in the context of the support for local food and short supply chains anticipated under the national rural development programme for the period 2014–2020 and the current state-of-art and capacities of available farmers’ markets. Some good practices are analyzed and presented establishing a new type of relationships between producers and consumers of farm products proving that farmers’ markets could be efficient incubators of local businesses and new relationships with end-users. Conclusions are made on nature, objectives and functioning of farmers’ markets, challenges and problems in their promotion, support and encouragement.</abstract>

Farmers’ Markets as a Business Model Encouraging Sustainable Production and Consumption

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The purchasing behaviour in the market of green products is at a low level. Consumers express their concern about the future of the planet and the cleanliness of the environment, but in their conduct they do not take into account ecological criteria. There is a discrepancy between what consumers say and what they really do. A favourable attitude to the idea of environmental protection does not translate into real action. The reasons for this gap have not been sufficiently researched yet. The aim of the research is to identify the causes of attitude-behaviour gap in the market of environmentally friendly products in Poland. To achieve the goal, the desk research and surveys were applied. The research shows that green products are well evaluated by consumers, although the knowledge about them is general and partial. Only 21% of respondents indicate knowledge of the production process, certification and control of environmentally friendly products. A large group of surveyed consumers (43%) shows willingness to pay higher prices for environmentally friendly products. But only one third of respondents (32%) declares trust in such products.</abstract>

Attitude-Behaviour Gap Among Polish Consumers Regarding Green Purchases

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Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development

International Scientific Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Delelopment;
The Journal of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra

The international scientific journal “Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development” was published as a part of the IVF Strategic Project “Sustainability in Agrisector of V4 Countries...

The international scientific journal “Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development” was published as a part of the IVF Strategic Project...

Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development

International Scientific Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Delelopment; The Journal of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra

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