Central European Management Journal

Editor in Chief
Pawel Korzynski, Kozminski University, Poland

Associated Editors
Wojciech Czakon, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland
Marco Dall'Aglio, LUISS University, Rome, Italy
Jorge Filipe da Silva Gomes, Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Portugal
Aneta Hryckiewicz, Kozminski University, Poland
Izabela Kowalik, Warsaw School of Economics, Poland
Dominika Latusek-Jurczak, Kozminski University, Poland
Grzegorz Mazurek, Kozminski University, Poland
Jordi Paniagua, Catholic University of Valencia, Spain
Marta Postuła, University of Warsaw, Poland
Bruno Schivinski, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
Anna Sender, University of Lucerne, Switzerland
Dariusz Siemieniako, Bialystok University of Technology, Poland
Javier Tafur, ESCP Europe, Madrid Campus, Spain
Jacek Tomkiewicz, Kozminski University, Poland
Krzysztof Wach, Cracow University of Economics, Poland

Past editors
Dorota Dobija, Kozminski University, Poland
Stefan Kwiatkowski, Kozminski University, Poland
Bogdan Wawrzyniak, Kozminski University, Poland
Piotr Rządca, Kozminski University, Poland

Editorial Board
Mariusz Andrzejewski, Cracow University of Economics, Poland
Heidrich Balazs, Budapest Business School, Hungary
Zbigniew Bochniarz, University of Washington, US
Paweł Bryła, University of Lodz, Poland
Kurt Johnny Burneo Farfan, Centrum Graduate Business School, Pontifica Universidad Catolica del Peru
Zoltan Buzady, Corvinus Business School, Hungary
Gosia Ciesielska, Teesside University Business School, United Kingdom
Katarzyna Cieslak, Uppsala University, Sweden
Sylwia Ciuk, Oxford Brookes University Business School, United Kingdom
Nick Chandler, Budapest Business School, Hungary
Giovanna Devetag, LUISS Universita Guido Carli, Italy
Percy S. Marquina Feldman, Centrum Graduate Business School, Pontifica Universidad Catolica del Peru
Monika Golonka, Kozminski University, Poland
Toshio Goto, Japan University of Economics, Japan
Giuseppe Grossi, Kristianstad University, Sweden
Julita Haber, Fordham University, US
Gábor Harangozó, Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary
Ilona Hunek, University College Dublin, Ireland
Krzysztof Jackowicz, Kozminski University, Poland
Sebastian Jarzębowski, Kozminski University, Poland
Dariusz Jemielniak, Kozminski University, Poland
Sten Jonsson, Goeteborg University, Sweden
Zvi Joshman, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
Andreas Kaplan, ESCP Europe, France
Peter Karacsony, University J. Selyeho, Slovakia
Eugeniusz Kąciak, Brock University, Ontario, Canada
Izabela Koładkiewicz, Kozminski University, Poland
Oskar Kowalewski, IESEG School of Management, France
Józefa Kramer, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland
Anna Lis, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland
Monika Marcinkowska, University of Lodz, Poland
Gianluca Mattarocci, LUISS Universita Guido Carli, Italy
Czesław Mesjasz, Cracow University of Economics, Poland
Paweł Mielcarz, Kozminski University, Poland
Henryk Mruk, Poznan University of Economics, Poland
Bogdan Nogalski, University of Gdańsk, Poland
Bartłomiej Nowak, Kozminski University, Poland
Daria Peljhan, Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
Oksana Polinkevych,Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Ukraine
Narcyz Roztocki, State University of New York, New Patlz, US
Robert Rządca, Kozminski University, Poland
Jan Napoleon Saykiewicz, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh University, US
Giovanni Schiuma, University of Basilicata, Italy
Zeljko Sevic, Caledonian Business School, UK
JC Spender, Lund University, Sweden
Abdulsatar Abduljabar Sultan, Lebanese French University, Iraq
Charles Vincent, Centrum Graduate Business School, Pontifica Universidad Catolica del Peru
Linying (Lin) Dong, Ryerson University, Canada
Rong Zhang, Nishinippon Institute of Technology, Japan

Publisher
De Gruyter Poland
Bogumiła Zuga 32A Str.
01-811 Warsaw, Poland
T: +48 22 701 50 15

Central European Management Journal is covered by the following services:

• Arianta
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• BazHum
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• CNKI Scholar (China National Knowledge Infrastructure)
• CNPIEC - cnpLINKer
• Dimensions
• DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)
• EBSCO
• EconBiz
• ERIH PLUS (European Reference Index for the Humanities and Social Sciences)
• ExLibris
• Google Scholar
• Index Copernicus
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• POL-index
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• ReadCube
• Research Papers in Economics (RePEc)
• SCILIT
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• SCOPUS
• Semantic Scholar
• TDNet
• TEMA Technik und Management
• Ulrich's Periodicals Directory/ulrichsweb
• WanFang Data
• Web of Science - Emerging Sources Citation Index
• WorldCat (OCLC)
• X-MOL

Manuscripts should be submitted to the journal via online submission system ScholarOne Manuscripts available for this journal at mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jmbace

In case of problems, please contact the Managing Editor via email gorynska@kozminski.edu.pl

Open Access Statement

The journal is an Open Access journal that allows a free unlimited access to all its contents without any restrictions upon publication to all users.

This journal provides immediate open access to its content under the Creative Commons BY 4.0 license. Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY 4.0 license.

Instructions for Authors

Preparation of the Text

The length of the paper should not exceed 22 pages; the minimum length is 11 pages of standard typescript (A4 size; font Times New Roman; size 12; line spacing 1.5, margins 2.5 cm). In case of a review the submitted material length should not exceed 6 pages. The texts should be submitted in Word format, charts - in Excel. Tables, figures and illustrations must be clearly described and included in separate files; their location should be indicated in the text. In case the text contains images, it is recommended to send in the originals.
The Authors are responsible for obtaining the necessary authorizations for the publication of materials for which the copyright is held by a third party.

To submit the paper Authors are asked to prepare in the separate documents:

• Main document without Authors information
• Title page
• Figures
• Tables

The main document should contain the following elements (in the given order):

1. Title. Title should grab attention and reflect the content of the paper.
2. Structured abstract (up to 200 words).　You can see the sample on https://journals.kozminski.edu.pl/system/files/ABSTRAKTY.pdf
3. Abstract should not exceed 250 words. It summarizes the main points of the paper. Abstract should be compelling, provide accurate overview of the paper and should be understood without reading the paper.
4. Keywords (up to 5). Keywords should reflect the important concepts, constructs and theory of the paper. Keywords help the readers to find your paper online.
5. Introduction. Introduction establishes the need for the paper by highlighting practical or theoretical problem, research gaps or disagreements in the literature. Key concepts of the paper, its objectives and contributions are included in the introduction.
6. Subsequent appropriate subheadings such as literature review, theoretical framework and/or development of hypotheses or propositions.
7. Methods (if applicable). Methods section includes detailed information such as sampling strategy, final sample, response rate measures, data analysis strategy.
8. Results (if applicable). Results section describes findings accurately and indicates how they relate to previous propositions or hypotheses. Tables should provide sufficient and accurate information to allow the reader for own conclusions.
9. Discussion and conclusions. Discussion includes a short summary of the findings and discussion on their theoretical implications, limitations of the study, future research opportunities, and practical implications.
10. Footnotes (if applicable).

Reference (see guidelines below).

References, Quotations, Footnotes

The bibliography should only include items that are cited in the text. Each item in the bibliography should include the assigned DOI number (if it has one) (http://www.crossref.org/guestquery/).　

The Authors are requested to draw up the bibliography alphabetically and in the following format:

• Book publications by one author:　
Kowalski, J. (2000). Book title. Place of publication: Publisher, http://dx.doi.org/ enter the assigned DOI number for the given publication.　
• Book publications by multiple authors:
Kowalski, J., Nowak, J. and Wiœniewski, A. (2001). Book title. Place of publication: Publisher, http://dx.doi.org/enter the assigned DOI number for the given publication.　
• Edited book publications:
Kowalski, J. (ed.). (2000). Book title. Place of publication: Publisher, http://dx.doi.org/ enter the assigned DOI number for the given publication.　
• Chapters in book publications:
Kowalski, J. (2002).　Title of chapter. In: J. Nowak (ed.), Book title (Vol. 1, pp. 1-5). Place of publication: Publisher, http://dx.doi.org/ enter the assigned DOI number for the given publication.　
• Articles in a journal:
Kowalski, J. (2001). Article title. Journal title, volume(issue), 1-5, http://dx.doi.org/ enter the assigned DOI number for the given publication.　
• Articles in a journal - multiple authors:
Kowalski, J., Nowak, J. and Wiœniewski, A. (2001). Article title. Journal title, volume(issue), 1-15,http://dx.doi.org/ enter the assigned DOI number for the given publication.　
• Articles in a newspaper:
Kowalski, J. (2001). Article title. Newspaper title, day or month of issue, http://dx.doi.org/ enter the assigned DOI number for the given publication.　
• Lectures:
Kowalski, J. (2001). Title of lecture. Lecture presented at ...., Conference venue.　
• Reports:
Institution: (2001). Report title. Place of publication: Institution, http://dx.doi.org/ enter the assigned DOI number for the given publication.　
• Book publications in press:
Kowalski, J. (in press). Book title. Place of publication: Publisher.　
• Articles in press:
Kowalski, J. (2001). Article title. Journal title, volume(issue).　
• Unpublished works:
Kowalski, J. (2001). Paper title. Unpublished PhD thesis, University Name, Location.　
• Internet sources - article:
Kowalski, J. (2001). Article title. Journal title, volume(issue), pages. Obtained from: enter the address of the website (enter the date of access dd.mm.yyyy).　
• Internet sources - book:
Kowalski, J. (2000). Book title. Obtained from: enter the address of the website (enter the date of access dd.mm.yyyy).

Referencing in the Text

• the work of one author: always specify the author's name and the publication date (no matter how many times the work is referred to); in case reference is made to more than one work of the author published in the same year, subsequent letters of the alphabet should be added after the year of publication (this rule also applies for the other, mentioned below, types of publications), e.g. (Kowalski, 2001); (Kowalski, 2001a);　
• the work of two authors: always specify the author's name and the publication date (no matter how many times the work is referred to); the names of the authors should always be put together using the conjunction "and", even in the case of foreign language publications, e.g. (Kowalski and Nowak, 2001); (Kowalski and Nowak, 2001a);　
• the work of 3-5 authors: the first time – the names of all the authors should be mentioned, separated by commas and using the conjunction "and" between the last two names; in case of subsequent referencing – the name of the first author should be mentioned and then the abbreviation "et al." can be used, e.g. the first time: (Kowalski, Nowak and Wiœniewski, 2001); (Kowalski, Nowak and Wiœniewski 2001a); and subsequently: (Kowalski et al., 2001); (Kowalski et al., 2001a);　
• the work of 6 or more authors: only the name of the first author should be mentioned (the first time as well as in subsequent referencing), the rest of the authors should be replaced with the abbreviation "et al."; in the bibliography the names of all the authors of the work should be listed, e.g. (Kowalski et al., 2001); (Kowalski et al., 2001a);　
• referencing several works simultaneously: the publications should be mentioned alphabetically (by surname of the first author); several works by the same author should be separated using a comma; the individual publications of various authors should be separated using a semicolon, e.g. (Kowalski, 2001; Nowak and Kowalski, 2002); (Kowalski, 2001, 2002a; Nowak and Kowalski, 2002);　
• referencing another author cited within the work: should be mentioned only in the text itself, in the bibliography only the read work should be listed; works should be separated using a semicolon, e.g. (Kowalski, 2001; in: Nowak 2002).　
Quotations in the text: always put in quotation marks and state the author/authors, the year of publication of the work and the page number. Quotations should look as follows: (author/authors, year of publication, page number), e.g. (Kowalski, 2000, p. 67) or (Kowalski and Nowak, 2001, p. 3), or (Kowalski, Nowak and Wiœniewski, 2001a, p. 3).