<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Being one of the policy goals of the European Union, the deinstitutionalization of social services, originally understood as deconcentration, is changing its character nowadays. Health as a concept in the field of axiology is gaining importance not only among researchers, but also – through the development of widespread awareness and, as a result, practical knowledge of society – for the general population. Rising health consciousness, aided by developing technologies and innovations is causing social changes in behavioral patterns, resulting in spatial and community functioning changes. The decline of health institutions, as a quintessential feature of these changes, should be seen (with an awareness of their potential risks) as an opportunity for developing more independent and shock-resistant communities.
</abstract>

Nowoczesna deinstytucjonalizacja zdrowia – przegląd nowych trendów społecznych w zdrowiu publicznym w ujęciu terytorialnym

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Gender influences most aspects of migration, placing migrants in slightly different positions in the host country. Gender differences are visible not only in masculinized or feminized migration streams, but also in those that are balanced in terms of gender ratio. In the case of Polish migrations to Germany, the third type of migration streams dominates. This type of migration is characterized by a relatively equal gender structure of Polish migrants. The main aim of this paper is to identify the migration experiences of Poles in the context of revealing gender differences and their potential impact on everyday life in the host country. The article was prepared based on the results of original quantitative (surveys) and qualitative (in-depth interviews) social research conducted among Polish women and men living in Berlin and Hamburg. The example of Germany as a host country allowed to prove that Polish women and men migrants experience the migration process differently. A significant difference in the context of gender was revealed in the following areas: activity in the public sphere, satisfaction with remuneration and level of knowledge of the German language.
</abstract>

Wpływ płci na doświadczenia migracyjne Polaków w Niemczech. Przykład Berlina i Hamburga

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The aim of the paper is to recognize how the service provided by the mountain guides moderates the delivery of cultural ecosystem services to tourists. The study carried out in the Karkonosze National Park included indepth interviews and participatory mapping. It has been shown that the work of mountain guides is crucial to the nature and extent of the flow of cultural ecosystem services that are provided to tourists during their tours. Guides in the KPN area mainly lead hiking groups, the aim of which is to climb Śnieżka walk through the Śnieżne Kotły glacial circusses or visit the Mały Staw with the shelter „Samotnia”. During the tours, there is a strong emphasis on visitor education, especially the explanation of geological and geomorphological phenomena that can be observed in the field.
</abstract>

Przewodnicy sudeccy jako moderatorzy dostawy
kulturowych usług ekosystemowych
w Karkonoskim Parku Narodowym

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In the study of emotions associated with staying in a specific space, in addition to the subjective approach based on describing one’s feelings caused by the environment, an objective approach is also used, using ambulatory sensors to measure the body’s reaction to external stimuli. The aim of the article is, on the one hand, to formulate guidelines regarding the methodology of using electrodermal activity (EDA) sensors in public space research, and, on the other hand, to indicate the practical application of this type of research. The device was tested during a walk along the Krakowskie Przedmieście Street in Warsaw. The study confirmed that the effect of measurements using biosensors is not so much an objectively identified cause-and-effect relationship between a stimulus and a specific reaction of the body, but an in-depth reflection on the way we experience the space. Due to the multitude of stimuli coming from the environment and the individual emotional, as well as mental state of each person, biosensors are currently a better solution for static research in microspace. However, geographers should continue rigorous research on whether and how these devices should be used in field research, how to standardize the conditions under which recordings are made, and how to standardize measurement methodology and participant selection.
</abstract>

Wpływ bodźców przestrzennych na reakcje organizmu. Refleksje z wykorzystania bioczujników do badania warszawskiej przestrzeni publicznej

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Nowadays, geographers and specialists in other disciplines perceive information and communication technologies, including GIS software, as part of the inevitable changes in practice and science (including geography). Recent ways of generating, processing, storing, analyzing and sharing data, creating and sharing texts, visualizing, mapping, analyzing, communicating ideas, video, podcasts, and presentations, sharing information, social networks and mainstream media are entirely dependent on computing technologies. Modern science in the digital age uses big data, artificial intelligence – machine learning methods (data mining, pattern recognition, geovisualization, spatial statistics, optimization and spatial simulation), which in turn have renewed interest in and ties with the fields of computational social sciences and data-driven geography, to gain deeper insights into quantitative, time-scale, multi-resolution and multi-scale research. The tool and product of a geographer’s research is, among other things, the map, a medium, a vehicle for geographic theories and ideas and a tool for conveying geo-information. However, the remediation of a traditional map into a digital map involves the transformation, addition, restriction or change of the meaning system of the original. The new digital medium arouses different attitudes, different emotions and triggers new practices of receiving geo-information among professionals and the public. Undoubtedly, this also applies to researchers–geographers who apply in their geospatial research multi-, interor transdisciplinary approaches based on different research paradigms. Integrated and problem-focused scientific discourse in geographic research and digital remediation of maps allow us to look at the future of (currently diversified) geographic research with some hope for its reintegration. The aim of the paper is to identify the possibilities, current and prospective paths and research topics of geography in Poland, which are interdisciplinary, combining the field of interest of physical, socio-economic geographers and specialists of space economy, using the modern instrumentarium of information and communication technologies in geography, i.e. geographic information systems.
</abstract>

Szanse reintegracji a remediacja cyfrowa geografii

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
An essay is one of the written forms of expression commonly used in literature. It can also be a method for correctly and ingenious formulation of written statements by pupils and students in the process of their education at various stages of learning and studying. The aim of the article is to present the features and values of the essay as a method used in the process of educating geography students – developing various language skills, including: freedom of expression of one’s own views, subjective assessment of facts and events, and creative involvement – i.e. competences useful to geographers, especially candidates for work in as teachers. The article also includes the results of a survey conducted on the subject of the essay among students of geography teaching specialization or teaching unit / module at five Polish universities, as well as considerations on the advisability of using it as a form of passing a course.
</abstract>

Esej jako metoda kształcenia studentów – przyszłych nauczycieli geografii

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The Vistula Lagoon region has well-established maritime traditions, but socio-economic and geopolitical problems make it difficult to exploit the potential of this location. In the study, a multi-criteria qualitative analysis of strategic and planning documents at four levels (national, supra-regional, regional and local) was carried out in terms of including in them issues concerning the activation of water transport in the Vistula Lagoon region. The results indicate that the water economy is a strategic economic sector for the lagoon municipalities. The navigation channel through the Vistula Spit is mostly perceived as a key investment for the activation of water transport in the region, although its assessment among municipalities is not uniform. Particularly important areas of intervention include the need to modernise the existing infrastructure and actively maintain it to ensure proper navigable conditions, as well as cooperation between different levels of government for effective planning and implementation of these visions in the functional area of the basin.
</abstract>

Visions of water transport activation in the expressed in strategic and planning

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Children’s geographies is a relatively young sub-discipline of human geography, dating back to the 1990s. Drawing attention to the marginal consideration given to children in geographic research in the past, as well as other problems that scientific studies of the time overlooked or struggled with, it was possible to formulate a set of basic assumptions that continue to guide those studying children’s geographies today. The subdiscipline is constantly gaining popularity among researchers from around the world. We are currently witnessing its unprecedented flourishing. This article attempts to achieve two goals. Firstly, the characterization of children’s geographies based on a review of the literature. It includes basic information about this subdiscipline, such as a description of its origins, main assumptions and scope of research, an explanation of key terms, a characterization of the location of children’s geographies in the structure of scientific and geographic knowledge, as well as outlining the main problems and challenges within this subdiscipline. Secondly, the identification of the undertaken research issues within the framework of children’s geographies based on bibliometric data – indicating the most popular issues undertaken in research, identifying the popularity of the subdiscipline, as well as recognizing the leading centers and researchers working on children’s geographies. This work is intended to be a comprehensive coverage of the issues of this subdiscipline for those interested in gaining basic information on child geographies and conducting research in this area.
</abstract>

Children’s geographies – a object and subject of and popularity of the sub-discipline

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The paper presents deliberations on the observed evolution of the process of urban regeneration of degraded urban areas. In addition to the common formula of transformations, which result in the creation of multifunctional, representative public space zones, more and more often activities leading to the creation of intimate areas of local importance are taking place in underserved areas. The resulting new enclaves with diversified functional structures are an interesting example of integrative urban regeneration aimed at achieving a high quality of life for residents and stabilizing the comfort of using space. The presented approach is illustrated by field research carried out in 2019, 2021 and 2022 in the Fuzja complex in Łódź, located in the successively revitalized former Karol Scheibler factory complex.
</abstract>

Localism in the revitalization process. Example of the Fuzja complex in Łódź

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This study aimed to compare and analyze the professional problems between travel agencies and tourist guides operating in the tourism sector in Istanbul. The research was conducted with a total of 26 participants, including 13 tourist guides and 13 representatives from travel agencies, using a semi-structured interview technique. The data obtained were analyzed under the headings of “mutual problems of travel agencies and tourist guides”, “problems related to guests”, “problems related to accommodation enterprises”, “other problems”, “illegal and shadow guiding problem”, and “base fees and adequacy”. It has been determined that the main problem that tourist guides experience with the travel agencies they work with is tour fees. Tourist guides underlined that travel agencies are very sales-oriented and this situation negatively affects the guides. In addition, it has been determined that intensive tour programs also cause significant problems for tourist guides. Agency representatives, on the other hand, stated that they had problems with inadequacies in the individual characteristics of tourist guides. In addition, non-compliance with the tour program, demanding high prices, and discrimination of guests were among the problems experienced by travel agencies with tourist guides. When the problems encountered by the two important stakeholders of the tourism sector other than the problems encountered with each other are taken into consideration, tourist guides stated that they encountered the problem of delays with their guests, the problem of insufficient personnel with accommodation establishments, and the problem of traffic in Istanbul. Travel agency representatives, on the other hand, emphasized the problems caused by high and different expectations with their guests, the problems experienced by accommodation businesses when purchasing rooms, and the traffic problems in Istanbul. Both stakeholders agree that the illegal and shadow guiding problem should be inspected and sanctions should be imposed. Stakeholders who evaluate the base wages of tourist guides have different opinions on this issue. While a significant portion of tourist guides think that the wages are adequate, agency representatives think that the base wage is high.
</abstract>

Comparing Professional Problems of Travel Agencies and Tourist Guides Operating in Istanbul

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The Pruszków Abiotic Nature Trail, a collection of 12 Scandinavian erratic boulders, has been a municipal geotourism site since 2022. It has an educational, pro-environmental and educational function, demonstrating that the local geological heritage should be protected to ensure the balance of the city’s geo-ecosystem. The Geotrail uses abiotic natural elements for tourism and recreational functions. Architecturally designed and equipped with information panels and paratourist facilities, it decorates a small square in the middle of the urban fabric. Through the skilful transfer of know-how, it becomes an effective generator of sustainable socio-economic development in a town which, in the case of Pruszków, functions mainly as a bedroom community for the capital.
</abstract>

Abiotic Nature Trail as a geotourism attraction and the key to sustainable development of a city

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
India, the home to one of the earliest urban civilizations on this planet, has a very long tradition of research and writings on urban issues. The fundamental objective and chief motivation of writing a review of urban settlement studies in India is to fabricate a legible synthesis of the relevant sources, obtainable from the literature to answer a salient research question that may interest all geographers as well as other social scientists. Since urban settlement geography has emerged as a systematic sub-theme of urban geography after World War II, the post-independence period (1950–2019) of India has been taken into consideration for the present review. This research, therefore, is a humble effort to analyze and interpret over 60 publications, published between 1950 and 2019, on various aspects of urban settlements in India and to provide a brief critical review of them. The review indicates that diversified aspects of physical, functional, economic, and historical dimensions of urban settlements belonging to different parts of the country were discussed and interpreted by scholars from India and abroad. On the grounds of the present study, papers are organized under the following broad themes, such as location, distribution, configuration, and morphological studies of urban settlements; studies on urban settlement systems, economic linkages, and spatial-functional characteristics of urban settlements; studies on the typology of urban settlements; and historical studies of urban settlements. Eventually, this endeavor seeks to get a place in the vast body of literature, on the subject of urban geography, by offering a brief review of the select literature in the sub-theme of urban settlement geography to enable readers to acquire an overview of the scholarly literature in the area, so that they can enhance their understanding of what is found, how it is found, and in which way to communicate this information.
</abstract>

Contributions to Urban Settlement Geography in India. A Critical Review of Selected Literature

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