The first part of this article consists of a local-authority level analysis of the structural changes currently in process in the Alps Region, which are then categorised at regional level. In simple terms this process can be described as one of ”urbanisation and depopulation”; however, the wide disparities which are evident do call for regionally specific strategies. Since transnational co-operation has been established for some ten years in the Alps with the Alpine Convention, and with the REGIONALP project initiated under EFRE Art. 10 being intended to enhance and to add concrete detail to the ESDP draft from below, the second part of this article is devoted to an examination and appraisal of the ESDP draft from the perspective of experiences gathered in the Alps. The fact that the Alpine Convention and ESDP have a good deal in common means that experience in the Alps could well provide valuable stimuli for the ESDP process.
This article describes the reconstruction of an experiment undertaken within a sociological analysis of the history of spatial planning and spatial research in Germany. This discrepancy between the tendency among members of the study group in spatial planning to lay claim to omnicompetence and the inversely proportional level of achievement which spatial planning has effected in the past – a matter which newcomers to sociology initially have some trouble comprehending – has developed increasingly into a source of irritation. It is only the more recent realisation that the intensity of this irritation can at least partly be explained by the fact that it has exposed deficits in sociology itself, albeit unwittingly, which has led to some particularly interesting insights into the effects of thinking on civilisation in spatial research and spatial planning.
Spatial planning exerts a major influence on local land-use policy, as well as co-ordinating sectoral plans at regional level.
In recent years the instance of regional planning has employed much more sharply formulated spatial-planning targets than used to be the case. In the past it used to be the sectoral plan for water management which provided the instruments to thwart demands for ever more of the floodplain to be released for development. At local-authority level there continues to be little awareness of the need for flood-protection measures to be conceived as a concern of the entire municipality, rather than concentrating solely on those areas adjacent to the main water body directly threatened by flooding.
Taking the River Lenne as an example case, a river-basin-based strategy of preventive flood protection is developed. This strategy takes account of all relevant spatial plans and is tailored to reflect the topography and settlement structures prevailing in specific sections of the river's course.
More and more companies in Germany are running into economic difficulties. Whilst consolidation for small and medium-sized enterprises have been put in place in eastern Germany both by the national government and by the Länder (the federal states) – e.g. the consolidation fund and consolidation programmes introduced in the Länder to promote co-financing, there is in western Germany no immediately apparent sigh of a coherent basis for consolidation policy to set alongside the more traditional programmes geared to promoting economic development. This is all the more surprising in the light of the fact that it is much easier, as far as financial policy is concerned, to save existing jobs than to create new ones. On the other hand, an offensive policy of consolidation has to contend with very real regulatory obstacles, which tend to create a situation in which those wielding political power prefer to adopt a policy of covert consolidation. The regulatory models and paradigms in place in the various Länder vary considerably in the detail to which they have been elaborated (and this quite independently of the colour of the party in government). Consequently, there are similarly quite striking differences in respect of both the concrete content of consolidation policies and the manner in which they are presented to the outside world.
This article discusses the potential of conjoint analysis. This method of analysis provides a means of quantifying the gains accruing to enterprises from both individual product components and from commercial sites. Analysis of this type must be preceded by and based upon a preference ranking of a number of systematically varied commercial sites. The procedure – i.e. conjoint analysis, a tool which has now been established for several years in marketing analysis – is explained with reference to a number of examples taken from commercial planning. The article also makes a plea for a more differentiated view of commercial planning; it also outlines the scope for price-based planning.
The first part of this article consists of a local-authority level analysis of the structural changes currently in process in the Alps Region, which are then categorised at regional level. In simple terms this process can be described as one of ”urbanisation and depopulation”; however, the wide disparities which are evident do call for regionally specific strategies. Since transnational co-operation has been established for some ten years in the Alps with the Alpine Convention, and with the REGIONALP project initiated under EFRE Art. 10 being intended to enhance and to add concrete detail to the ESDP draft from below, the second part of this article is devoted to an examination and appraisal of the ESDP draft from the perspective of experiences gathered in the Alps. The fact that the Alpine Convention and ESDP have a good deal in common means that experience in the Alps could well provide valuable stimuli for the ESDP process.
This article describes the reconstruction of an experiment undertaken within a sociological analysis of the history of spatial planning and spatial research in Germany. This discrepancy between the tendency among members of the study group in spatial planning to lay claim to omnicompetence and the inversely proportional level of achievement which spatial planning has effected in the past – a matter which newcomers to sociology initially have some trouble comprehending – has developed increasingly into a source of irritation. It is only the more recent realisation that the intensity of this irritation can at least partly be explained by the fact that it has exposed deficits in sociology itself, albeit unwittingly, which has led to some particularly interesting insights into the effects of thinking on civilisation in spatial research and spatial planning.
Spatial planning exerts a major influence on local land-use policy, as well as co-ordinating sectoral plans at regional level.
In recent years the instance of regional planning has employed much more sharply formulated spatial-planning targets than used to be the case. In the past it used to be the sectoral plan for water management which provided the instruments to thwart demands for ever more of the floodplain to be released for development. At local-authority level there continues to be little awareness of the need for flood-protection measures to be conceived as a concern of the entire municipality, rather than concentrating solely on those areas adjacent to the main water body directly threatened by flooding.
Taking the River Lenne as an example case, a river-basin-based strategy of preventive flood protection is developed. This strategy takes account of all relevant spatial plans and is tailored to reflect the topography and settlement structures prevailing in specific sections of the river's course.
More and more companies in Germany are running into economic difficulties. Whilst consolidation for small and medium-sized enterprises have been put in place in eastern Germany both by the national government and by the Länder (the federal states) – e.g. the consolidation fund and consolidation programmes introduced in the Länder to promote co-financing, there is in western Germany no immediately apparent sigh of a coherent basis for consolidation policy to set alongside the more traditional programmes geared to promoting economic development. This is all the more surprising in the light of the fact that it is much easier, as far as financial policy is concerned, to save existing jobs than to create new ones. On the other hand, an offensive policy of consolidation has to contend with very real regulatory obstacles, which tend to create a situation in which those wielding political power prefer to adopt a policy of covert consolidation. The regulatory models and paradigms in place in the various Länder vary considerably in the detail to which they have been elaborated (and this quite independently of the colour of the party in government). Consequently, there are similarly quite striking differences in respect of both the concrete content of consolidation policies and the manner in which they are presented to the outside world.
This article discusses the potential of conjoint analysis. This method of analysis provides a means of quantifying the gains accruing to enterprises from both individual product components and from commercial sites. Analysis of this type must be preceded by and based upon a preference ranking of a number of systematically varied commercial sites. The procedure – i.e. conjoint analysis, a tool which has now been established for several years in marketing analysis – is explained with reference to a number of examples taken from commercial planning. The article also makes a plea for a more differentiated view of commercial planning; it also outlines the scope for price-based planning.