<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>In this paper, the authors present an engineering method to identify the transmission paths of structure-borne sounds. The method is based on the use of a standardised impact sound source with an insulation case. The advantage of this approach is the possibility of obtaining repeatable results because the method allows the separation of structure-borne and airborne sounds; the latter do not interrupt the measurement even in the case of loose connections or elements of low acoustic insulation. The research on the verification of the method was performed on the façade of the Cracow Philharmonic building; the main structure-borne sound transmission paths were determined successfully. Knowledge of the sound transmission paths allows the subsequent design of efficient vibroacoustic protection.</abstract>

An Engineering Method to Measure Structure-Borne Sounds Transmitted Through the Building Partitions

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The diastatic number in five samples of honey has been determined by two methods: according to guidelines included in Polish standard PN-88/A-77626 and the Phadebas method. Research shows that the storage of honeys did not have a significant impact on lowering of diastatic number. However, long-term storage of honey was characterized a reduction of the diastase number. The correlation between the two applied methods was very strong (<italic>r</italic> = 0.921).</abstract>

Determination of the Diastase Activity in Honeys

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Modern stadiums constitute a challenge to urban planning, architects and buildings. The exceptional character of these enormous structures is, on the one hand, highlighted by their unique massings and the innovative materials that they employ, while on the other, their composition within the space of the city and its skilful blending into its context causes them to become icons and landmarks. Three different examples demonstrate that the requirements presented above can be fulfilled. Modern forms have been fitted into the scale of cities of various size and adapted to their surroundings. Functional solutions were well-thought out and circulation and access have been placed so that events would not block traffic in the city each time they are held.</abstract>

Football Stadiums – Icons of Sports Architecture

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>In recent years, there has been a trend to reuse abandoned buildings. Adaptive re-use allows preservation of the original structure and implements a new function to it. Suchactivity could help to preserve the historic value of buildings; moreover, many other advantages can be found in educational, ecological and economic fields. However, the question arises of whether every object can be freely adapted. This article examines the case of old prisons which have, for instance, been adapted into hotels and museums. Knowledge of the history of prison architecture as well as experience in preserving and adapting prisons could help to identify the appropriate function for the abandoned penitentiary facilities.</abstract>

The difficult heritage. The reuse of former prison buildings

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>In the article, a mathematical model of heat transfer in a storage tank for hot water with a non-uniform initial temperature is presented. The influence of the initial temperature distribution of the liquid in the tank and the influence of thermal resistance of the tank’s walls, bottom and cover on temperature profiles of the liquid in the tank and changes of these profiles in time were analysed. A good conformity of the results obtained based on the process model with the results of measurements of water temperatures carried out under laboratory conditions was obtained.</abstract>

Heat transfer during storage of hot liquid in the tank

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Niemeyer’s extraordinary ability to present his projects with one line comes from the inspiration of the landscape, the hills surrounding Copacabana Beach, and the female body. Sketching since he was younger, the architect has improved his line so much that one line was enough to explain the whole project. One of the realizations built with one line was the Ibirapuera Park in São Paulo, opened in 1954. The buildings created there, showed a glimpse of Sugarloaf Mountain, women and their curvilinear forms.</abstract>

Oscar Niemeyer’s Ibirapuera Park in São Paulo Built with One Line

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Sustainable tourism is an important element in the policies of many developing countries today. In contrast to mass tourism, it provides a holistic perspective, recognising the synergies between economic, social, and environmental development and protecting the existing natural, human and organisational resources upon which tourism depends. Community-based tourism (CBT) is a participatory approach to implementing sustainable tourism that also promotes community development from a bottom-up perspective and with a focus on local knowledge and existing resources. Based on comprehensive research and analysis of the existing body of literature, the aim of this paper is to research the transition from sustainable tourism towards community based-tourism, to identify the relevant actors that should be involved in the planning, implementation and management of such projects and to propose a capacity development approach that facilitates community development through a community-based tourism approach.
</abstract>

Empowering Rural Communities: A Theoretical Approach to Sustainable Tourism through Community-Based Development

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The objective of this study was to assess the functionality of the wastewater treatment plant in Nowy Sącz by means of tools to determine the efficiency and reliability of the operation of the analysed facility. The range of analysed indicators included the main indicators of wastewater pollution: BOD5, CODCr, total suspended solids, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The performance of the analysed treatment plant was evaluated based on the results of the three years 2017–2019. The percentage reduction efficiency and the technological reliability coefficients of the treatment plant were determined using the values of pollutant concentrations in raw and treated wastewater. A reliable level of operation of the analysed facility was found (the resulting reliability coefficient values <italic>WN</italic> = 0.31–0.77) with high efficiency of wastewater treatment (reduction of analysed pollutants η = 83.03% to 99.62%). The limit values were not exceeded, which is a requirement of the applicable legislation. The method of determining technological reliability and the reduction of particular pollutants is an easy and important tool for assessing the operation and performance of wastewater treatment plants.
</abstract>

An analysis of the operation of the wastewater treatment plant in Nowy Sącz – tools for assessing the efficiency and reliability of operation

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The article presents an extended model of the Solina-Myczkowce pumped storage power plant with the designed new reservoir and Jawor power plant. Different design cases for the size of the reservoir located on Mt. Jawor were considered. In building the model, a modular approach was used to clearly distinguish elements of the model. In order to capture seasonal changes in both hydrological conditions and power demand values, a period of 365 days was assumed for the simulations. The simulations assumed the form of criteria defining on/off moments and defining the turbine/pump turbine operating regime using the daily variation of energy prices. All constraints arising from the physical parameters and limitations of the cascade facilities as well as those arising from the provisions of the current Water Management Manual for the Solina-Myczkowce cascade were taken into account. The model was designed and executed using the Matlab-Simulink interface. The developed model, assuming various solutions of the additional Jawor-Solina pumped storage power plant, allows multivariate analysis of the effects, both in the sphere of electricity production and financial . The flexible design of the model is a proposal with the help of which it is possible to develop and test decision-making mechanisms in the energy and financial area of cascade operation. Expansion of the energy cascade with a new element of the pumped storage power plant affects the functioning in its current form of the Solina-Myczkowce PSPS. The results show the directions of changes that should be made in the operating strategy of such an expanded energy complex. The analyses are supported by a number of charts and a commentary.
</abstract>

The influence of the planned Solina-Jawor pumped storage power plant on the operating regime of the Solina-Myczkowce power plant

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Discoveries in medicine concerning the influence of light on human physiology provoked the creation of the Human Centric Lighting (HCL) approach. Research dedicated to this mainly focuses on optimally matching light parameters to human needs, e.g. increasing concentration, relaxation, etc. However, only a properly designed light source is capable of meeting HCL goals. This paper focuses on the LED luminaire design used in HCL systems. A review of LEDs dedicated to HCL systems was performed. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The Tunable White (TW) design is shown to be the most universal solution for HCL systems because it enables regulation of the colour temperature and spectrum, depending on user needs. However, TW is also the most complex in design. The problems that might arise during TW luminaire design are discussed. Example strategies on how to solve them, focusing on colour mixing and LED arrangement are given. Practical examples of TW luminaire design are also described, each one with a commentary covering encountered issues and their solutions.
</abstract>

Human centric lighting luminaires: practical design

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This paper presents an analysis and results of experimental tests of full-scale prefabricated balcony sets with dimensions (width × length × height): 2.0 m × 2.78 m × 0.186 m (in a slope to 0.17 m). The sets consist of reinforced concrete slabs (balcony and ceiling) connected with each other with double-type balcony connections. The paper analyses the impact of variable parameters on the load bearing capacity of the elements. Additionally, an overview of current scientific and technical papers in the field of balcony connections is provided.
</abstract>

Experimental tests of steel double-type balcony connections

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Repairs and reconstructions of asphalt roads and paved areas generate large amounts of construction debris in the form of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). The material milled from the upper layer contains aggregate and asphalt with deteriorating performance parameters as a result of long-term service under variable weather conditions. Since the debris is mostly composed of non-renewable materials, attempts have been made to recycle and utilise it in the preparation of new asphalt mixtures. This study investigates the design of an asphalt mix containing recycled RAP and summarises the testing of its performance parameters. By lowering the mixing temperature and using a two-stage method of RAP heating, it was possible to design an asphalt mix with 90% RAP content; thus, the demand for virgin aggregate and the fuel consumption throughout the mixing process could be effectively reduced.
</abstract>

Designing asphalt mixes containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)

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