In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antitrypanosomal activity of Annona muricata stem bark extracts.

1. Clarkson AB, Bacchi CJ, Mellow GH, Nathan HC, McCann PP, Sioerdsma A. Efficacy of combinations of difluoromethylornithine and bleomycin in a mouse model of central nervous system African trypanosomiasis. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA1983; 80:5720-5733.10.1073/pnas.80.18.5729Search in Google Scholar

2. Onyeili PA, Anika SM. Chemotherapy of T. b. brucei infection: use of DFMO, diminazene aceturate, alone and in combination. J Sm Anim Practice 1989; 30:505-510.10.1111/j.1748-5827.1989.tb01621.xSearch in Google Scholar

3. Jibike GI, Anika SM. Treatment of experimental trypanosomiasis in pigs. Bru Vet J 1991; 147:556-563.10.1016/0007-1935(91)90026-JSearch in Google Scholar

4. Fairlamb AH. Chemotherapy of human African trypanosomiasis: current and future prospects. Trends in Parasite 2003; 19:488-494.10.1016/j.pt.2003.09.002Search in Google Scholar

5. Ekanem JT, Kolawole OM, Abbah OC. Trypanocidal potential of methanolic extract of Bridelia ferruginea benth bark in Rattus novergicus. Afr J Biochem Res 2008; 2:45-50.Search in Google Scholar

6. Feng PC, Hoynes LJ, Magnus KE, Plimmer JR, Sherratt HSA. Pharmacological screening of some West Indian medicinal plants. J Pharm Pharmacol 1962; 14:556-561.10.1111/j.2042-7158.1962.tb11139.xSearch in Google Scholar

7. Meyer TM. The alkaloids of Annona muricata. Lng Ned Indie 1941; 8:64.Search in Google Scholar

8. Antoun MD, Gerena L, Mitious WK. Screening of the flora of Puerto Rico for potential antimalarial bioactives. Pharmaceut Biol 1993; 31:255-258.10.3109/13880209309082950Search in Google Scholar

9. Hasrat JA, Debruyne T, Debacker JP, Vauquelin G, Vlietinck AJ. Isoquinoline derivatives isolated from the fruit of Annona muricata as 5-HTergic- 5-HT1A receptor agonists in rats: Unexploited anti-depressive (lead) products. J Pharm Pharmacol 1997; 49:1145-1149.10.1111/j.2042-7158.1997.tb06058.xSearch in Google Scholar

10. Lopen AAM. Plants extracts with cytostatic properties growing in Cuba. Rev Cubana Med Trop 1979; 31:97-104.Search in Google Scholar

11. Anon. Unpublished data, National Cancer Institute. Nat. Cancer inst Central files, 1976.Search in Google Scholar

12. Vleira RHSD, Rodriquez FDDP, Goncolves FA, Menezes FGRD, Aragao JS, Sousa OV. Microbicidal effect of medicinal plant extracts (Psidium guajava Linn and Carica papaya Linn.) upon bacteria isolated from fish muscle and known to induce diarrhea in children. Rev Inst Trop S. Paulo 2001; 43:145-148.Search in Google Scholar

13. Akanji MA, Adeyemi OS, Oguntoye SO, Sulyman F. Psidium guajava extract reduces trypanosomiasis associated lipid peroxidation and raises glutathione concentrations in infected animals. Excli J 2009; 8:148-154.Search in Google Scholar

14. Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (C.I.O.M.S). International Guiding Principles for biomedical research involving animals c/o WHO 1211, Geneva, Switzerland, 1985.Search in Google Scholar

15. Dixon WJ. Staircase Bioassay: The up and down method. Neruoscience Biohetiav Rev 1991; 15:47-50.10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80090-9Search in Google Scholar

16. Saganuwan AS, Onyeyili PA, Suleman AO. Comparative toxicological effects of orally and intraperitomeally administered aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius leaf in Mus musculus. Herba Pol 2011; 57:33-45.Search in Google Scholar

17. Harborne JB. Phytochemical methods. A guide to modern technique of plant analysis. Chapman and Hall, London1975:78.Search in Google Scholar

18. Evans WC. Pharmacognosy. 13th Edn. Bailiere Tindal, London, 1989:474-475.Search in Google Scholar

19. Herbert WJ, Lumsden, WH. Trypanosoma brucei a rapid “matching” method for estimating the host’s parasitaemia. Experiment Parasite 1976; 40:427-431.10.1016/0014-4894(76)90110-7Search in Google Scholar

20. Brown BA. Haematology: Principles and procedures, 2nd ed. Lee and Febiger, Philadelphia 1976.Search in Google Scholar

21. Clarke CG, Clarke ML. Veterinary Toxicology, 1st ed. Bailirer Tindal, 1977:10.Search in Google Scholar

22. Dennis VP. Mammalian metabolism of xenobiotic chemicals. In: Toxicology and Neoborn. Kacew, S, Reasor MJ. (eds.). Chapman Hall, London 1984:1-32.Search in Google Scholar

23. Geidam YA, Ambali AG, Onyeyili PA. Phytochemical screening and antibacterial properties of organic solvent fractions of Psedium guajava aqueous leaf extract. Int J Pharmcol 2007; 3:68-73.10.3923/ijp.2007.68.73Search in Google Scholar

24. Abdulrahman FI, Ogugbuaja VO, Onyeyili PA. Phytochemical screening and elemental content of rootbark extract of Vitex doniana sweet. Bull Pure Appli Sci 2007; 26:55-61.Search in Google Scholar

25. Asuzu IU, Chineme CN. Effects of Morinda lucida leaf extracts on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 1990; 30:307-313.10.1016/0378-8741(90)90109-7Search in Google Scholar

26. Owolabi OA, Makanga B, Thomas EW, Molyneux DH, Oliver RW. Trypanocidal potentials of African woody plants. In vitro trials of Khaya grandifolioli seed extract J Ethnopharmacol 1990; 30:227-231.Search in Google Scholar

27. Nok AJ, Esievo KAN, Lingdet I, Arowosafe S, Oyenekwe PC, Gimba CE et al. In vitro activity of leaf extracts against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. J. Clinic Biochem Nutr 1993; 15:113-118.10.3164/jcbn.15.113Search in Google Scholar

28. Heinrich M, Kuhnt M, Wright LW, Rimpler H, Philipson JD, Schandelmair A et al. DC. Parasitological evaluation of Mixe Indian medicinal plants (Mexico). J Ethnopharmacol 1992; 36:81-85.10.1016/0378-8741(92)90063-WSearch in Google Scholar

29. Kufer J, Further H, Poll E, Heinrich M. Historical and modern medicinal plant uses. The examples of the Chorti Maya and Ladinos in eastern Guatemala. J Pharm Pharmacol 2005; 57:1127-1152.10.1211/jpp.57.9.0008Search in Google Scholar

30. Carboyal D, Casaco A, Arruzazabala L, Gonzalez R, Soerra P, Fayardo M, et al. Pharmacological screening of plant decoctions commonly used in Cuban folk medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 1991; 33:21-28.10.1016/0378-8741(91)90155-7Search in Google Scholar

31. Hopp KH, Cunningharm LV, Bromel MC, Schemester LJ, Watiba KSK. In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of certain alkaloids against Trypanosoma lewsi. Lloydia, 39:375-377.Search in Google Scholar

32. Oliver-Bever B. Medicinal plants in tropical West Africa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, M.A.Search in Google Scholar

1986.Search in Google Scholar

33. Sepulveda-Boza S, Cassels BK. Plant metabolites active against Trypanosoma cruzi. Planta Med 1996; 62:98-105.10.1055/s-2006-9578278657759Search in Google Scholar

34. Anosa VO. Haematological and biochemical changes in human and animals’ trypanosomiasis. Part 1.Search in Google Scholar

Rev Elev Med Vet Trop 1988; 41:65-78. 10.19182/remvt.8732Search in Google Scholar

• Chemical profiles and biological activities of acetone extracts of Curcuma xanthella
• Geranyl flavanone from Feronia limonia (L.) Swingle
• Evaluation of detoxification of aflatoxin-b1 by using Ag nanoparticles of oil extracts user prepared by using some medical herbs
• Synthetic seeds technology of Salvia officinalis as a method for short-term storage and in vitro propagation of valuable genotypes
• Morphological and biochemical responses of selected Ocimum species under drought