Formerly: Beitr��ge zur Tabakforschung International

Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research

Contributions to Tob. Res. ONL

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The mass spectra of the tobacco alkaloid - derived nitrosamines NNN, NNK, NNA, NAB and NAtB and of known mammalian metabolites of NNN and NNK are presented. Mass spectra of synthetic derivatives related to these nitrosamines and their metabolites are also included. These spectra will be useful in studies on the occurrence and metabolism of the tobacco alkaloid - derived nitrosamines and in investigations of other compounds related to the tobacco alkaloids. </abstract>

Abstract

Naylor Dana Institute for Disease Prevention, American Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York, U.S.A.

<article-title>Mass Spectra of Tobacco Alkaloid - Derived Nitrosamines, their Metabolites, and Related Compounds</article-title>

Mass Spectra of Tobacco Alkaloid - Derived Nitrosamines, their Metabolites, and Related Compounds

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The nitrogen analogues of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (aza-arenes) were isolated and identified in a basic fraction of cigarette smoke condensate. Silicic acid chromatography removed the predominant nicotine alkaloids, while gel chromatography on Bio-Beads S-X12 in benzene effectively separated the aza-arenes from interfering aliphatic compounds. In addition, the gel columns separated the aza-arenes by ring number and degree of alkylation on the basis of an adsorption-type mechanism. These gel characteristics facilitated the identifications of a large number of isomeric aza-arenes. Compounds identified included 2-vinylpyridine, 3-vinylpyridine and 2-phenylpyridine as well as quinoline, isoquinoline, 4-azafluorene, benzoquinolines, benzoisoquinolines, 1-azafluoranthene, 7-azafluoranthene, 4-aza-pyrene, 7- azaindole, pyrroloquinoline and their mono-, di- and trimethyl derivatives. All eight possible isomers of benzoquinoline and benzoisoquinoline were found, four of which are being reported for the first time. Evidence was also found for the probable presence of 5,6-benzo-7-azaindole. </abstract>

Tobacco and Health Laboratory, Science and Education Administration I Agricultural Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, U. S. A.

<article-title>Isolation and ldentification of Aza-Arenes of Tobacco Smoke</article-title>

Isolation and ldentification of Aza-Arenes of Tobacco Smoke

{"article-title":"Isolation and ldentification of Aza-Arenes of Tobacco Smoke"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> In this paper, thermal analyses (thermogravimetry, TG: derivative thermogravimetry, DTG: differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) of the tobacco char left after pyrolysis of tobacco shreds were carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere containing given amounts of oxygen under a linear heating or an isothermal condition. The principal object of the present work is to obtain apparent kinetic parameters useful in predicting the overall rate of the tobacco char - oxygen reaction. The TG-DTG-DSC curves obtained under linear heating conditions showed that the oxidation process of the tobacco char apparently consisted of two main steps ( I and II), which were independent of each other. Assuming that a uniform reaction model based on reaction rate - determined processes could be applied to the tobacco char - oxygen reactions in both steps, the oxidation rates for both steps were determined. The results showed that the oxidation rates of both steps could be expressed as:<inline-formula><alternatives><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/Untitled-1.jpg"/></alternatives></inline-formula>The values of activation energies, E, and pre-exponential factors, Z, for the oxidation reactions in steps I and II were found to be 19-21, 33-40 kcal/mol and 5.9 × 105-5.7x 106, 5.5 × 109 4.5 × 1011/ min atm1/2, respectively. NomenclatureAs reactant (solid phase, tobacco char) E activation energy [kcal mol-1, 1 cal = 4.184 J] po2,∞ ambient oxygen partial pressure [atm, 1 atm = 1.013 × 105 Pa] R gas constant [ 1.98 cal mol-1 K-1]T temperature [K] t time [min] W weight loss of tobacco char up to time, t, or temperature, T [mg] Wc weight loss of tobacco char at completion of reaction [mg] Z pre-exponential factor [min-1 atm-m] a fraction of As decomposed at time, t, defined by a = W/Wc</abstract>

Central Research Institute, The Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation, Yokohama, Japan

<article-title>Kinetics of Oxidation of Tobacco Char</article-title>

{"article-title":"Kinetics of Oxidation of Tobacco Char"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> It should be emphasized that the major conclusion of this paper is not that any particular parameter is linear on any particular scale, but that there are highly significant differences in slope, intercept and perhaps even linearity between brand groups and even brands within groups. In fact, although several brands do seem to be adequately linear on either arithmetic or logarithmic scales they very clearly do behave differently from each other. There is also quite strong evidence that condensate and nicotine are not linear on the same scale, with condensate being approximately linear on the logarithmic scale and nicotine approximately linear on the arithmetic scale. On the basis of the above it is quite clear that the ranking of brands on the basis of measured value of any parameter will depend strongly on the butt length at which the parameter was measured. It is therefore apparent that international comparison of deliveries requires redetermination of deliveries at the new butt length standard rather than mathematical manipulation using a single functional relationship. The form of a suitable functional relationship for HCN cannot be ascertained from the present study and will require additional experimentation. The statistical design and analysis proved worthwhile in model discrimination for the other three parameters. </abstract>

Departmtnt of Statistics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canad

Labstat Incorporated, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada

<article-title>A Study of Chemical Deliveries as a Function of Cigarette Butt Length</article-title>

A Study of Chemical Deliveries as a Function of Cigarette Butt Length

{"article-title":"A Study of Chemical Deliveries as a Function of Cigarette Butt Length"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The construction and functioning of an apparatus to determine the burning time of cigarette paper is described. The apparatus makes it possible to rapidly and accurately determine the burning time and burning velocity of cigarette paper. </abstract>

Research and Development of Douwe Egberts, Utrecht, The Netherlands

<article-title>Apparatus for the Determination of the Burning Velocity of Cigarette Paper</article-title>

Apparatus for the Determination of the Burning Velocity of Cigarette Paper

{"article-title":"Apparatus for the Determination of the Burning Velocity of Cigarette Paper"}

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The Oriental tobacco variety Izmir has been grown in sand culture in a greenhouse under various degrees of water stress. Plants given 400 cm3 of water (or nutrient solution) twice a week produced leaves of approximately the same size as field-grown Izmir tobacco, but they were somewhat taller. Plants given 25 cm3 or less of water twice a week died, and those given more than 400 cm3 of water twice a week grew larger than field-grown Izmir tobacco. At 49 days after transplanting, the total leaf area per plant was approximately proportional to the amount of water supplied, at least in the range 100-1600 cm3. In a second water stress experiment, the growth patterns of the varieties Amarelinho and Palotina, which are not normally grown in conditions of water stress, were found to be different from that of Izmir. Izmir was more tolerant of water stress than the other two varieties, in that complete (but small) plants developed in a shorter time. </abstract>

Group Research and Development Centre, British-American Tobacco Co. Ltd., Southampton, England

<article-title>The Effect of Water Supply on the Growth of lzmir, Palotina and Amarelinho Tobaccos</article-title>

The Effect of Water Supply on the Growth of lzmir, Palotina and Amarelinho Tobaccos

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The composition of the wax layer of some flue-cured tobaccos that were grown under the same conditions in the U. S. A., Brazil and Germany was examined by means of GC and GC/MS. The total amount of wax layer (referring to fresh weight) is significantly influenced neither by the genotype nor by environmental factors. The content of diterpenes, on the other hand, is controlled both genetically and by environmental factors, as it was possible to show taking a- and b-4,8,13-duvatrien-1,3-diol and 4,8,13-duvatrien-1-ol. The concentration of compounds such as norsolandion and nicotine appears to be affected to a great extent or exclusively by environmental factors. </abstract>

Forschung und Entwicklung, BAT Cigaretten-Fabriken GmbH, Hamburg

<article-title>Influence of Genotype and Environment on the Diterpenes in the Wax Layer of Some Flue-cured Tobaccos/Einfluss von Genotyp und Umwelt auf die Diterpene in der Wachsschicht einiger „flue-cured“–Tabake</article-title>

Influence of Genotype and Environment on the Diterpenes in the Wax Layer of Some Flue-cured Tobaccos/Einfluss von Genotyp und Umwelt auf die Diterpene in der Wachsschicht einiger „flue-cured“–Tabake

Contributions to Tobacco and Nicotine Research is covered by the following services: <ul> <li> Baidu Scholar </li> <li> Biobase </li> <li> CABI (over 50 subsections) </li> <li> Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) - CAplus </li> <li> Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) - SciFinder </li> <li> CNKI Scholar (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) </li> <li> CNPIEC - cnpLINKer </li> <li> Dimensions </li> <li> DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) </li> <li> EBSCO </li> <li> ExLibris </li> <li> Genamics JournalSeek </li> <li> Google Scholar </li> <li> Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) </li> <li> J-Gate </li> <li> JournalGuide </li> <li> JournalTOCs </li> <li> KESLI-NDSL (Korean National Discovery for Science Leaders) </li> <li> MyScienceWork </li> <li> Naver Academic </li> <li> Naviga (Softweco) </li> <li> ProQuest </li> <li> Publons </li> <li> QOAM (Quality Open Access Market) </li> <li> ReadCube </li> <li> SCImago (SJR) </li> <li> SCOPUS </li> <li> Semantic Scholar </li> <li> TDNet </li> <li> Ulrich's Periodicals Directory/ulrichsweb </li> <li> WanFang Data </li> <li> WorldCat (OCLC) </li> <li> X-MOL </li> </ul>

Contributions to Tobacco and Nicotine Research ist in den folgenden Services indiziert: <ul> <li> Baidu Scholar </li> <li> Biobase </li> <li> CABI (over 50 subsections) </li> <li> Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) - CAplus </li> <li> Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) - SciFinder </li> <li> CNKI Scholar (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) </li> <li> CNPIEC - cnpLINKer </li> <li> Dimensions </li> <li> DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) </li> <li> EBSCO </li> <li> ExLibris </li> <li> Genamics JournalSeek </li> <li> Google Scholar </li> <li> Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) </li> <li> J-Gate </li> <li> JournalGuide </li> <li> JournalTOCs </li> <li> KESLI-NDSL (Korean National Discovery for Science Leaders) </li> <li> MyScienceWork </li> <li> Naver Academic </li> <li> Naviga (Softweco) </li> <li> ProQuest </li> <li> Publons </li> <li> QOAM (Quality Open Access Market) </li> <li> ReadCube </li> <li> SCImago (SJR) </li> <li> SCOPUS </li> <li> Semantic Scholar </li> <li> TDNet </li> <li> Ulrich's Periodicals Directory/ulrichsweb </li> <li> WanFang Data </li> <li> WorldCat (OCLC) </li> <li> X-MOL </li> </ul>

Advisory Board��������� Bernhard Eitzinger, delfortgroup AG, Traun, Austria Ernest Groman, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Daniel Heck, HeckTox LLC, Greensboro, NC, USA Anne Fisher, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Xie Jianping, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China Hubert Klus, St. P��lten, Austria John H. Lauterbach, Lauterbach &amp; Associates LLC, Macon, GA, USA Ramsey Lewis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA Chuan Liu, Southampton, UK Michael W. Ogden, Ogden Ology, LLC, Lewisville, NC, USA Thilo Paschke, Japan Tobacco International SA, Geneva, Switzerland Stephen W. Purkis, Bristol, UK Elmar Richter, Walther Straub Institute, Department of Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Wolfram Roeper, Hamburg, Germany Wolfgang Trinkies, Bayreuth, Germany��� Andreas Zemann, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria Editors Wolf-Dieter Heller Gerhard Scherer Editorial Office Barbara Boenke Brigitte M��ller Anja Thielen Contact <A href="mailto:editors@beitraege-bti.de">editors@beitraege-bti.de</A> Publisher De Gruyter Poland Bogumi��a Zuga 32A Str. 01-811 Warsaw, Poland T: +48 22 701 50 15

<DIV align=left> Please submit your manuscripts to Contributions to Tobacco and Nicotine Research via Editorial Manager system to: <A href="http://www.editorialmanager.com/btfi">www.editorialmanager.com/btfi</A> Open Access License Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter einer <A href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Namensnennung - Nicht-kommerziell - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International Lizenz</A> (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Autoren, die in dieser Zeitschrift ver��ffentlichen, behalten alle Urheberrechte und stimmen den Bedingungen der oben genannten CC BY-NC-SA 4.0-Lizenz zu. </DIV>

Please submit your manuscripts to Contributions to Tobacco and Nicotine Research via Editorial Manager system to: <A href="http://www.editorialmanager.com/btfi">www.editorialmanager.com/btfi</A> Open Access Statement The journal is an Open Access journal that allows a free unlimited access to all its contents without any restrictions upon publication to all users. Copyright Policy All publications are licensed under a <A href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</A> (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. Article Processing Changes To publish in CTNR, authors are not required to pay an Article Processing Charge

Contributions to Tobacco and Nicotine Research (formerly: Beitr��ge zur Tabakforschung International / Contribution to Tobacco Research International) publishes articles with a focus on tobacco, nicotine, and related consumer products. In addition, all aspects of research on the tobacco plant as well as on product technology and manufacturing are relevant for the Journal. Products of interest comprise (i) combustible tobacco products (cigarettes, cigars, pipes, etc.), (ii) smokeless tobacco (SLT) products (snuff, snus, chewing tobacco, etc.), (iii) tobacco heating products (THP), (iv) electronic cigarettes (e-cigs, w/o nicotine), (v) oral nicotine delivery (OND) products. All scientific investigations on product-related properties (including physical, chemical, biological, and toxicological properties) as well as on the influence on consumers��� behavior and response (including acute and long-term product use patterns and biomarker profiles) are considered for publication. Submissions can be of the following types: original investigations, reviews, short reports commentaries, letters to the editor. Fields covered by the Journal <UL> <LI>Research into the tobacco plant </LI> <UL> <LI>Tobacco plant </LI> <LI>Metabolism </LI> <LI>Cultivation </LI> <LI>Pesticides Biotechnology (Plant pathology, Mycology, Microbiology) </LI> </UL></UL> <UL> <LI>Manufacture of tobacco products </LI> <UL> <LI>Processing of tobacco </LI> <LI>Flavor </LI> <LI>Manufacture of cigarettes and other products </LI> <LI>Tobacco and environment </LI> <LI>Chemical engineering including physical chemistry </LI> </UL></UL> <UL> <LI>Analysis and properties of tobacco smoke </LI> <UL> <LI>Physical properties </LI> <LI>Chemical properties </LI> <LI>Combustion studies </LI> <LI>Mainstream/sidestream smoke </LI> <LI>Filter studies </LI> <LI>Special substances </LI> <LI>Analytical methods </LI> <LI>Machine smoking </LI> </UL></UL> <UL> <LI>Tobacco products other than cigarettes </LI> <UL> <LI>Cigars / cigarillos </LI> <LI>Pipe tobacco </LI> <LI>Smokeless tobacco (SLT) products (snuff, snus, chewing tobacco) </LI></UL> <LI>New products </LI> <UL> <LI>Tobacco heating products (THP) </LI> <LI>Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs, w/o nicotine) </LI> <LI>Oral nicotine devices (OND, e.g., nicotine pouches) </LI> </UL></UL> <UL> <LI>Human smoking behavior </LI> <UL> <LI>Biomonitoring </LI> <LI>Consumer behavior </LI></UL></UL> Open Access Statement The journal is an Open Access journal that allows a free unlimited access to all its contents without any restrictions upon publication to all users. Archiving Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in <A href="https://www.portico.org/">Portico</A> - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections. Plagiarism Policy The editorial board is participating in a growing community of <A href="https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/">Similarity Check System's</A> users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.

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Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research

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Volume 11 (1981): Edition 2 (September 1981)

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