<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<bold>Introduction</bold>: A quintessential element of Hippocratic medicine is treatment of mental diseases which was based on a detailed examination of the symptoms as well as the study of human physiology and final outcome of the diseases which is based on humoral theory.
<bold>Purpose</bold>: The aim of the work is to highlight the contribution of Hippocrates to the study of mental illness based on his theory of humors
<bold>Methodology</bold>: Our study consists of interpretations of the original text of Hippocrates including extensive observations of anatomy and physiology of human body based on humoral theory. Then the information was evaluated on the basis of modern literature in order to establish their validity. A major limitation of the research is the lack of a systemic methodology to screen the Hippocratic corpus for relevant passages which actually requires interdisciplinary research in order to determine which aspects of Hippocratic medicine can be developed.
<bold>Results</bold>: In Corpus Hippocraticum, it is highlighting that maintaining a relative proportion of humors in human body (apart from maintaining health) regulates the human temperament and its behavioral manifestations. Hippocrates, has included in his work observations not only on human physiology and diseases but also studies the environmental and geographical impact on them, thus setting the stage for holistic approaches
<bold>Conclusion</bold>: Summarizing, Hippocratic medicine and particularly his observations on mental disorders provides a clear picture of the methodology used by Hippocrates which can be a guide for the adoption of good practices for contemporary scholars and clinicians on their everyday practice.
</abstract>

The Hippocratic account of Mental Health: Humors and Human Temperament

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<bold>Introduction</bold>: It can be argued that beauty is not only an aesthetic value, but it is also a social capital which is supported by the global beauty industry. Advertising kindly offers all kinds of ways to acquire and maintain beauty and youth that require large investments. Recent studies demonstrate that physical attractiveness guided by modern sociocultural standards is associated with a higher level of psychological well-being, social ease, assertiveness, and confidence. What is behind this pursuit of ideal beauty and eternal youth: the life-long struggle for survival, selfless love for beauty, or something else that lurks in the depths of the human unconscious?
<bold>Purpose</bold>: The aim of the paper is to analyze the modern-day feminine beauty ideal through the lens of Jungian archetypes.
<bold>Methodology</bold>: An extensive literary review of relevant articles for the period 2000-2020 was performed using PubMed and Google databases, with the following key words: “Feminine beauty ideal, body image, beauty and youth, mental health problems, C.G. Jung, archetypes of collective unconsciousness”. Along with it, the author used Jung’s theory of archetypes, integrative anthropological approach, and hermeneutical methodology.
<bold>Results and Discussion</bold>: Advertising and the beauty industry have a huge impact on women and their self-image. Exposure to visual media depicting idealized faces and bodies causes a negative or distorted self-image. The new globalized and homogenized beauty ideal emphasizes youth and slimness. Over the past few decades, the emphasis on this ideal has been accompanied by an increase in the level of dissatisfaction with their bodies among both women and men. Though face and body image concerns are not a mental health condition in themselves, they have a negative impact on women’s mental health being associated with body dysmorphic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, depression, eating disorders, psychological distress, low self-esteem, self-harm, suicidal feelings. These trends are of real concern.
The interiorization of the modern standards of female beauty as the image of a young girl impedes the psychological development of women and causes disintegration disabling the interconnection of all elements of the psyche and giving rise to deep contradictions. This unattainable ideal is embodied in the Jungian archetype of the Kore. Without maturity transformations, the image of the Kore, which is so attractive to the modern world, indicates an undeveloped part of the personality. Her inability to grow up and become mature has dangerous consequences. Women “restrain their forward movement” becoming an ideal object of manipulation. Thus, they easily internalize someone’s ideas about what the world should be and about their “right” place in it losing the ability to think critically and giving away power over their lives.
<bold>Conclusion</bold>: Overcoming the psychological threshold of growing up, achieving deep experience and inner growth, a woman discovers another aspect of the Kore, ceases to be an object of manipulation and accepts reality as it is, while her beauty becomes multifaceted and reflects all aspects of her true personality.
</abstract>

The Modern-Day Feminine Beauty Ideal, Mental Health, and Jungian Archetypes

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<bold>Introduction</bold>: Infertility represents a major health problem that oftentimes is experienced as a crisis situation. Because it interposes with achieving an important life goal, that of having children, its implications on the psycho-emotional level are robust.
<bold>Purpose:</bold> The present article aimed at exploring the multidimensional effects of infertility on mental health, as well as suitable psychological intervention strategies for patients both at an individual and couple level.
<bold>Methodology:</bold> An extensive literature review was conducted to select the most relevant information. Articles included were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar and other similar databases within a seven years interval (2014-2021) to assure the up-to-date quality of the paper. The main criteria of inclusion were: studies about the consequences of infertility on mental health, epidemiology, risk and protective factors, psychological models for infertility, psychological evaluation, established instruments, psycho-social and therapeutic interventions, intervention protocols used in public health for infertility patients.
<bold>Results and Discussion:</bold> Infertility is often experienced as a crisis situation, in which the most common consequences are visible at the level of mood disorders (e.g. anxiety, depression, marked distress) and at the social level (stigma, divorce, social isolation, financial difficulties). Psychological counseling is needed throughout medical treatment and therapeutic interventions (e.g. cognitive-behavioral therapy) have shown favorable results in managing the emotional balance of the individual/couple and reducing the risk of psychopathology.
<bold>Conclusions:</bold> Research highlights the beneficial effects of psychological interventions on reducing levels of stress related to infertility, anxiety and depressive symptoms and on improving the quality of life and couple dynamics.
</abstract>

The psychological impact of infertility. Directions for the development of interventions

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<bold>Introduction:</bold> The National Health Service cannot chronically sustain the overwhelming demands being placed on it due to financial cuts, staff numbers and recent presence of Covid-19. As a result, anxiety levels are on the rise thus increasing the need for effective first-line treatment.
<bold>Purpose</bold>: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the efficacy of yoga as a first-line treatment for anxiety. Previous systematic reviews have produced mixed results.
<bold>Methodology</bold>: The inclusion criteria followed the PICO research statement. The population (P) were either healthy or diagnosed with anxiety and the intervention (I) was yoga. The comparison (C) was a control group, or CBT, or used a pre-and post-intervention design. The outcome (O) was the change in the level of anxiety post-intervention.
<bold>Results and Discussion</bold>: After the review of 64 studies, 7 studies fit the inclusion criteria: four randomized controlled studies, one longitudinal study, and two pre- and post-intervention comparisons. All the studies included provided statistically significant results for the beneficial effect of yoga on anxiety.
<bold>Conclusion</bold>: This study adds to preceding literature on the current anxiety levels of adults and the potential utility of yoga as a first-line treatment for self-management of anxiety levels. This review stresses the issue of heterogeneity, mode of yoga and calls for more robust randomised controlled trials to pioneer the subject matter to help, if not prevent, to slow down the rising cases of anxiety and ill mental health worldwide.
</abstract>

Systematic review to explore the effect of yoga on anxiety in adults

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<bold>Introduction</bold>. One of the systems that can be used in the system of palliative care for children is the Developmental Individual Relationship (DIR)/Floortime concept, which can be flexibly adapted to individual features of a child, and at the same time it has intelligible and clearly-defined tools for work and interaction, that take into consideration not only individual peculiarities of a patient, but also their parents and specialists.
<bold>Purpose</bold>. The purpose of the paper was to review the possibilities and prospects of using DIR/Floortime model in the system of palliative care for children.
<bold>Methodology</bold>. The paper was prepared on the basis of input from Belarusian Children’s Hospice and also took into account experience of implementation of the DIR/Floortime Model (report information of ICDL’ specialists).
<bold>Results and Discussion</bold>. In the course of the work the main tasks for providing palliative care to sick children were outlined and 6 points of introduction of the DIR /Floortime concept into this system were singled out.
<bold>Conclusions</bold>. The main postulates of the DIR concept fully coincide with the modern principles of palliative support. Using DIR/Floortime Model also can solve urgent tasks of the system of palliative care for children: build a team-based, positive, supportive and safe relationship around a child and family; help to prevent conflicts; improve the emotional background of the child in care.
</abstract>

Implementation of the DIR Model and the DIR/Floortime Approach in the System of Palliative Care for Children

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<bold>Introduction</bold>: Adolescent mental health challenges have been identified as a public health concern globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), due to the scarcity of services, where help-seeking is often hampered by social stigma. A strategy to increase the availability of services is to implement, brief, stigma-free, and scalable interventions. The Shamiri Intervention (the Kiswahili word for “thrive”) is an example of a 4-week, group-based intervention which is implemented via 1-hour sessions within high school settings.
<bold>Purpose</bold>: The present study employed qualitative methods to explore participant feedback on their preferred elements of Shamiri Intervention. The aim is to use the feedback to help to guide and improve intervention effectiveness, acceptability, and appropriateness. The results have the potential to understand better lay-provided mental health service delivery and design among high school students in LMICs, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
<bold>Methodology</bold>: The project employed a qualitative phenomenological design to collect participant feedback, and reflective thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.
<bold>Results</bold>: The researchers constructed the following themes to summarize the participants’ responses: learning (acquiring new knowledge related to the core components of the Shamiri Intervention, i.e., growth mindset, values affirmation, and gratitude); rewards (e.g., prizes award that encouraged participation); positive interaction (i.e., the peer-lead delivery); and solutions-oriented (e.g., the practicality of the Shamiri Intervention).
<bold>Conclusion</bold>: The preferred components of the Shamiri Intervention were learning, rewards for participation, positive interactions with other people, and the solution-oriented nature of the sessions. The mentioning of the features of the Shamiri Intervention could also suggest that, indeed, they are appropriate for the target population. Additionally, the support for the lay providers is critical in Shamiri intervention cost-effectiveness, accessibility, and scalability.
</abstract>

A qualitative exploration of participants’ preferred elements of the 4-week, youth-led, youth-focused, group-based Shamiri intervention: A brief overview

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<bold>Introduction</bold>: The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has placed significant mental and physical health burdens on military personnel, including both elite combat troops and injured servicemen in rehabilitation. Understanding the factors that influence their health outcomes is crucial for developing effective support and intervention strategies.
<bold>Purpose</bold>: This study aims to analyse the relationships between negative indicators of mental and physical health (PTSD symptoms and somatic complaints) and personal characteristics (resilience, self-efficacy, and Big Five personality traits) in two distinct samples of military personnel: elite combat troops and injured servicemen in rehabilitation. By comparing these groups, the study seeks to understand how personal characteristics influence health outcomes and whether the impact differs based on the context of military service.
<bold>Methodology</bold>: The study involved 180 Ukrainian military personnel (all men) divided into two groups: 149 elite combat troops and 31 injured combatants in rehabilitation. Participants completed self-report measures assessing PTSD symptoms, physical complaints, resilience, self-efficacy, and personality traits. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, ranges, skewness, and kurtosis) were computed, and independent samples t-tests and Cohen’s d were calculated to determine differences between the groups. Pearson’s bivariate correlations and Z-tests were conducted to examine relationships between health indicators and personal characteristics. Multiple linear regression analysis (using the forward method) was performed to construct prognostic models for mental and physical health outcomes.
<bold>Results</bold>: Injured combatants exhibited significantly higher levels of PTSD symptoms, exhaustion, and various physical complaints compared to elite combat troops. In contrast, elite combat troops showed higher levels of resilience, self-efficacy, extraversion, and emotional stability. Regression models highlighted self-efficacy, resilience, and emotional stability as key predictors of reduced PTSD symptoms and physical complaints, with varying predictive values across the two groups.
<bold>Conclusion</bold>: The study underscores the importance of personal characteristics in mitigating the negative health impacts of combat exposure within the global mental health landscape. Tailored interventions enhancing resilience, self-efficacy, and emotional stability are crucial, particularly for injured combatants. Future research should employ longitudinal designs and larger samples to further understand the dynamics of these relationships and support the well-being of military personnel on a global scale. By addressing these critical areas, we can develop more effective strategies to support the mental health and recovery of those affected by combat and conflict worldwide.
</abstract>

Personality and Health in Military Context: A Study of Combatants and Injured Servicemen

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<sec><title style='display:none'>Introduction</title>
Analyzing numerical data from different countries around the world that have experience of participating in wars and resolving their consequences, it is important to consider the wide range of war effects on all spheres of society. This influence is discussed in the context of economic, political, state-building, demographic, and other spheres. Special attention is given to analyzing the consequences of this impact on individuals returning from war. These consequences are diverse and include physical and psychological problems, job loss, social exclusion, and other challenges that require an integrated approach to effectively address them.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>Purpose</title>
To analyze the main principles of medical and psychological rehabilitation of combat veterans, having conducted a comprehensive analysis of their links and constituent elements, and to consider possible ways of their implementation.</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>Methodology</title>We conducted a systematic search in the main electronic medical databases such as: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar until January 2024. We used theoretical methods such as systematic, bibliosemantic and retrospective, comparative analysis and generalization of the publication data of the conducted studies that considered links, components, principles and possible ways of their implementation in the field of medical and psychological rehabilitation of combat veterans. Relevant studies were identified by key words: war or combat veterans, rehabilitation, reintegration, psychoeducation, hub.</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>Results</title>The research revealed complex challenges in the system of medical and psychological rehabilitation of military veterans, including post-traumatic stress disorder, physical injuries, social isolation and limited resources. The analysis identified key principles important to the planning and implementation of rehabilitation programs, including individualization, comprehensiveness, accessibility, and integration. The results highlighted the importance of a systems approach and collaboration between various parties concerned for the effective implementation of the veterans’ rehabilitation system. The study suggests specific ways of the identified principles implementation. Understanding the modality of the medical and psychological rehabilitation system is a key aspect in improving the quality of rehabilitation and providing adequate support to veterans. In order to achieve these goals, a hierarchy of therapeutic goals was created determining the modalities of the medical and psychological rehabilitation system.</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>Conclusion</title>Effective medical and psychological rehabilitation for combat veterans should be based on the systematic organization of care, recognizing the importance of each component in ensuring coordination, efficiency and quality of services. Establishing clear therapeutic goals forms the basis for comprehensive psychological support, contributing to veterans’ self-esteem, mental health, and social integration, ultimately enhancing their overall well-being and quality of life.</sec>
</abstract>

From treatment to social reintegration: principles of medical and psychological support of veterans (on example of the Russian-Ukrainian war)

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<bold>Introduction</bold>: For the first time COP28 have included Public Health in their climate change discussions. Given progress on climate change has many hurdles, from domestic, economic and corporate pressures, it is pertinent to explore what impact this inclusion might have and what specific challenges there might be in relation to global mental health.
<bold>Purpose</bold>: This positioning paper considers whether the implication of the inclusion of Health at COP28 might bring about transformation in the way Global Mental Health is addressed. It also considers how it might transform how mental health professionals, but also all others involved in working with people with mental health issues, transform mental health. The paper considers challenges to be faced going forward and potential solutions. The author acknowledges they are sharing their position on this subject, but in doing so, hopes to generate wider discussion.
<bold>Methodology</bold>: As this is a positioning paper, data has been derived from the argument and counter argument within the paper. Therefore, there is a possibility of the risk of bias.
<bold>Results</bold>: Plans to improve mental health globally have focused on replicating a Western, Global North model. Despite over 10 years of the WHO Mental Health Action Plan, there continues to be a growing mental health pandemic, worsened by Covid-19. Mental ill- health is caused by multiple factors, many are national, regional and even localized. The Western Global North model does not factor this in sufficiently to bring about improvement.
<bold>Conclusion</bold>: This paper evaluated whether by including ‘Health’ at the recent COP28, it would help transform Global Mental Health. What became clear, after reviewing previous policies and action plans, was that significant change and improvement had not occurred. Policy makers and professionals approach needs to focus on preventing mental ill-health rather than treating after the event. Additionally, decolonisation of policies and professionals education is required to co-create sustainable resilience with people/communities and reduce mental ill-health.
</abstract>

Will Including Health at COP28 Mean Transformation of Global Mental Health Action? And will Mental Health Professionals transform to help achieve it?

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<bold>Introduction</bold>: While the detrimental impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on mental health of Ukrainian population has been well-documented, less attention has been given to mental health workers (MHWs) providing mental health support services amid the war.
<bold>Purpose</bold>: To examine levels of domain-specific well-being in Ukrainian MHWs; identify and quantify the relative importance of factors associated with well-being; and examine interactions of risk and protective factors in relation to each well-being domain.
<bold>Methodology</bold>: A convenience sample of 178 MHWs completed a survey that assessed their well-being, and sociodemographic, war-related, mental health, and psychosocial characteristics.
<bold>Results</bold>: Lower levels of mental health difficulties such as anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms, and higher levels of psychosocial factors such as higher optimism, gratitude, and presence and search for meaning were associated with higher well-being. MHWs with high levels of protective psychosocial factors were more likely to report higher well-being even in the presence of mental health difficulties.
<bold>Conclusion</bold>:. Results of this study provide insight into the levels and correlates of multiple well-being domains among Ukrainian MHWs amid the ongoing war. They further suggest that interventions to mitigate mental health difficulties and bolster protective psychosocial factors may help promote well-being in this population.
</abstract>

Well-being of mental health workers during the Russian-Ukrainian War

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<bold>Purpose</bold>: This paper describes and documents an innovative blended learning Global Mental Health: Trauma and Recovery certificate training course. This course combines a two-week face-to-face training in Orvieto, Italy with a five-month follow-up online virtual training as a learning experience for global health care practitioners. Continuing medical education (CME) accreditation is offered upon completion. This course utilized an innovative blended learning model with a community of practice approach, a combination of lectures and discussions, and online in-depth group case study discussions.
<bold>Methodology</bold>: Data was collected by self-reported anonymous evaluation by participants of three continuous years of the CME Global Mental Health: Trauma and Recovery certificate training course sponsored by Harvard Medical School. One hundred fifty-five participants (n= 39 in 2011; n = 57 in 2012; n=59 in 2013) underwent a pre- and post-course evaluation to determine sustained confidence in performing medical and psychiatric care to traumatized patients and communities, as well as to determine their learning of the Global Mental Health Action Plan (GMHAP).
<bold>Results</bold>: Over the course of three independent years, a total of 155 participants were evaluated. There was evidence for significant improvement in their confidence levels in all clinical areas (diagnosis; treatment of trauma; use of psychotropic medication) when comparing baseline to completion of the six-month course. All ten dimensions of the GMHAP and nine medical and psychiatric aspects of treatment revealed significant improvement in confidence levels. Regression analysis also indicated similar results after the adjustment of demographic covariates. Physicians and participants with mental health and social work background had significantly higher confidence. Participants who were MD’s or psychiatrists had higher confidence in most of the categories of confidence except for self-care, understanding culture, collaboration, and policy and financing. The model showed no difference in learning based upon gender and level of development of country of origin.
<bold>Conclusion</bold>: The evaluation of this blended learning CME program provides evidence of significant enhancement of clinical practice and planning skills in health care practitioners working with highly traumatized patients and communities worldwide. This successful training over the past 18 years has gone far to achieve the health and mental health capacity building as requested by the Ministers of Health from post-conflict societies in the historic Rome meeting in 2004.
</abstract>

Harvard Medical School Global Mental Health: Trauma and Recovery Course: What is the Global Impact? Three Year’s Results

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<bold>Introduction</bold>: Mental health issues are prevalent, yet their treatment remains inadequate. Tuberculosis presents substantial mental health challenges. Their co-occurrence is a frequent phenomenon. However, the integration of mental health professionals or services is not a common practice.
<bold>Purpose</bold>: To review the evidence about the relation between tuberculosis and mental health, and its consequences concerning the implementation of policies and services.
<bold>Methodology</bold>: We conducted a comprehensive review using the MeSH terms “Tuberculosis” and “Mental Health” on PubMed. We identified and assessed systematic reviews, regular reviews, scoping review and meta-analyses for their appropriateness and relevance.
<bold>Results</bold>: A total of 341 studies were accessed for eligibility and 17 studies were included. Mental disorders and tuberculosis are frequent comorbidities. Their relation is commonly described as “syndemic”. Shared risk factors, social vulnerabilities, and upstream social determinants are prevalent in both conditions. There is a potential for the integration of both conditions into policy and service organization.
<bold>Conclusions</bold>: Mental disorders treatment gap could be shortened by addressing mental health problems among TB patients. The WHO Global End TB Strategy prioritizes integrated patient-centered care, and fostering collaborative partnerships between tuberculosis and mental health services could enhance its implementation.
</abstract>

Syndemic Burden: Bridging the gap between Tuberculosis and Mental Health Care for Integrated Patient-Centered Solutions – a comprehensive review

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<bold>Introduction</bold>. It has been scientifically confirmed that the risk of developing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) increases especially with generalized or regional disruption of connective tissue structure, which is widespread among the population. Patients with such comorbid pathology may have a wide range of symptoms that may go beyond the general symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation. The symptoms and complications of GERD affect general health, daily and social functioning, physical and emotional activity. It also affects the quality of life (QoL) associated with health through frequent breaks during sleep, work and social activities.
<bold>Purpose</bold>. study the dynamics of the level of quality of life and social functioning in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease in combination with the syndrome of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia.
<bold>Methodology</bold>. A total of 120 patients were included in the study: 65 men and 55 women: in 75 of them (Group II) GERD occurred on the background of UCTD, in 45 (Group I) as an independent disease. The control group consisted of 12 healthy individuals. The study was comprehensive. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Status (SF-36),the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and the scale of “Personal and social performance” (PSP) - were used to study patients in detail.
<bold>Results and Discussion</bold>. Analyzing the results obtained on the basis of the GSRS questionnaire (Table 1), in patients with GERD on the background of UCTD, compared with patients of group I and the control group, there is a significant increase in three and four from the five scales. QoL in patients of Group II on the scale “Abdominal pain” were 14.3 ± 0.4 points, in Group I - 5.6 ± 1.3 points, in the Control Group - 2.4 ± 0.8 points, on the scale “Reflux syndrome”: 13.7 ± 0.9, 10.5 ± 1.3 and 3.1 ± 0.9, respectively. “Dyspeptic syndrome” - 15.3 ± 0.4 points in Group II, 12.2 ± 0.6- in Group I and 6.1 ± 0.3- in the control group. “Constipation syndrome” 9.5 ± 0.8, 5.6 ± 1.03 and 5.7 ± 0.4, respectively (p &lt;0,05). <bold>Conclusions:</bold> In this research we investigated the effect of comorbid pathology on QoL in patients with GERD, which developed against the background of UCTD. The results confirm that patients with such combined pathology have a lower level of quality of life and social functioning, and the tactics of treatment of such patients should take into account these changes.
</abstract>

Disorders of social functioning and quality of life in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease while combined with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia

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Mental Health: Global Challenges

 Mental Health: Global Challenges Journal is an open access, peer-reviewed journal, with the primary aim of promoting thought, dialogue, and debate on topics related to mental...

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