<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>In this article an extensive but not exhaustive review on different transformable systems - retractable roofs, deployable and retractable pantographic lattice systems, pop-up and snap-through type structures, tensegrity structures - used in architecture and civil engineering will be given. This study was carried out to explore earlier and current researches and technologies to demonstrate the available systems and their potential. However, the main goal of this article is to expose the wild range of structural systems requiring elaborate dynamical analysis, divers of them are still lacking profound calculation procedure.The reviewed systems are herein categorized in two groups: 1) multibody systems having additional controlling and stabilizing elements and 2) systems undergoing large deformation, and instability phenomena. The article will pan out about the applicable joint types, some of them involving friction and damping effects. For a better outline, simplified analysis of elementary segments of some reviewed systems is annexed.</abstract>

Institute of Civil Engineering, Ybl Miklos Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Szent Istvan University, Budapest, Hungary

Institute of Scientific Computing, TU Braunschweig, Germany

Laboratory of Mechanics and Technology, Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan, France

Overview of Highly Flexible, Deployable Lattice Structures Used in Architecture and Civil Engineering Undergoing Large Displacements

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The Concrete Canoe Competition has been organized second time in Hungary in 2013. The main point of the competition is to design and create a floating concrete object with specified dimensions, which does not contain statically rigid frame. A speed-trial is also part of the contest. The team of Szent István University, Ybl Miklós Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering attended both the first (2012) and the second (2013) competition. In both years the main part of designing and creation of the canoe was under the direction of employees of Building Materials division of the Insitute. Building a concrete canoe proved to be a complex challenge. Knowledge of different engineering fields was required to solve the task - questions about material properties, hydrodynamics, statics, technologies were needed to be solved. Present paper introduces the authors’ experience, investigations, and means of realization of the concrete canoe.</abstract>

CONCRETE CANOE: A COMPLEX CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The widespread application of artificial intelligence is not the realm of utopias or science fiction any more. It is gradually entering practically all walks of life from science and technology to fine arts. It is most likely that architecture will neither escape this penetration in the near future. Moreover, besides some disturbing consequences, it will also reveal fundamentally new opportunities for the discipline/profession. It is up to us to decide what attitude we adopt towards it, but it is clear that this development should have profound consequences in the education of future architects, too. The paper focuses on the creative core (i.e. design) of architecture. The aims are to assess the changes and to raise awareness to these possible changes.
</abstract>

Artificial Intelligence and Architecture Towards a New Paradigm

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>This paper shows the in situ analysis of a primary settling tank (PST) at the Graz Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (500 000 PE). The study aims at the deeper understanding of primary settling tanks behaviour by measurement of flow pattern within the tank and suspended solids (SS) separation.Measurement campaigns were carried out at different surface overflow rates (a main measure of PST load), that ranged from low to even higher values than recommended ones by design guidelines. During the measurements the inflowing and outflowing SS concentrations and loads were registered on-line. The flow pattern (3D velocity measurements, turbulence characteristics) was measured by using Acoustic - Doppler - Velocimetry (ADV) in raster [1]. The settling function was carried out by laboratory test at Budapest Central Wastewater Treatment Plant, which was investigated at representative concentration of PST.The measurements provided detailed insight into the flow and mass transport processes within the PST and valuable calibration and verification data for further CFD modelling.</abstract>

Melyepterv Komplex Engineering, Budapest, Hungary

Novel Measurements in Primary Settling Tanks of Large Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>One of the major causes of delays in construction sites belongs to the delays in delivering materials. This paper introduces the integrated Building Information Modelling (BIM) model combined with a supply chain and a controlling system, along with its efficiency for alleviating the negative effects of delays caused by a lack of materials on construction sites. So, firstly the concept of feed-forward control is discussed as a prevention feature in a monitoring system. Then the integrating BIM model with a supply chain is introduced. Finally this case study has shown how the enhanced BIM model can incorporate the feed-forward control in order to decrease the risks of delays caused by a lack of materials in construction. Moreover, this case study might be used as a decision support system for managers to prevent a construction site from future delays by providing valuable information about the required materials in advanced</abstract>

School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington NSW 2052, Australia

National Information and Communications Technology Australia (NICTA), Sydney, Australia

School of Computer Science Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington NSW 2052, Australia

INTEGRATED BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) WITH SUPPLY CHAIN AND FEED-FORWARD CONTROL

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> This paper aims to examine whether there is a direct relationship between spatial configuration and users’ behaviors in co-working spaces, and if so, how this environment and behavior relationship impacts their working process. The study employed ethnographic qualitative strategy as the general method of inquiry and used visual documentation, direct observations, and behavioral mapping as methods of data collection in two case studies. Analysis of the findings demonstrates that design elements such as barriers and fields are powerful tools for influencing and guiding users’ behavior within coworking spaces. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between design and behavioral patterns in co-working spaces. The research insights in this study may inform architects, policymakers and facility managers in making conscious decisions on the design of co-working spaces that are more meaningful to the users.</abstract>

Spatial Configuration and Users’ Behavior in Co-Working Spaces

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Vaults are among the oldest known engineering structures, and have escorted the history of architecture through thousands of years. Nowadays, construction industry rarely uses them, and doesn’t consider them as a general option to be used for floorslab structures, although they offer several opportunities. The presentation aims to re-introduce vaults into everyday usage, emphasizing their efficient shape, building technology and aesthetic values.
The following aspects are featured in the paper: 
<list list-type="simple">
<list-item>-mathematical definition of vaults,</list-item>
<list-item>-main technical terms considering vault constructions,</list-item>
<list-item>-main features of the statics of vaults,</list-item>
<list-item>-connection of the force-trajectory and the central core,</list-item>
<list-item>-importance of shape for ideal material distribution,</list-item>
<list-item>-a proposal for a contemporary floorslab structure featuring beams and narrow vaultzones,</list-item>
<list-item>-pros and cons of the proposed floorslab structure</list-item>
</list>

</abstract>

A Proposal for Utilization of Vaults as Floor-slab Structures in Contemporary Architecture

maria.bostenaru-dan@alumni.uni-karlsruhe.de

Heritage in Transylvania: Keleti Béla’s Small Art Nouveau building in Târgu Mureş

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Everything in the world is about risk, from individual decisions to global manipulations, which is of fundamental importance in a nuclear power plant environment. The question is whether, in a given situation, this risk is acceptable or no longer acceptable. In some respects, the risk analysis applied to construction projects differs from the risk analysis applied to nuclear installations. For nuclear installations, the risk as such is primarily nuclear risk. In view of this, for investments involving a nuclear installation, the risk analysis to be carried out must be carried out at two separate levels. The first level is the traditional construction risk analysis, and then as a second level, each risk item should be classified from a nuclear risk point of view. In this study, the nuclear exposure of construction risks will be presented.
</abstract>

Review of Construction Risks in a Nuclear Power Plant Environment

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Modelling concrete columns confined with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) using finite element (FEM) analysis is a difficult task due to the need for precise definition of material and interaction parameters. The inclusion of FRP confinement in composites introduces complexities in representing the volumetric behavior of concrete under triaxle stress conditions. The behavior of confined concrete differs from that of non-confined concrete due to the passive nature of FRP confinement, requiring consideration of flow rules, damage parameters, strain hardening/softening constitutive relationships, and a pressure-dependent yield criterion. This project aims to address these challenges by proposing a modified plastic damage model, a concrete dilation model, and a new set of concrete hardening/softening rules using the advanced FE program ABAQUS CAE. The FE model’s strengths and limitations are evaluated by comparing it with experimental results from this project, as well as other findings from literature, including both experimental and analytical studies.
</abstract>

3D Finite Element Modelling of FRP Confined Concrete Column

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Environmental education is not aligning with the sustainability and educational needs of the 21st century. Design-based learning emerges as a viable solution, fostering problem-solving and experiential learning in the environment. With its constructivist approach, it has the potential to improve environmental literacy across diverse social contexts. This research explores the use of research by design and design-based learning to develop extracurricular programs in schools in Brazil and Hungary. The analytical framework is developed through a literature review and systematic case analysis. The program’s objective is to engage the school community in redesigning their environment, following the design-based instruction framework, and incorporating the community’s context and landscape architecture and design principles. Program efficacy will be assessed through participant production, outcome analysis, observation, surveys, and performance on the design activities. The findings will contribute to understanding and evaluating program effectiveness in improving environmental education.
</abstract>

Researching By Design: Methodologies to Explore Design-Based Instruction for Youth Resilience to Environmental Challenges

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Design methods must also be improved in order to reduce energy costs and environmental impact. When designing pile foundations, the costs and environmental impact of construction are far from being irrelevant.
At present, the most widely accepted method for determining the load capacity is the pile load test, which is considered the most realistic result, and therefore great emphasis should be placed on ensuring that these are evaluated as effectively as possible. By replacing the pile load test, its environmental impact and cost could be avoided. The aim of our research is to estimate a mathematical function that, from the wide range of soil physical and/or mechanical parameters, gives a formula that can be used to plot the curve without the need to produce a pile load test. By showing the relationship between different soil parameters and load capacities. In order for this to be possible later with a new theory, we examined the feasibility of this by evaluating the results of several measurements.
Climate change will also bring a transformation in the course of planning, because there may be changes in the load capacity on the soil and the use of materials. Soil composition and structure will also be affected by warming. The environmental impact of building materials and increased costs demands also bring about changes in the design of pile foundations.
</abstract>

Institute of Civil Engineering, Ybl Miklós Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Óbuda University

Energy and Environmental Load Reduction, Optimization on Pile Foundation Design

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The world’s habitat is being deteriorated despite of the precautions taken. Construction industry is among the industries which highly effect the environment adversely not only through its outputs but also through the construction process and its inputs. The main focus in dealing with the reduction of its footprint has been on sustainable building certificates which mainly analyse the output of the construction activies. There is need to analyse the construction supply chain as a whole and to embed sustainability dynamics in construction supply chain management. Lean construction project management contributes to the reduction of the environmental footprint of the construction industry, enabling reduction in waste, and increasing value added activities. For this reason, based on an in depth literature review, this paper analyses and establishes the principles of the integration of the sustainability dynamics into lean construction supply chain management.</abstract>

Embending Sustainability Dynamics in the Lean Construction Supply Chain Management

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>There is a growing concern that the sustainability of our built environment is being endangered, due to the uncontrolled and massive use of non-renewable natural resources in the production of structural concrete that is used for the construction of her infrastructure. Alternative material resources are being discovered through myriads of research efforts to address this concern. One of such alternative materials is the wood waste material. This paper presents a comprehensive review of properties, structural behaviour and application potentials of concrete containing wood waste, either in form of saw dust ash (SDA) as partial replacement of cement, or saw dust as partial replacement of fine aggregates, or wood aggregates as partial replacement of coarse aggregates. The results of the review showed that, (i) with appropriate mix design, wood waste, either in the form of saw dust ash, or wood aggregate, or saw dust; can be incorporated into the concrete mix to develop structural concrete that satisfies codes requirements, provided the replacement is not above 20%,.and (ii) concrete incorporating SDA has good durability properties against most of the process of deterioration encountered by concrete in service life. Thus, the use of saw dust waste in concrete will enhance sustainable structural and constructional practices.</abstract>

A Review of the Properties, Structural Characteristics and Application Potentials of Concrete Containing Wood Waste as Partial Replacement of one of its Constituent Material

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The nature of 3D ability is deeply considered, but little is known about students’ learning and understandings of technology and about the meaning to become more technologically capable. We considered the spatial intelligence of first-grade engineering students, how much that improved to the effect of 18 times 45 minutes course of computer-aided 3D modeling. We consider the success of our 3D course in spatial intelligence. According to the result of the tests, one-third of the engineer candidates has good spatial intelligence. We introduce some useful problems in 3D education; the presented problems help the students in learning how to solve technology problems, and how to design objects. We offer the intellectual pleasure of problem solving through 3D problems. Our CAD course excellently improves the spatial skills of the middle third of the students. Computer-aided 3D modeling also bridges the gap for students with worse spatial ability. Dealing with students in a more differentiated way about CAD modeling would be advisable.</abstract>

The CAD 3D course improves students’ spatial skills in the technology and design education

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Regarding the aspects of climate policy, the building sector in Hungary is one of the best performing industries. This means that the GHGs (Greenhouse Gasses) the sector emits can be decreased more effectively and at less cost than in the case of other sectors. This is no surprise in the European Union, since there is a continual demand on behalf of society to develop old and outdated buildings, thus modern technological solutions also inherently result in operating efficacy. The ‘climate policy targeted’ development of the built environment based on EU funds is thus one of the most popular developments amongst European Union Member States. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to assess the climate policy effects of the presently preferred strategy approach(es) between 2020 and 2030.</abstract>

Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Climate Change Economic Research Centre, Szent István University, 1. Páter Károly Street, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary

Low-carbon Building Innovation Trends and Policy Pespectives in Hungary between 2020 and 2030

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The adaptation of the forms and phenomena of nature is not a recent concept. Observation of natural mechanisms has been a primary source of innovation since prehistoric ages, which can be perceived through the history of architecture. Currently, this idea is coming to the front again through sustainable architecture and adaptive design. Investigating natural innovations and the clear-outness of evolution during the 20th century led to the creation of a separate scientific discipline, Bionics. Architecture and Bionics are strongly related to each other, since the act of building is as old as the human civilization - moreover its first formal and structural source was obviously the surrounding environment. Present paper discusses the definition of Bionics and its connection with the architecture.</abstract>

Bionics in architecture

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> In the case of economic and social wealth, it is strategically essential to provide reliable energy sources which are available in long-term. Setting an energy network which suits the sustainable criteria might take a long time. Therefore, it is important to make decisions on the energy sector in advance. The Hungarian National Energy strategy elaborated on certain scenarios towards 2030, which describe the possible electricity generation opportunities up to 2020 and 2030. For 2020, there is already an accurate recommendation, but in case of the 2030 targets, there are several ways for innovation. Out of all, the realization of the “Nuclear-Carbon-Green” scenario seems most likely to be implemented. It implies the obvious involvement of nuclear energy potential development in the future strategies. Considering this trend, the present study divides the mentioned strategy into “Nuclear-Carbon” and “Nuclear-Green” scenarios to compare their long-term efficiency by economic means.</abstract>

Climate Change Economics Research Centre, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary

Department of Operations Management and Logistics, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary

The Cost-Benefit Relations of the Future Environmental Related Developments Strategies in the Hungarian Energy Sector

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YBL Journal of Built Environment

The Journal of Szent István University, Ybl Miklós Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering

 "Ybl Journal of Built Environment” is an international scientific journal published by the Óbuda University, edited by Ybl Miklós Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Budapest. It aims...

 "Ybl Journal of Built Environment” is an international scientific journal published by the Óbuda University, edited by Ybl Miklós Faculty of Architecture...

YBL Journal of Built Environment

The Journal of Szent István University, Ybl Miklós Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Tutti i volumi ed i numeri in questa rivista