The Journal of Poznan Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences and Adam Mickiewicz University, Institute of Linguistics

Lingua Posnaniensis

<article-title>Introduction</article-title>

{"article-title":"Introduction"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The diaphonic aspect of phonotactics as a necessary counterpart of the isophonic aspect is being subjected to investigation. A ll assumptions and definitions are exemplified with P olish language material. Having recollected and relatively precisely explained phonological terms, indispensible for the subsequent inquiry, the distinction between diacrisis and diaphony is discussed, and several useful concepts such as the diaphonotacteme, diaphonic pair, diaphonic range, diaphonotactemic length etc. are introduced. N ext some fundamental phonotactological terms are defined to which, among others, the following belong: diaphonic load, diacritic range, the diatactophoneme, diaphonic dispersion, diacritic dispersion, types of diaphony and diacrisis. A lso some problems of diaphonic paradigm and diaphonic coding are considered. Finally, a phonotactological typology within the framework of comparative phnotactology of languages is postulated</abstract>

Abstract

Institute of Linguistics Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań

Keywords

<article-title>The diaphonic aspect of phonotactics</article-title>

{"article-title":"The diaphonic aspect of phonotactics"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The increased prevalence of discourse concerning the expected end of the world was observed in various countries and manifested in various genres especially in the years 2000 and 2012. Some of the discourse was conducted in a serious manner, whereas other instances included humorous motifs and were used for commercial purposes. The aim of this paper is to take a closer look at the typical motifs prevailing in the discourse concerning the end of the world, with special emphasis on the humorous aspect - both universal and culture-specific. Texts found on Polish, German, English and Russian websites were analyzed. In the studied material, the end of the world was understood literally and broadly - in terms of extermination of the human race, eschatology - or narrowly, in terms of statistical data concerning the death of a given number of people, or even individually, referring to the imminent ending of each person’s particular world. T he metaphorical meaning of the end of the world was also used in the sense of “a commotion”, “the pressure of business”, “a mess, confusion”, and “accumulation of problems”, referring mostly to the functioning of particular institutions or lack of access to the Internet, or reviving common stereotypes.</abstract>

Institute of Polish and Cultural Studies, Opole University

<article-title>Discourse about the end of the world</article-title>

{"article-title":"Discourse about the end of the world"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> This paper presents the results of a phonetic study on the occurrence of transition elements in Polish fricative + nasal clusters. A n acoustic study was carried out using the CSL system, with simultaneous observation of the waveform, spectrograph, glottal waveform and glottal pulses. T he results reveal differences in glottal activity depending on place of articulation of the fricative and in its duration with respect to the extent of glottal vibration. Differences in the glottal activity pattern and the transition elements between the fricative and the nasal were also observed. In the fricative-nasal limit three phenomena were found: a voiceless interval, a voiced interval and the absence of any transition element. It was also observed that the occurrence and the characteristics of the transition interval depend on the place of articulation of the fricative</abstract>

<article-title>Sonority effects in the production of fricative + sonorant clusters in polish</article-title>

Sonority effects in the production of fricative + sonorant clusters in polish

{"article-title":"Sonority effects in the production of fricative + sonorant clusters in polish"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The study of speech timing, i.e. the duration and speed or tempo of speech events, has increased in importance over the past twenty years, in particular in connection with increased demands for accuracy, intelligibility and naturalness in speech technology, with applications in language teaching and testing, and with the study of speech timing patterns in language typology. H owever, the methods used in such studies are very diverse, and so far there is no accessible overview of these methods. Since the field is too broad for us to provide an exhaustive account, we have made two choices: first, to provide a framework of paradigmatic (classificatory), syntagmatic (compositional) and functional (discourse-oriented) dimensions for duration analysis; and second, to provide worked examples of a selection of methods associated primarily with these three dimensions. Some of the methods which are covered are established state-of-the-art approaches (e.g. the paradigmatic Classification and Regression Trees, CART , analysis), others are discussed in a critical light (e.g. so-called ‘rhythm metrics’). A set of syntagmatic approaches applies to the tokenisation and tree parsing of duration hierarchies, based on speech annotations, and a functional approach describes duration distributions with sociolinguistic variables. Several of the methods are supported by a new web-based software tool for analysing annotated speech data, the Time Group Analyser.</abstract>

Fakultät für Linguistik und Literaturwissenschaft, Universität Bielefeld

<article-title>Duration and speed of speech events: A selection of methods</article-title>

Duration and speed of speech events: A selection of methods

{"article-title":"Duration and speed of speech events: A selection of methods"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The first gesture produced by children before they utter their first word has the form of an extended index finger. T his gesture is often described as a prototypical pointing gesture and is regarded as a universal display of intentional communication in most explored cultures (Volterra et al. 2011; Tomasello 2007). It is interesting, however, that in many cultures, a pointing gesture realized with index finger extended is regarded as rude, especially when made by adults or by children past the age of learning to speak. T he aim of this paper is to answer some questions concerning the form and usage of pointing gestures performed by native speakers of Polish. T his paper is focused on potential determinants of the form of pointing gestures, on the Polish cultural norms for indicating people and objects, as well as on the perception of pointing gestures. T he study is based on two experiments and a survey.</abstract>

<article-title>How Poles indicate people and objects, and what they think of certain forms of pointing gestures</article-title>

How Poles indicate people and objects, and what they think of certain forms of pointing gestures

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> In the present text, some recent changes in the perspective taken by psycholinguists in the study of language and communication are discussed. T heir interests seem to gradually shift from the study of language processing as an isolated and independent phenomenon towards inclusion of more interactional factors being indispensable components of interpersonal communication and involved in the process of communicative alignment. Alignment is here understood as a complex phenomenon that goes beyond increasing similarity of mental representations and related communicative behaviour. It simultaneously occurs on many levels and in various modalities, including those traditionally excluded from language study. A s a consequence, it implies not only more flexibility in the study of interpersonal communication but it also means a shift in the psycholinguistic methodology and probably also in the widely accepted picture of language and its limits.</abstract>

Institute of Linguistics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań

<article-title>New challenges in psycholinguistics: Interactivity and alignment in interpersonal communication</article-title>

New challenges in psycholinguistics: Interactivity and alignment in interpersonal communication

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> This paper discusses the subject of pronunciation visualization, based on methodologies in experimental phonetics. It presents a brief survey of major Polish instrumental research into articulation, focusing primarily on contemporary dynamic visualizations using electromagnetic articulography. The author’s own investigations were conducted using an AG 500 articulograph, a device which records and visualizes the working and movement of the articulatory organs. Two speakers were recorded: one with standard pronunciation and the other with articulation defects. A multi-specialist team prepared vocal tract models, taking into account the speaker’s anatomical conditions as recorded with the articulograph, video recordings, and photographs. Articulographic data enabled the preparation of pronunciation animations of 45 words, which show the standard realization of all vowels and consonants of Polish, and eight animations of non-standard articulation.</abstract>

Department of Logopedics and Applied Linguistics, UMCS in Lublin

<article-title>Polish pronunciation animations developed on the basis of electromagnetic articulography</article-title>

Polish pronunciation animations developed on the basis of electromagnetic articulography

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>For the past two decades, research on first language acquisition on the one side, and on second language acquisition and learning on the other have largely developed separately, probably as a reaction to the failure of earlier attempts to use the same methods or simply transfer insights gained in one of the fields to the other. T his article argues that a reconciliation may be fruitful, provided that different aspects which have often got blurred in the discussion are considered separately. These aspects include the assessment of multilingualism and monolingualism, the age factor and the definition of “first” and “second” language, the understanding of linguistic competence and of completeness of acquisition, different forms of acquisition and learning, and uniformity vs. individual differences in the process of language acquisition. By challenging some widely held views on characteristics of first language acquisition and its differences to second language learning, more fine-grained research questions are revealed, some of which have been addressed in recent studies on language acquisition and multilingualism</abstract>

<article-title>First and second language acquisition: Towards a reconcillation</article-title>

First and second language acquisition: Towards a reconcillation

{"article-title":"First and second language acquisition: Towards a reconcillation"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The present paper is an overview of selected investigations into acquisition of second language phonology (L2).1 It describes L2 phonology researchers’ attempts to determine the number, quantity, quality and roles of the factors which shape the pronunciation of L2 adult speakers, i.e. what is the influence of native language limitation, how the L2 phonology acquisition is governed by universal linguistic features, and whether adults use the same processes in acquiring the L2 that are used by children when they acquire their first language. This article will describe a number of longstanding phonetic and phonological projects whose aim was to discover patterns in the improvement of pronunciation in a second language (see research by Archibald, Broselow, Eckman, Flege, Hancin-Bhatt, Major and Weinberger, published in numerous compilations). It strives to explain the universal stages in the development of second language phonology. The main goal of the research is to assess the grammatical knowledge of the L2 learner, i.e. their competence in their interlanguage. The analyses show typological disproportions and universality of the strategies applied by the speakers in the target language. A few important hypotheses have been established (see below for their description), but it is important to note that most of the results verifying these hypotheses concern the acquisition of the English language, with a variable being the “input” languages of the speakers. Although this unilateral focus of the research projects reflects the expansion of the English language as the lingua franca of modern times, it might severely limit understanding of the important and interesting aspects of second language acquisition which structurally do not apply to that language, and are consequently overlooked.</abstract>

Department of Polish Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies

<article-title>Factors influencing the pronunciation of adult speakers of a foreign language</article-title>

Factors influencing the pronunciation of adult speakers of a foreign language

{"article-title":"Factors influencing the pronunciation of adult speakers of a foreign language"}

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<DIV align=left> <UL> <LI>International journal published by the The Poznań Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences and the Institute of Linguistics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland; <LI>Established in 1949; <LI>Focuses on general, comparative and historical linguistics; <LI>Publishes original research articles, review articles and book reviews in English; <LI>Double-blind peer review; <LI>The journal does not have article processing charges nor article submission charges.</LI></UL> Why subscribe and read <UL> <LI>Current research in general, comparative and historical linguistics; </LI> <LI>Comprehensive picture of linguistic theories and interdisciplinary studies of language; </LI> <LI>Dialog between both renowned and young scholars; </LI> <LI>No particular theories or trends favoured; </LI></UL> Archiving Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in <A href="https://www.portico.org/">Portico</A> - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections. Plagiarism Policy The editorial board is participating in a growing community of <A href="https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/">Similarity Check System's</A> users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. </DIV>

Editor-in-chief Władysław Zabrocki Thematic Editor Leszek Bednarczuk Nicole Nau Krzysztof Stroński Executive editor Marcin Michalski Language Editors Michael Farris Stefan Wiertlewski Secretary Szymon Grzelak Members Wiesław Awedyk Tadeusz Batóg Andrzej Bogusławski Vit Bubenik Eystein Dahl Jacek Fisiak Armin Hetzer Henryk Jankowski Ronald Kim Tomasz Krzeszowski Leonid Kulikov Henrik Liljegren Witold Mańczak Terumasa Oshiro Dennis R. Preston Gábor Takács Boris Zakharyin Tadeusz Zgółka Former Editors-in-chief Ludwik Zabrocki, Jerzy Bańczerowski Contact Marcin Michalski, <A href="mailto:linguapo@amu.edu.pl">linguapo@amu.edu.pl</A> Lingua Posnaniensis Institute of Linguisctics Adam MIckiewiz University Al Niepodleglosci 4 61-874 Poznan <A href="mailto:linguapo@amu.edu.pl">linguapo@amu.edu.pl</A> Publisher De Gruyter Poland Bogumiła Zuga 32A Str. 01-811 Warsaw, Poland

<DIV align=left> Instruction for Authors <UL> <LI>Lingua Posnaniensis publishes articles, book-reviews and review-articles in English. </LI> <LI>The manuscript shall be submitted: by e-mail to <A href="mailto:linguapo@amu.edu.pl">linguapo@amu.edu.pl</A> in Microsoft for Windows and in a PDF. </LI> <LI>The manuscipt shall be anonymous and all identyfying features shall be removed from the paper. </LI> <LI>Authors are requested to mention their name, contact address and affiliation only in the body of the e-mail. </LI> <LI>The style sheet is available <A href="https://sciendo-parsed-data-feed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/LINPO/Generic_Style_Rules.pdf">here</A>. </LI></UL> Open Access Statement The journal is an Open Access journal that allows a free unlimited access to all its contents without any restrictions upon publication to all users. <A href="https://sciendo-parsed-data-feed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/LINPO/Open_Access_License.pdf">Open Access License</A> </DIV>

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Volume 56 (2014): Issue 1 (June 2014) Special Issue Title: Studies in Phonetics and Psycholinguistics Special issue dedicated to Professor Piotra Łobacz, Issue Editors: Maciej Karpiński, Nawoja Mikołajczak-Matyja

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Volume 56 (2014): Issue 1 (June 2014)
Special Issue Title: Studies in Phonetics and Psycholinguistics Special issue dedicated to Professor Piotra Łobacz, Issue Editors: Maciej Karpiński, Nawoja Mikołajczak-Matyja

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Volume 56 (2014): Issue 1 (June 2014)Special Issue Title: Studies in Phonetics and Psycholinguistics Special issue dedicated to Professor Piotra Łobacz, Issue Editors: Maciej Karpiński, Nawoja Mikołajczak-Matyja

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Volume 56 (2014): Issue 1 (June 2014)
Special Issue Title: Studies in Phonetics and Psycholinguistics Special issue dedicated to Professor Piotra Łobacz, Issue Editors: Maciej Karpiński, Nawoja Mikołajczak-Matyja