<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In the face of several uncertainties in the construction industry, conflicts and disputes seem inevitable. The aim of this systematic literature review of methodologies for prevention and resolution of conflicts was to develop an updated guidance for conflict management in the construction industry. To achieve this, we developed a novel tool termed Modified Reporting Items for Structured Reviews in Engineering and Technology (MORISE) that considered a modified tool from the original literature review method Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Three databases, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and American Society for Civil Engineers (ASCE), were searched and 61 articles were shortlisted. In terms of frequency of reasons cited as causes for disputes, payment regimes and delays rank first, followed by written agreement interpretation and changes in projects. Acceptable approaches to resolution of disputes include negotiation, arbitration, facilitation, and dispute resolution boards. This study were able to make a clear distinction between methodologies adopted by various researchers for the prevention and resolution of conflicts and show that in addition to prevention of conflicts, there are comprehensive and suitable techniques to resolve conflicts, which can be adopted in practice.
</abstract>

Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Fakultet for ingeniorvitenskap

A structured literature review on construction conflict prevention and resolution: A modified approach for engineering

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Sustainable development has become a goal for all countries seeking a balance between social, environmen­tal and economic needs. The principal vision of a sustain­able built future is about developing creative designs that utilize energy and materials effectively. However, this vision should consider historic buildings that were built centuries ago. Although many of these buildings are standing in a stable state, they are obsolete and their values are not fully utilized. Towards revitalizing and generating sustainable values of these buildings, adaptive reuse is adopted as a process of modifying, adapting and reusing obsolete build­ings with their existing structures to extend their life cycle whilst performing a new function. This is currently practiced worldwide, specifically when a building has a unique archi­tectural character and is in a stable condition. The adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal impact on the heritage significance of the building and its setting. This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of adaptive reuse as an innovative approach for generating sustainable values of historic buildings in developing countries. To achieve this aim, a research strategy is designed to accomplish four objectives: first, literature related to sustainable develop­ment, sustainable values, adaptive reuse and developing countries is reviewed; second, two case studies are pre­sented and analysed to investigate the role of adaptive reuse towards increasing the sustainable value of heritage build­ings; third, a strategy with its action plan is developed for facilitating adaptive reuse of historic buildings in develop­ing countries and finally, research conclusions are outlined and recommendations useful to professionals concerned with adaptive reuse of historic buildings are proposed.</abstract>

Suez Desert Road, Postal No. 11837, P.O. Box 43,

Adaptive reuse: an innovative approach for generating sustainable values for historic buildings in developing countries

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) business in Europa is increasingly under pressure. Lack of productivity, low or negative profit margins for investors, and the lack of adopting necessary innovations and digitalization—from engineering activities through operations and maintenance to decommissioning—have caused significant deprivation of business and competitiveness compared to emerging providers in Asia. The quest for reducing capital expenditures (CAPEX) in EPC projects is intensifying. In May 2018, a research project was started to analyze the situation and key trends through desk research, to research how the challenges of the business could be tackled and to derive practical guidance for EPC contractors as well as for investors, owners, and operators (O/O). The project aimed to propose innovative ways of improving the EPC business model to reach the next level (“EPC 4.0”). In doing so, lessons learned from the automotive and aviation industry were considered. A key objective of the research project was to challenge statements of international EPC experts to cut CAPEX by 40–50% in EPC projects. With this statement in mind, the research focused on identifying measures with potential in six areas: (1) digitalization, (2) partnering, (3) flat supply chains, (4) flexible organizations, (5) core competences, and (6) the human factor. Summarizing the findings in these areas, the EPC 4.0 project came to a savings potential of up to 50% of the total budgeted project costs.</abstract>

EPC 4.0: The quest for reducing CAPEX in EPC projects

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Project management is primarily practitioner-oriented and loaded with many critical success factors (CSFs), and although these are well-evidenced in theory, they do not deliver as efficiently as factors of interest to project professionals during execution. The present study explores the perceptions of senior project managers (PMs) about project success, CSFs and complexity in large construction projects. Data from project practitioners were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using content analysis. The participants were selected with convenience sampling method given the complex understanding of the domain and included highly experienced PMs from the global community with expertise in project management. PMs perceive a small number of CSFs in contrast to the large exhaustive CSFs listed in the questionnaire surveys. Though important, traditional constraints of the Iron Triangle are considered inadequate in defining project success. Project professionals are seen as relying more on other performance indicators for defining a project as a success. They perceive complex construction projects in terms of a large number of interfaces, complex working systems and uncertainty. The findings of this paper suggest that project practitioners perceive differently about the CSFs and project success.
</abstract>

Project success and critical success factors of construction projects: project practitioners’ perspectives

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Construction industry is one of the most hazardous industries to work in. This problem is further exacerbated by the fact that safety performance improvement is stagnating. Information technologies (ITs) are however identified as one of the most promising methods of improving the performance of construction safety. The goal of this paper was therefore to present previous research in the application of innovative ITs to the field of construction health and safety (H&amp;S), classified by their underlying technology and application, to identify research gaps, as well as to evaluate and describe the potential of their implementation into construction safety practice. To achieve the set goals, the research consisted of identifying and studying the existing research published in the leading journals in the field of construction H&amp;S. The review identified 72 papers dealing with development or application of innovative ITs. The research had also identified several research gaps, which have a significant impact on the construction safety practice. These gaps focus on the construction phase, while neglecting earlier project phases; industry and project levels, while neglecting construction activity and task levels; building projects, while neglecting infrastructure projects and specific hazard types, while neglecting a universal approach. Focussing research effort on these gaps would benefit all construction safety stakeholders but mostly the prominent contractors and H&amp;S professionals. Furthermore, recommendations for directing research focus on solving the identified issues are given in this paper.</abstract>

Review of previous applications of innovative information technologies in construction health and safety

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>A construction project is like a living entity and requires the interconnection and coordination of several stakeholders and many of them have their objectives, which sometimes create a conflict of interest between the teams and within the teams. The success of any project is repeatable, and a set of attributes for the success of a construction project can be identified, requiring discipline and hard work. The construction sector is the engine of growth for a nation and supplies services and goods to other industries. The objective of the study is to analyse the enabling factors affecting the performance construction projects in Architecture Engineering and Construction industry. The methodology chosen for the study is to collect primary data from the Indian construction industry using structured questionnaire surveys. The collected data are analysed using reliability and factor analyses. The findings of the study provide the value of reliability, that is, Cronbach's alpha value of (0.86) of the data collected using a questionnaire survey. Furthermore, exploratory factor analysis produced five main significant factors based on covariance between the attributes and grouped into factors such as site management and coordination, leadership and financial management, planning, commitment, and coordination having a variance of 17.65, 11.8, 9.1, 8.5, and 7.5%, respectively. This article is the extended version of the paper accepted and presented at CCC2019.</abstract>

Study of factors affecting the performance of construction projects in AEC industry

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
One of the most important aspects directly affecting a building’s performance is the design quality of the natural day-lighting. The present research evaluates the effectiveness of daylight in school buildings in the city of Baghdad. It aims to ascertain how the characteristics of building windows affect the quality of day-lighting, the objective of this exercise being to improve educational processes in schools by making improvements in relation to the aspect of provision of satisfactory day-lighting levels. A building simulation approach was adopted, and using Autodesk Revit 2018 (Insight plug-in), a daylight analysis was conducted under the aegis of the Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology. For the case study, we selected the modern design of a 24-classrooms school building, which is part of a plan for the construction of 1,000 Iraqi schools. Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design (LEED v4) simulation was conducted on the school building design to provide the results, which were measured and analysed according to LEED v4 standards. The results demonstrated that opening dimensions and direction have an essential impact on natural day-lighting. The research concluded that using BIM simulation tools enhances the design quality of the natural lighting in such a way that compliance with LEED v4 requirements is achieved. The present study will assist in identification and assessment of the problems concerned with natural lighting levels in Iraqi school buildings as well as resolving these at an early design stage.
</abstract>

Using building information modelling to optimise design quality of natural lighting in Iraqi school buildings

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The materials supply chain in the construction industry involves many independent actors, creating complex, dependent relationships, including competitive and cooperative relationships. To develop together, chain members need to build a long-term cooperative relationship for mutual benefits, promote the development of chain members and improve the operational efficiency of the construction supply chain. Therefore, studies to measure and improve this relationship are urgently needed. Within the scope of the present article, the authors carry out work with the aim of assessing the current status of the relationship between construction contractors and partners in their material supply chain and ranking the factors affecting the relationship. From the synthesis of research documents, the report outlines eight factors affecting the construction supply chain cooperation, namely: trust, information sharing, choosing the right partner, profit and risk sharing, senior management support, problem solving, transaction frequency and culture of cooperation. A survey was carried out with subjects who are senior leaders of construction enterprises, project directors/deputy directors, site commanders/deputy commanders, employees of different departments. contractors and field engineers. Data from 132 valid questionnaires were used for the study. Based on the survey results, the authors assessed the current relationship with the members in the supply chain and the impact of these factors on the cooperation between construction enterprises and their supply chain partners. The research results of the present article can help construction enterprises identify important influencing factors and take appropriate measures so as to strengthen the cooperative relationships with the stakeholders. This would help improve the operational efficiency of the supply chain.
</abstract>

Factors affecting the cooperative relationships in material supply chain of construction enterprises

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Applying the constructability concept in the construction industry has proven many benefits in different projects; however, this concept still lacks usage in Iraq. Therefore, it is important to encourage usage of the constructability concept in the construction industry in Iraq. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affect constructability in Iraq and then classify them according to their importance. A total of 37 factors were collected from an intensive literature review, and they were classified under the sub and main categories. A survey was undertaken in two sessions with open questionnaire and close questionnaire. The results were analysed and the mean, standard deviation and Cronbach’s Alpha were obtained. Also, the developed weight was calculated for each alternative factor. The goal of this paper is to define the main factors that have an effect on Iraqi’s constructability project in order to avoid issues in future Iraqi projects. The outcome showed that 34 factors had a major effect on increasing the constructability percentage in construction projects in Iraq. The top-ranking factors were structural frame types, high-strength concrete usage, adjacent infrastructures and adjacent site.
</abstract>

The factors that affect constructability in Iraq

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Companies in the construction sector need effective information management. In particular, the transmission of information within a company is key to improving its management and competitiveness. Currently, many companies in the construction sector are making a great effort to implement the building information modelling (BIM) methodology. Such implementation requires collaborative work through the Cloud between the different agents in the construction process of any project. In fact, information management in BIM projects is related to the creation, storage, transfer and efficient application of information within a three-dimensional (3D) virtual model of the project. The size of the project also determines the optimal management approach. The main problems resulting from poor information management may be a lack of coordination between actors, loss of information or misinterpretation of information. This work has two stated objectives. The first objective is to carry out a literature review of the applications of BIM technology and the importance of managing knowledge according to International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)- 19650. The second objective is to propose a disruptive method based on the Kanban tool to properly manage BIM information in the design and construction phases. This paper has practical implications for the improvement of BIM application for project managers.
</abstract>

Disruptive method for managing BIM design and construction using Kanban

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The growing pressure to optimise construction investment costs from the life-cycle perspective inevitably leads to efforts to seek new solutions that will facilitate informed decision-making in the early stages of the construction project. Awareness of the importance of considering future operation and demolition costs emphasises the shortcomings related to the possibility of making accurate predictions/estimations of such costs, which will become apparent in the future. To address this research gap, an innovative approach of life-cycle cost modelling on the level of individual structures of the building is presented. The model provides users with information on the costs of available technical solutions resulting from the requirements of the investor at a specific stage of the construction project. In this way, it helps investors optimise their building projects and to find the most economical solutions. Specifically, this model is assembled for the purpose of selecting a suitable partition wall and, therefore, it takes into consideration specific characteristics relating to this particular type of structure. The results indicate diversity in partition wall structural design variants at the early stage of the project. Since the ability to influence future costs decreases as the project progresses, the model allows capturing LCC perspective even if only a construction study is available without more detailed technical and economic information. The presented model aims to contribute to the higher performance of construction projects in the planning phase from the perspective of LCC and investors’/owners’ point of view.
</abstract>

Life-cycle cost estimation of a building structure: An example of partition walls

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
A large number of concrete bridges need to be repaired due to durability problems. This research focuses on evaluating the bond quality of the repair material, which has the highest influence on the durability of the repair. Onsite experimental research is performed on the vertical surfaces of the column of the Klara Jug bridge, which is located in the southern part of the Zagreb. Since the experimental research is carried out in parallel with the ongoing repair works on other bridge elements, the experimental conditions correspond to the real construction site conditions. Simulation of the actual site rehabilitation process was carried out on the test fields, which included removal of the damaged concrete by hydrodemolition at a depth of 1.5–2 cm, washing of the concrete by roto nozzle and wet spraying of the repair mortar. The results of the pull-off tensile bond strength show that there is an optimum period for spraying of repair mortar after washing the concrete surface. Optimal time for application of mortar is 90 min after completion of washing of the vertical concrete surface by the roto nozzle. In other weather conditions, the application time depends on the expected evaporation of water from the surface. The tensile strength of the bond between concrete and the repair mortar is 62% lower if the concrete is not washed by the roto nozzle prior to the application of the repair mortar. This investigation can serve as a practical guide for the repair of vertical surface of concrete elements of bridges, overpasses and viaducts.
</abstract>

Optimised technology for repair of vertical surface of concrete bridge elements

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), a kingdom-of-the-art technology for superimposing information onto the real world, have recently started to have an effect on our everyday lives. In addition, AR and VR have shown a great contribution to advanced construction management in recent years. However, a comprehensive critical review of AR and VR technologies in construction management is absent in the literature. This study provides a comprehensive review of a summary of using potential opportunities of AR and VR to solve a variety of construction management issues effectively and efficiently. This study found that AR is successfully used in construction project scheduling, progress tracking, worker training, safety management, time and cost management, and quality and defects management. VR is effectively used as a visualization tool, worker training technology, safety management tool, and quality and defects management tool. In addition, AR and VR are used for developing a network that allows the possibility of having conferences with those who are geographically far off from each other or the construction site. This study could help to explore the potential fields of using AR and VR technologies in the construction industry effectively as advance time- and cost-saving profitable tools.</abstract>

A Review on Using Opportunities of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Construction Project Management

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of management practices on the productivity of building construction projects in India. The methodology adopted for this study is to identify and analyse the management practice attributes from the literature review and expert focus group interviews. The identified attributes were analysed and priorities using relative weight were given by the respondents. The collected data were further analysed using SPSS 21 software. The quantitative research methodology was adopted to analyse the collected data and the following tools and techniques were applied to the data: reliability analysis to check the consistency of data collected for this study and relative importance index (RII) to prioritise and rank the attributes based on the weighted average score given by the respondents. The findings of this study concluded that coordination between all stakeholders, ability to handle the crisis by the project managers, social skills of key team managers, timely payment of completed works and design capability and frequent design changes are the most significant attributes of management practice, affecting construction productivity and having a rating on the RII of 0.91, 0.90, 0.88, 0.87 and 0.87.
</abstract>

Impact of management practices on construction productivity in Indian building construction projects: an empirical study<xref ref-type="fn" rid="j_otmcj-2021-0007_fn_001">1</xref>

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Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal

Co-published with University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering

 OTMC is an international journal that promotes and facilitates the development of organization, technology and management in construction, within the regions of Central and...

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 OTMC is an international journal that promotes and facilitates the development of organization, technology and management in construction,...

Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal

Co-published with University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering

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