<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Flora of the southern part of Kosovo has previously been studied in a limited way due to the difficult terrain and the fact that up to the 1990s it was a military area. In this paper we report <italic>Galanthus elwesii</italic> Hook for the first time from Kosovo. This species is found in different habitats, mainly in siliceous substrate or wet meadows of the Dragash Municipality, South Kosovo. This species was collected in the Vraça Mountains, near Restelica, (part of National Park ‘Sharri’) on the road leading to the border with Macedonia. The study area consists of territories belonging to the phytogeographic system Skardon-Pindik (Sharri-Pindi) and includes the mountain ranges of Sharri. This research comprises the presence, description, spread and mapping of the species.</abstract>

<italic>Galanthus elwesii</italic> Hook (Amaryllidaceae) in the flora of Kosovo

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The Atlas of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of Slovenia (Verovnik et al. 2012) treats 179 butterfly species whose occurrence in Slovenia is confirmed, and 24 species for which only unconfirmed data exist. By the end of 2011, 212.936 distribution records by 167 contributing authors were collected for the Atlas. The Digital database of butterflies of the Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology of the Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts was not considered in the process of collecting the data for the Atlas. This database contains 30.630 distribution records for butterfly species found in Slovenia from research projects undertaken by the Institute from 1995 to date. Given that this rich data source was not included in the Atlas, I here provide a supplement to the existing Atlas, reporting 1529 new records for 140 butterfly species. These updates provide new areas or range limits for 14 species, the presence of 71 species in areas the Atlas designated as “white spots”, new information on 3 species with very limited distribution in Slovenia, and additional corroboration for distribution of 27 species that the Atlas covered.</abstract>

SUPPLEMENTS TO THE ATLAS OF BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: RHOPALOCERA) OF SLOVENIA

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Changes of species composition, plant community strategy and functional response trait turnover were studied in a succession from dry pastures to a forest community (oak-hornbeam forests). The following question was asked: are functional response traits and plant community strategies indicators of TAA (time since agricultural land use abandonment), thus of a specific succession stage.Indirect gradient analysis (DCA) was used in order to observe the position of the relevés along the axis and to correlate it with TAA. It was found that the position of relevés on DCA axis 1 is our proxy for TAA. Correlations (Spearman’s <italic>rho</italic>) between the occurrence of plant functional traits and TAA were performed.Low-growing herb species with scleromorphic leaves and green or red flowers are the predominant plant type on grassland areas, while plant species with digitate, hydro or mesomorphic leaves and white flowers typically prevail in forest. The proportion of chamaephytes increases immediately after land abandonment (afforestation). In a closed forest stand, there are many more herb species with vegetative propagation (bulbils). Herbal species in those stands most often reward pollinators with pollen. The ecological strategy of the entire plant community changes with spontaneous afforestation. On grassland, stress-tolerant species are dominant. After 10 years, the community is defined as CS and after 200 years as a community with a C-CS strategy.</abstract>

Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia./University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska cesta 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia.

Functional Response TRAITS and Plant Community Strategy Indicate the Stage of Secondary Succession

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Sixteen endemic plant taxa were selected from Kosovo, according to the IUCN standards and for each taxon the risk assessment and threat category has been assigned. The taxa were compared with their previous status from fifteen years ago. From sixteen plant taxa, which were included in this work, four are Balkan endemics, whereas, eight of them are local endemics and four of the taxa are stenoendemics. Six of the taxa are grown exclusively on serpentine soils, five of them on limestone substrate, four of them in carbonate substrate, yet only one in silicate substrate. The work has been done based on the standard working methodologies of the IUCN (Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria – Version 8.1). The most threatened plant taxa is <italic>Solenanthus krasniqii</italic> – which after its observance has only 20 mature individuals. As a result of the wild collection of the medicinal and aromatic plants, from the local population, <italic>Sideritis scardica</italic> is about to be completely go extinct. The aim of this study was to assess the state of endemics in the threats possessed to them during the previous times, present and predicting the trends for the upcoming years.</abstract>

Conservation assessment of the endemic plants from Kosovo

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><italic>Cladium mariscus</italic> (L.) Pohl (Cyperaceae) is a rare species in Europe considered by several authors to be a relict of the early Holocene period. It is listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, Annexes of the Habitat Directive and the Bern Convention. Communities with domination of this species are included in the Green Data Book of Ukraine. Substantial differences in major ecological factors for <italic>Cladium mariscus</italic> communities in the western (carbonate bogs) and the southern (marshes and floating swamps of the northern Black Sea) regions of Ukraine were shown. The author carried out comparisons of relevés characterizing different communities with <italic>Cladium mariscus</italic> within Europe. Based on the results of TWINSPAN analysis, four associations were identified, confirmed by floristic indices and ecological data: <italic>Cladietum marisci</italic> Allorge 1921, <italic>Soncho maritimi-Cladietum marisci</italic> (Br.-Bl. &amp; O. de Bolòs 1957) Cirujano 1980, <italic>Dorycnio recti-Cladietum marisci</italic> Gradstein &amp; Smittenberg 1977 and <italic>Junco maritimi-Cladietum marisci</italic> (Br.-Bl. &amp; O. de Bolòs 1957) Géhu &amp; Biondi 1988. Thus, in addition to the association <italic>Cladietum marisci</italic>, a new one was indicated for Ukraine, <italic>Junco maritimi-Cladietum marisci</italic>.</abstract>

A Mediterranean element of the vegetation: <italic>Junco maritimi-Cladietum marisci</italic> – a new association for Ukraine

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The geographic position of Bulgaria results in a variety of climatic and biogeographic influences on the country’s vegetation. We aim to describe the plant diversity of dry grasslands distributed in the transitional belt between the south-eastern European and Mediterranean biogeographic regions in SE Bulgaria, and to reveal if there are any obvious differences in soil properties, presence of life forms and chorotypes between syntaxa. The data set consists of 349 releves of vascular plants and bryophytes sampled in different semi-natural herbaceous vegetation types. By applying TWINSPAN, we classified 176 releves of dry grasslands to eight associations and one unranked community. One association and two subassociations are described here for the first time. Data on soil depth, soil moisture, soil pH, humus and total N content, numbers of different life forms and chorotypes were analysed statistically. The dry grasslands in SE Bulgaria were classified into different vegetation classes sharing the same territory: their communities present similarities in species composition and they have similar ratios of hemicryptophytes/therophytes and Euro-Asiatic/Mediterranean species. Dry grassland vegetation occupies mostly shallow and dry soils that vary slightly in pH, humus content and soil moisture between associations.</abstract>

Dry Grassland Vegetation in the Transition Zone Between two Biogeographic Regions

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<italic>Iris brandzae</italic> is one of the most threatened plant species in Romania. The current distribution of this species is very fragmented, and the population size has been reduced in the last 30 years. Information on the habitat preferences of the species has not been summarized yet. In this context, this study aimed to identify the habitat preferences of the species <italic>I. brandzae</italic> in Romania. The study was carried out in the NE (Moldova) and SE (Muntenia) regions of Romania. For the vegetation analysis, a total of 46 relevés were used. To classify the vegetation, we applied the hierarchical agglomerative clustering method, using the ß-flexible algorithm with ß = -0.25 and the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. The data were represented as mean percentage values, according to the the Braun-Blanquet scale . Relationships between floristic composition and environmental variables were analyzed with Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The vegetation analysis showed that <italic>I. brandzae</italic> grows in xerophilous, mesophilous and halophilous grasslands and ash-alpine alluvial forests. The species occurs in the communities of the <italic>Stipion lessingianae</italic> alliance, of the <italic>Festucetalia valesiacae</italic> order, mainly. The results of the CCA analysis indicate that the variation of the floristic composition of <italic>I. brandzae</italic> is influenced by the annual mean temperature (BIO1).
</abstract>

Wide habitat preference found in a rare, regional endemic species: <italic>Iris brandzae</italic> Prodán (Iridaceae Juss., subgenus Limniris, series Spuriae) in Romania

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The authors discovered a new population of <italic>Hieracium lucidum</italic> Guss., a species hitherto considered strictly endemic to Monte Gallo. Useful elements for the ecological characterisation of the new population are provided. The stretch of carbonate coastline between the Egadi Islands and the western portion of the Province of Palermo displays a very high wealth of valuable floristic elements and represents an unicum in terms of both phytogeography and ecology. Considering the extreme fragmentation of the distribution pattern of many endemic and exclusive species that characterise this district, as in the case of <italic>H. lucidum</italic>, the authors suggest upgrading the strategies to protect the local botanical heritage, going beyond the species approach and thinking on a wider territorial scale.
</abstract>

Discovering hidden treasures: unveiling a new population of the narrow endemic <italic>Hieracium lucidum</italic> Guss. (Asteraceae) on the Mounts of Palermo (NW Sicily, Italy)

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Three moss species are recorded for the first time in the Republic of North Macedonia. These are <italic>Brachytheciastrum dieckei, Kiaeria starkei</italic> and <italic>Orthotrichum schimperi.</italic> Details on records are given including distribution, georeferences and ecology.
</abstract>

Three moss novelties in the flora of North Macedonia

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Botanical surveys carried out during the last 13 years throughout central and northern Tunisia (North Africa) allow to find first national and continental N-African records of non-native taxa belonging to Bignoniaceae. The genera <italic>Catalpa</italic>, <italic>Podranea</italic>, and <italic>Tecomaria</italic> are new for N-Africa (<italic>Catalpa</italic> is new for the whole Africa). <italic>Tecomaria capensis</italic> is here considered as a naturalized alien species, whereas <italic>Campsis radicans</italic>, <italic>Catalpa bignonioides</italic>, <italic>Jacaranda mimosifolia</italic>, <italic>Podranea brycei</italic>, <italic>P. ricasoliana</italic>, and <italic>Tecoma stans</italic> are casuals. Distribution in Tunisia, phenology, and original photographs are provided for each species. A diagnostic key for Tunisian Bignoniaceae is also given. Moreover, the name <italic>Tecoma ricasoliana</italic> (basionym of <italic>Podranea ricasoliana</italic>) is lectotypified on a specimen preserved at K (isolectotypes at FI), whereas the holotype indication of the name <italic>Bignonia capensis</italic> (basionym of <italic>Tecomaria capensis</italic>), made in <italic>Flora of Tropical East Africa</italic>, is here corrected according to the Art. 9.10 of <italic>Shenzhen Code</italic> (lectotype at UPS; isolectotype, here reported for the first time, at LD).
</abstract>

The family Bignoniaceae in Tunisia, first survey including new floristic records to North Africa with nomenclatural notes

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
We conducted a phytosociological survey of pioneer shrub and shrub-wood (brushwood) communities on river banks at the contact of gravel bars and rockfall, slope debris or colluvium in the spring area of the Nadiža River, in the gorge of the Soča River between Srpenica and Kobarid (Log Čezsoški and Magozd), in the Tolminka valley, and in certain other locations in the hills of western Slovenia. We identified a successional sequence of two grey willow and hop hornbeam communities, which we classify into the associations <italic>Salicetum eleagno-appendiculatae</italic> (<italic>Salicion eleagno-daphnoidis</italic>) and <italic>Peucedano verticillari-Ostryetum carpinifoliae</italic> (<italic>Fraxino orni-Ostryion</italic>). Both are indicators of natural river banks that have not been artificially stabilized. We expanded the knowledge of hop hornbeam communities in the pre-Alpine–northern-Dinaric part of Slovenia with a description of a new association <italic>Scopolio carniolicae-Ostryetum carpinifoliae</italic>. Its sites are characterised by slightly moist soil, and its stands by a higher proportion of species of the alliance <italic>Tilio-Acerion</italic>.
</abstract>

Successional development of shrub-woody vegetation on natural river banks along certain watercourses in the Julian Alps and their foothills (western Slovenia and northeastern Italy)

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The new Checklist of hornworts (Anthocerotophyta) and liverworts (Marchantiophyta) of Slovenia within current political boundaries comprises 181 species, additional 4 subspecies and 2 varieties. Additional 5 species are denoted by a question mark since reports are considered questionable. An alphabetically arranged tabular presentation of genera, species and lower taxa shows their presence in the phytogeographical units of Slovenia. The records from the periods before and after 1958 are marked with different symbols. Each species also has a new Red List status in Slovenia. The checklist includes the data from the literature and Herbarium LJU. Annotations to selected species give a critical evaluation of the literature and herbarium data. A list of taxa that should be excluded from the flora of Slovenia, the synonyms and the used literature with floristic data not cited in this article are also added.
</abstract>

New checklist and the Red list of the hornworts (Anthocerotophyta) and liverworts (Marchantiophyta) of Slovenia

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Disturbance by biomass removal is a crucial mechanism maintaining the diversity of Palaearctic grasslands, which are unique biodiversity hotspots. The century-long traditional land use of mowing, grazing and burning, has been fundamentally changed in many parts of the Palaearctic. Due to socio-economic changes, large areas of former pastures and meadows have been abandoned, leading to a succession towards secondary scrublands or forest and the encroachment of competitor grass species, all leading to a decrease in biodiversity. Here we report the causes and consequences of the cessation of traditional grassland management regimes, provide strategies for reducing the impact of abandonment and consider these from the perspective of sustainability. We consider the possibilities for initiating sustainable management regimes in the contemporary socio-economic environment, and discuss the prospects and limitation of alternative management regimes in the conservation of grassland biodiversity. These themes are also the core topics of this Special Feature, edited by the EDGG. We hope that this Special Feature will encourage steps towards more sustainable strategies for the conservation of Palaearctic grasslands and the integration of the sustainability perspective into their conservation.</abstract>

The challenge of abandonment for the sustainable management of Palaearctic natural and semi-natural grasslands

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>Conspectus of Vegetation Syntaxa in Slovenia</title>For the first time, an overview of plant communities in Slovenia is presented according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. In total 588 associations (and some communities classified into higher syntaxa) belonging to 51 classes have been registered in Slovenia. Additionally 149 syntaxa are mentioned as registered in the field or in, the literature, but not documented with relevé material. Syntaxonomical classification is based on the "EuroChecklist" and includes also the Slovenian written definition of the high-rank syntaxa.</abstract>

Institute of Biology ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 2, SI - 1000 Ljubljana

University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI - 5000 Nova Gorica

Conspectus of Vegetation Syntaxa in Slovenia

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Palaearctic grasslands encompass a diverse variety of habitats, many of high nature value and vulnerability. The main challenges are climate-change, land-use change, agricultural intensification and abandonment. Many measures are in place to address these challenges, through restoration and appropriate management, though more work is necessary. We present eight studies from China/Germany, Greece, Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine. The papers cover a wide range of grassland and steppe habitats and cover vegetation ecology, syntaxonomy and zoology. We also conducted a systematic search on steppe and grassland diversity. The greatest number of studies was from China, followed by Germany and England. We conclude that the amount of research being carried out on Eurasian grasslands is inadequate considering their high levels of biodiversity and vulnerability. We hope to encourage readers to address current major challenges, such as how to manage grasslands for the benefit of diverse taxa, to ensure that conservation initiatives concentrate on sites where there is good potential for success and for the generation of realistic and viable conservation strategies.</abstract>

MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Egyetem sqr. 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary

Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, Poland

Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644. 48080 Bilbao, Spain

Agroecology, Department of Crop Science, Georg-August University. Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany

Department of Agro-Environmental and Territorial Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy

Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 2a), 00014, Finland

Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014, Finland

Ecology and Conservation of Steppes and Semi-Natural Grasslands

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Most semi-natural open habitats in Europe have been traditionally maintained by anthropogenic activities, such as grazing or mowing, preventing the establishment of woody vegetation. These habitats harbour a remarkably rich biodiversity in terms of both plant and animal species, but are also highly threatened, mainly by agricultural intensification and land abandonment. With this Editorial we introduce a Special Issue initiated by the European Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) at the Open Landscapes Conference (Hildesheim, 2013) and the 11th European Dry Grassland Meeting (Kulikovo Pole, 2014). We aim to give a short introduction to the current conservation status, significance and research of semi-natural open habitats in Europe and present the collected articles of the Special Issue. These papers cover a wide range of different semi-natural open habitats, including wood-pastures, heathlands, steppes, semi-dry and dry grasslands across the Palearctic region and address issues related to the assessment methods, threats, management and restoration of these habitats. We conclude that, in order to ensure their conservation and to monitor the changes in open habitats, integrative approaches are needed that take into account not only vegetation records, but also multiple animal taxa, abiotic factors, management practices, ecosystem services and modelling simulations for anticipating possible future scenarios. We also recommend that decision-makers should support actions to conserve open habitats in Europe by addressing such major challenges as the encroachment of woody vegetation. We are convinced that the present Special Issue will contribute to a better understanding of ecosystem functions and support the biodiversity conservation and management of semi-natural open habitats.</abstract>

Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, UMR-CNRS 5553, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, marta

Universite Grenoble Alpes, LECA, Grenoble, France

Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany

German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

Institute of Biology and Chemistry, University of Hildesheim, Universitatsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany

MTA -DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Egyetem sgr. 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary

Conservation Value, Management and Restoration of Europe’S Semi‑Natural Open Landscapes

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Based on floristic data and applied taxonomy there are currently 813 species and subspecies in Slovenia – 638 mosses, 173 liverworts and 2 hornworts. Based on the IUCN 3.1 criteria, which we applied to bryophytes following Hallingbäck et al. (1998), there are 164 species (20.17%) listed under threatened categories, of which 121 (18.97%) are mosses and 43 (24.57%) are liverworts; 7 of them (0.86%) are in the CR category, 83 (10.21%) in the EN category and 74 (9.10%) are listed under the VU category. There are 23 species (2.83%) in the near threatened (NT) category, while 163 species (20.05%) are data deficient (DD). The Least Concern (LC) category currently comprises 463 (56.95%) species.</abstract>

Updated Red List of bryophytes of Slovenia

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>New Dry Grassland Associations from the Ausoni-Aurunci Mountains (Central Italy) - Syntaxonomical Updating and Discussion on the Higher Rank Syntaxa</title>A phytosociological study on the most extensive dry grassland communities of the coastal limestone massif of the Ausoni-Aurunci mountains (southern Latium, central Italy) is here presented. <italic>Violo pseudogracilis-Koelerietum splendentis</italic> ass. nova is restricted to the montane belt of the Aurunci mountains where it is dynamically related to the mesophilous <italic>Ostrya carpinifolia</italic> or <italic>Fagus sylvatica</italic> woodlands. <italic>Helichryso italici-Brometum erecti</italic> ass. nova is found within the upper hilly and submontane belt of both the Ausoni mountains (typical aspect) and the Aurunci mountains (subassociation <italic>saturejetosum montanae</italic>), where it is dynamically related with termophilous <italic>Ostrya carpinifolia</italic> woods and mesophilous <italic>Quercus ilex</italic> woods. <italic>Helichryso-Brometum</italic> is differentiated from <italic>Violo-Koelerietum</italic> in that it has a higher incidence of the steno-Mediterranean therophytic component. As far as the higher rank syntaxa are concerned, in this study the following changes were made in accordance with the rules of ICPN: the name <italic>Phleo ambigui-Bromion erecti</italic> Biondi et al. 1995 was considered invalid due to the invalidity of its nomenclatural type <italic>Asperulo purpureae-Brometum erecti</italic>. In contrast, the validity of the old name <italic>Cytiso spinescentis-Bromion erecti</italic> Bonin 1978 was demonstrated and its nomenclatural type, <italic>Lavandulo-Asphodelinetum luteae</italic> Bonin 1978, was lectotypified. Thus <italic>Cytiso spinescenti-Bromion erecti</italic> Bonin 1978 henceforth substitutes <italic>Phleo ambigui-Bromion erecti</italic> (nom. inval.) as the syntaxonomical reference for the endemic alliance of the hilly and montane limestone dry grasslands of the central and southern Apennines. <italic>Cytiso-Bromion</italic> is here divided into two suballiances: <italic>Sideritidenion italicae</italic> Biondi et al. 1995, <italic>Phleo ambigui-Bromenion erecti</italic> Biondi et al. ex Di Pietro suball. nov. <italic>Cytiso-Bromion</italic> belong to the new suborder <italic>Festuco circummediterraneae-Seslerienalia nitidae</italic> (Ubaldi 2003) stat. nov. and to the order <italic>Artemisio albae-Brometalia erecti</italic> Ubaldi ex Mucina &amp; Dengler 2009. New and updated packages of characteristic and differential species for both <italic>Cytiso spinescenti-Bromion erecti</italic> and its related suballiances are proposed. Furthermore the validity of the name <italic>Astragaletum calabrici</italic> Giacomini &amp; Gentile ex Bonin 1978, was proved and the association lectotypified. This association, which was previously included in <italic>Cytiso-Bromion erecti</italic>, is moved into <italic>Koelerio brutiae-Astragalion calabrici</italic>. Finally some interesting coenological and syndynamical similarities with <italic>Scorzonero-Chrysopogonetalia</italic> western Dalmatia submediterranean dry pastures are discussed.</abstract>

New Dry Grassland Associations from the Ausoni-Aurunci Mountains (Central Italy) - Syntaxonomical Updating and Discussion on the Higher Rank Syntaxa

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Hacquetia

The Journal of Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Scientific Research Centre, Institute of Biology

 Hacquetia is a science journal bearing on Taxonomy, Floristics, Faunistic, Vegetation ecology, Biocoenology and Palynology. with a geographical focus on Southeastern Europe,...

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 Hacquetia is a science journal bearing on Taxonomy, Floristics, Faunistic, Vegetation ecology, Biocoenology and Palynology. with a...

Hacquetia

The Journal of Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Scientific Research Centre, Institute of Biology

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