<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>The nesting of the Eurasian eagle-owl (<italic>Bubo bubo</italic>) in a man-made building</title>Pair of Eurasian eagle-owl (<italic>Bubo bubo</italic>) was found in 2010 nesting in an abandoned man-made building in Východo-slovenská rovina Lowlands near a small fragment of riparian forest. Observation represents first case of nesting in such roost and second case of nesting on lowland in large open agrocoenosis in Slovakia.</abstract>

The nesting of the Eurasian eagle-owl (<italic>Bubo bubo</italic>) in a man-made building

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Bird conservation on electricity transmission lines has a 40-year history in Hungary. It started with the saker conservation program. The initial small-scale activities were considerably enlarged through the LIFE projects. In the first project, 301 nest boxes for sakers of a new type made of aluminium were installed on pylons of high-voltage transmission lines. In 201 3 nearly 70% of saker pairs nested in these new boxes. An estimated 1 00 000 different birds used to be killed annually on the transmission line pylons in Hungary. During the two LIFE projects about 1 4 300 pylons were made bird-safe using improved technology and materials. Nearly 800 new bird-safe crossarms of pylons are being installed in the second project, which is expected to completely eradicate the danger</abstract>

FENCON Ltd., Erkel u. 6/a, 2092 Budakeszi, Hungary

MME/BirdLife Hungary, Költö u. 21 , 1 021 Budapest, Hungary

Agria Ökoszisztéma Kft. Rózsa Károly u. 1 2/b. 2/5, 3300 Eger, Hungary

Bird conservation on electric-power lines in Hungary: Nest boxes for saker falcon and avian protection against electrocutions. Projects' report

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>The Eurasian eagle-owl (<italic>Bubo bubo</italic>) diet in the Orava Region (N Slovakia)</title>Food remains of the Eurasian eagle-owl (<italic>Bubo bubo</italic>) were studied in samples collected from 26 nests. The samples were collected during spring thus represent the prey brought to the nest whilst rearing of chicks. In total 15,196 items of prey were determined. The dominant food items were two smaller species of rodents, <italic>Microtus arvalis</italic> (39.0%), <italic>Arvicola amphibius</italic> (12.1%), and the common frog (<italic>Rana temporaria;</italic> 27.9%). Other prey recorded had low dominance, however, represented a wide range of species. 43 species of mammals and over 80 species of birds were determined. The Orava Region is climatically one of the coldest regions in Slovakia. The abundance of food for nestlings depends mostly on gradational cycles of small species of rodents and on frogs as the alternative food components. The proportion of bigger species of prey is low: from mammals it was mainly <italic>Rattus norvegicus</italic> (2.3%), <italic>Erinaceus roumanicus</italic> (0.7%) and <italic>Lepus europaeus</italic> (0.5%), from birds <italic>Corvus cornix</italic> (1.1%), <italic>Perdix perdix</italic> (0.6%) and <italic>Asio otus</italic> (0.4%). The food supply creating suitable condition for reproduction of Eurasian eagle-owls in the Orava Region has been deteriorating over the last 20 years due to a decrease in agricultural production leading to diminution of non-forest areas.</abstract>

Commenius University, Botanical Garden, SK-03815 Blatnica, Slovakia

Orava P. O. Hviezdoslav Museum, SK-02741 Oravský Podzámok, Slovakia

The Eurasian eagle-owl (<italic>Bubo bubo</italic>) diet in the Orava Region (N Slovakia)

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> From October 201 0 until December 201 4 the LIFE09 NAT/HU/000384 project was implemented in four Special Protected Areas in Slovakia. The recent project was complementary to a previous LIFE project implemented between 2006 and 201 0. Both projects supported regular monitoring of the population of saker falcon and new approaches to conservation of the species. The LIFE09 project helped to increase knowledge about the prey composition and the behaviour of the species. The population was strongly affected in 201 3 by extremely bad weather conditions (1 .79 fledglings/breeding attempt). Although the total number of saker falcon pairs in Slovakia is thought to be higher, 31 pairs were breeding in 201 4. By analysis of the diet (2991 individuals), 47 prey species were identified, from which birds were predominant (80%). More than half of the diet consisted of feral pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) (59%)</abstract>

The saker falcon (Falco cherrug) population, diet and nest boxes in Slovakia: LIFE-project report 2011–2014

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The author evaluates his own data on the food of the Eurasian eagle-owl (<italic>Bubo bubo</italic>) in Slovakia using material he collected between 1975 and 2020. A total of 105,543 food items were identified in 254 samples taken at 136 localities. Mammals had the highest representation (Mammalia, 65 species, 58.4%), and the species composition of birds was diverse (Aves, minimally 140 species, 8.5%), but the common frog (<italic>Rana temporaria</italic>, 32.0%), from the lower vertebrates, is represented more abundantly. Invertebrates (Evertebrata, 0.1%) occurred in food residues only occasionally. The bulk of the samples were collected from eagle-owl nests. The samples were divided into three time periods (A–C), which differ in the manner of human land-use management: A up to the 1950s, with a smaller area of field plots and more extensive grazing in the uplands; B from the 1950s to the 1980s, during the Socialist period, with the concentration of agricultural production in large units; C the last 30 years, 1990 to 2020, with the gradual break-up of collective land management. The first period (A) is characterised by a strong dominance of frogs, particularly the European brown frog <italic>R. temporaria</italic> (44.6%), and a large share of small mammal species of the family Muridae (genera <italic>Apodemus</italic> and <italic>Mus</italic>). During the time of Socialism (B), eagle-owls adapted to hunting larger species of mammals and birds, and the share of frogs in their food fell by half (<italic>R. temporaria</italic>, 23.3%). With the decline in livestock production after 1990 (period C), the species diversity of birds increased: aquatic species and raptors in particular are on the rise. Successive overgrowth of pastures in the submontane zone is reducing the hunting territories of eagle-owls. The dominance of the common vole (<italic>Microtus arvalis</italic>) in their diet has gradually increased from period A (26.8%) to period C (37.3%). Data from eleven areas around Slovakia are evaluated separately for the three time periods. In period A, the highest proportion of frogs was in the Liptov region (<italic>R. temporaria</italic>, 68.2%), when eagle-owls nested deeper in the mountains. The proportion of frogs decreased towards lower areas, and in the Ponitrie (Nitra river basin) it was only 10.8%. At the same time, the share of <italic>M. arvalis</italic> and larger prey increased. A similar trend of increasing shares of larger prey towards lower locations also applied during the Socialist period (B). In the last 30 years (C), frogs in the higher river basins have given way to European water voles <italic>Arvicola amphibius</italic> and <italic>M. arvalis</italic>. In association with the progressive overgrowth of pastures, forest species such as the yellow-necked mouse (<italic>Apodemus flavicollis</italic>) and bank vole (<italic>Myodes glareolus</italic>) are increasingly prevalent, as are the white-breasted hedgehog (<italic>Erinaceus roumanicus</italic>) and various thrushes (<italic>Turdus</italic> sp.).
</abstract>

Spatial and temporal changes in the diet composition of the Eurasian eagle-owl (<italic>Bubo bubo</italic>) in Slovakia comparing three historical periods

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>Spatial and temporal diversity of the diet of the tawny owl (<italic>Strix aluco</italic>)</title>The author compared diet of eight owl species in Slovakia, out of which four species prey in the non-forest environment (<italic>Bubo bubo, Tyto alba, Asio otus</italic> and <italic>Athene noctua</italic>), while the other four species prey mostly in the forest (<italic>Glaucidium passerinum</italic>, <italic>Aegolius funereus, Strix uralensis</italic> and <italic>Strix aluco</italic>). Tawny owl (<italic>Strix aluco</italic>) has shown the highest degree of adaptability when it comes to various types of environment and broad diversity of prey. Appendix 1 presents material of total 225,441 pieces of diet, which contains 69 species of mammals and at least 147 species of birds. While <italic>B. bubo</italic> diet is typical especially for high presence of bigger prey species within mammals and birds (66 diagnostic taxa), diet of <italic>S. aluco</italic> is characterized by as many as 89 taxa with higher share than the average of all eight compared owls (taxa with values 1+ and 2+ in blocks as marked by full line). Based on the analysis of 68,070 pieces of <italic>S. aluco</italic> diet collected in Slovakia, it is possible to differentiate seven basic diet types: A - from lower mountains, B - from middle montane locations, C - from colder and more humid parts of mountains, D - characterized by high share of bats (Chiroptera), E - characterized by high share of slugs (Limacidae), F - from floodplain forests, and finally G - from environment strongly influenced by humans. Diagnostic species for one or several diet types are characterized by markedly higher share than Slovak average. By the large amount of analyzed samples of <italic>S. aluco</italic> diet it is possible to gain the knowledge about structure of several animal groups from relatively little disrupted forest ecosystems and those from environment to some degree influenced by humans. Diet types represent simplified models, which are understood in a different sense than plant communities. Individual disposition for specific food preference (e. g. Chiroptera) also plays an important role by some tawny owl's specimens. Some types of prey can be further divided into undertypes (e. g. undertypes G1 and G2 in Table 1). Diet of <italic>S. aluco</italic> has been examined more in detail and over a longer period of time especially in following national parks: Slovenský kras, Muránska planina and Veľká Fatra Mts. Samples from other parts of Slovakia are also presented here according to their relevance to particular diet types. Pellets of <italic>S. aluco</italic> were collected over a longer period of time (up to 30 years) in several sites and it is chronological periodicity in presentence of diagnostic species, which stands in focus. Long-term changes in <italic>S. aluco</italic> diet during Holocene were examined in two parts of Veľká Fatra Mts, which are influenced by climatic changes as well as human activity (deforestation and pasture). The author has occasionally collected pellets of <italic>S. aluco</italic> in several mountains of Europe between Western Alps and Caucasus and from northern border in <italic>S. aluco</italic> areal, from Trondheim area in Norway. Furthermore, the author presents hereby his own material from pellets of <italic>S. aluco</italic> from the Middle East to Himalaya (in particular countries of Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Iran, Kyrgyzstan and Nepal).</abstract>

Spatial and temporal diversity of the diet of the tawny owl (<italic>Strix aluco</italic>)

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The annual survival rate of adult raptors is an important parameter in population dynamics and is needed to derive measures for population stability and conservation management. Here we studied adult European honey buzzards (<italic>Pernis apivorus</italic>), a migratory land bird, using satellite telemetry throughout the year for up to three years. We used the Kaplan-Meier method of survival estimation in combination with the distribution density function for survival. This function describes the number of survivors N as a function of time t, based on the survival rate SR. This probabilistic extension of the Kaplan-Meier estimator results in a simple method that does not require a commercial statistical program to extract survival rates from event time analysis. It can be applied to analysing any event-time data, not only telemetry results but also ring recoveries, as demonstrated using European honey buzzards as an example. The average adult survival rate in our study, based on permanent satellite telemetry monitoring, was 0.44/year (linear correlation factor f = 0.99). This implies an adult mortality rate of 0.56 per year. It seems that particularly unfavourable weather conditions during the crossing of the Sahara and the Mediterranean led to this high mortality rate of our birds during migration from 2001 to 2011, but is likely to vary greatly from year to year. However, the loss rate in the wintering area was also high, at one third of the birds. More honey buzzards need to be tracked throughout the year to assess factors affecting survival and threats to populations adequately.
</abstract>

Annual survival rates of satellite-tracked adult European honey buzzards (<italic>Pernis apivorus</italic>) based on the Kaplan-Meier estimator and its probabilistic extension

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The Eurasian eagle-owl (<italic>Bubo bubo</italic>) has adapted to hunt local fauna that are subject to the influence of human agricultural activities. In the sparse forests, marshes and lakes of the mountainous regions of central Norway, the eagle-owl’s diet is dominated by small mammals and gallinaceous birds, but the common frog <italic>Rana temporaria</italic> features more frequently in regions near the fjords, with various species of seabirds predominating on some islands. The eagle-owls, breeding in several protected regions of the Czech Republic, hunting in agricultural areas small mammals and game animals in addition to waterbirds nesting by fishponds. In Slovakia, the majority of the eagle-owl population nests on the edges of mountain valleys. In the past, they hunted small mammals and amphibians on pastureland located deep in the mountains, but they have adapted to hunting larger prey in more intensively farmed valleys. Predominantly in the eastern part of Turkey, the diet of Eurasian eagle-owl hunting on natural mountain steppes has been studied, where mammals of the family Cricetidae dominate. In the arid conditions of the southern countries of Syria, Jordan and Israel, mammals of the Gerbillinae sub-family predominated in addition to a higher proportion of birds. In the more variable areas of Iran, eagle-owl diets feature a wide range of indigenous mammals and birds, with different species represented in several territories. Studies from the edges of the Fergana Valley in southern Kyrgyzstan found differences in the diets of eagle-owls living at lower elevations and those living higher in the mountains, while birds were the predominant prey in the Kalek site. Smaller samples of eagle-owl diets were also collected in the Altai Mountains of Mongolia, the Barguzinsky Mountains to the east of Lake Baikal and the Vaida Mountain on Sakhalin Island. The results presented in this study can also contribute to our knowledge about the fauna of the above-mentioned regions.
</abstract>

The diet of the Eurasian eagle-owl (<italic>Bubo bubo</italic>) in various natural environments across Eurasia

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The laying of two clutches in a single breeding season can increase the fitness of the parent birds and stabilise a population. Our study analysed the rate of second-breeding attempts in the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) population in the Czech Republic. In the research, a total of 8,049 common kestrel nests were checked between 1979 and 2019. Of the 1,197 breeding events recorded during the study period in Moravia, 1,184 cases were first clutches and 13 cases (1.1%) were second breeding attempts. In Bohemia, a total of 6,852 breeding events were observed during the same study period, of which 6,811 were first clutches, 32 cases were late breeding attempts and 9 cases (0.1%) were second clutches. Second breeding events occurred only rarely, mainly during population outbreaks of prey species. During the mass outbreak of the common vole (Microtus arvalis) population in the Czech Republic in 2019, 5 (5.2%) of the 97 studied common kestrel pairs nested for the second time in Moravia; in Bohemia, second clutches were recorded in 3 (8.1%) of the 37 studied pairs. The second breeding attempts were recorded at an altitude of 272 ± 123 m (mean ± SD, range 179–560 m, n = 22) and commenced between 24 June and 25 July (29 June on average, n = 5). The range of the time gap between the first and the second clutch was 54 to 92 days (70.8 ± 16.3 days, n = 5). The second clutches consisted of an average of 4.1 ± 0.9 eggs (range 3–6, n = 12), with an average of 3.7 ± 0.9 fledglings in each successful breeding pair (range 2–5, n = 11) and 2.6 ± 1.9 fledglings for each initiated breeding attempt (range 0–5, n = 16).
</abstract>

Second-breeding events of the common kestrel (<italic>Falco tinnunculus</italic>) in the Czech Republic

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The diet of the endemic Cyprus scops owl (<italic>Otus cyprius</italic>) was studied for the first time during the breeding season 2021 in 7 nesting sites from 6 sampling locations using the pellet analysis (n = 65 pellets). Insects, mostly Orthoptera and Coleoptera, comprised the bulk of the owl diet (87% abundance, 31% biomass), whereas small mammals and reptiles were important in terms of biomass, with 41% and 24%, respectively. Birds were the lowest prey order, with 0.6% abundance and 3.6% biomass. The most essential insects were grasshoppers (Acrididae) (17%) and scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae) (6%). From vertebrate prey, Mus spp. (23.7%), Mediterranean house gecko (<italic>Hemidactylus turcicus</italic>) (8%), Cyprus spiny mice (<italic>Acomys nesiotes</italic>) (8%), juvenile black rats (<italic>Rattus rattus</italic>) (7%), and Cyprus agamas (<italic>Laudakia cypriaca</italic>) (5%) stand out as % biomass. Predation on a bat species (<italic>Pipistrellus</italic> sp.) by scops owl was documented for the first time in Cyprus. The estimated prey biomass ranged from 0.1 – 25 grams, averaging 2.1 g.
</abstract>

Food habits of the endemic Cyprus scops owl (<italic>Otus cyprius</italic>) during the breeding season

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Beak deformities may be permanent or temporary and are caused by various factors. Despite its vast geographical area in India, there has been little research on beak deformities in wild birds, and few cases have been reported. In the present study, we described, as far as we know, the first known report of a beak deformity in the Egyptian vulture (<italic>Neophron percnopterus percnopterus</italic>) worldwide. On 6 January 2014, the first author (HP) recorded the Egyptian vulture with a heavily deformed bill on the garbage dump in Jorbeed, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. The causes of the bill abnormality in this individual are unknown, but our record increases the knowledge of the presence of development deformities in Egyptian vultures. We highlight the importance of photographs as a valuable tool for documenting bird beak deformities. In conclusion, we encourage other researchers to report the records of beak deformities, which is necessary for a better understanding of this phenomenon and its insights into the ecological and physiological implications of this condition considerably affecting bird survival.
</abstract>

Bill deformities in Egyptian vulture (<italic>Neophron percnopterus percnopterus</italic>): a noteworthy record from Rajasthan, India

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Using global position system (GPS) technology, we tracked an adult female greater spotted eagle (<italic>Clanga clanga</italic>) on its wintering grounds in the Sudan-South Sudan borderland during 2005–2015. There were 10 909 GPS locations for this bird in the non-breeding range. Throughout the study, the eagle showed fidelity to its wintering grounds. The non-breeding season coincided with the dry season. The median arrival date was 11 October (n = 10). The median departure date (n = 10) was 4 March, and was less variable than the arrival date. The 95% kernel density estimate (KDE) for all years was 33 838 km2, and the 50% KDE encompassed 6 585 km2. The wintering range was split between two areas, west and east, with the eagle typically arriving in the western area, where it stayed for some time. It then moved about 330 km to the eastern area, where it would remain for a few weeks before departing for Europe in the spring. In both the western and eastern subareas, the annual home ranges overlapped to a variable extent (14–99%). The high degree of fidelity to the wintering grounds shown by this bird was mirrored by the behaviours of two other adult greater spotted eagles that we tracked (using &gt;1 tracking devices) for 15 years that wintered in South Sudan and Turkey. The number of greater spotted eagles that winter in Africa is a matter of speculation, although virtually all individuals are likely to pass through a narrow corridor near Suez, Egypt. Collectively, these tracking data and the findings of other studies suggest that greater spotted eagles from the western parts of the European breeding range often move to Africa. Further, the Sudd wetlands in South Sudan are important for greater spotted eagles and other rare bird species during the non-breeding season.
</abstract>

Ranging behaviour of an adult female greater spotted eagle (<italic>Clanga clanga</italic>) wintering in Sudan for 10 years, as revealed by satellite telemetry

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>Food of the Barn Owl (<italic>Tyto alba</italic>) in the Eastern Mediterranean</title>The composition of the Barn Owl (<italic>Tyto alba</italic>) diet analysed from pellets collected in several regions of the Eastern Mediterranean is presented. In total, 27 samples from 21 sites in S Italy, S Greece (incl. Crete), S Turkey, NW Syria, SW Lebanon, N Israel, and N Egypt were composed of 8842 prey individuals. Mammals represented the dominant part of the prey (90% of the identified prey individuals, comprising 44 species). Birds were less abundant (7%), however, their diversity was enormous (64 species). Amphibians and reptiles were rarely represented in the diet (0.9%), while invertebrates we found more often (2.2%). The relative abundance of particular prey items in the Barn Owl diet was analysed in four geographical regions: (a) SE Europe (Calabria, Peloponnese, Crete), (b) Levantine parts of Turkey and Syria, (c) Lebanon and N Israel, and (d) N Egypt. In complex evaluation of the sample set, endemic forms composed a special group of prey items: <italic>Microtus savii, Sorex samniticus</italic>, and <italic>Talpa romana</italic> in Calabria; <italic>Microtus thomasi</italic> in Peloponnese; <italic>Acomys minous</italic> in Crete; and <italic>Gerbillus amoenus</italic> in Egypt. Another group of prey is represented by typical Levantine species: <italic>Microtus guentheri, Meriones tristrami, Apodemus mystacinus</italic>, and <italic>Rana ridibunda. Apodemus flavicollis</italic> and <italic>Crocidura leucodon</italic> were more abundant in Calabria while less abundant in the Levant. Synanthropic mammals (<italic>Mus</italic> spp., <italic>Rattus rattus, Suncus etruscus, Crocidura suaveolens</italic>) and birds (<italic>Passer domesticus</italic>) represented a significant part of the diet in the majority of the studied area.</abstract>

Comenius University, Botanical Garden, SK-038 15 Blatnica, Slovakia

Department of Zoology, National Musem (Natural History), Václavské nám. 68, CZ-115 79 Praha, Czech Republic & Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic

Food of the Barn Owl (<italic>Tyto alba</italic>) in the Eastern Mediterranean

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Black kites of the nominal subspecies <italic>Milvus migrans migrans</italic> breed in the Western Palearctic and in Central Asia, while the European population is relatively small. The birds winter mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. Until 2000 winter observations of black kites were rare in Greece, and also within the tri-point border area of Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. At that time regular wintering of black kites started there. These data and evidence from recent local literature as well as from a number of unpublished data obtained throughout European countries and reviewed in this paper corroborate the impression that numbers of black kites wintering in Europe and the whole Mediterranean area including Turkey are increasing. The reasons considered are climate warming in the area and some negative changes in sub-Saharan Africa in the traditional wintering grounds of black kites. Notes about the wintering of black/red kite hybrids are also added.</abstract>

Common wintering of black kites (<italic>Milvus migrans migrans</italic>) in Greece, and new data on their wintering elsewhere in Europe

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> This study investigated the effects of the first generation anticoagulant rodenticide chlorophacinone and the second generation rodenticide bromadiolone on the population and breeding performances of barn owls at oil palm plantations. Three treatment plots were established: one baited with chlorophacinone, one with bromadiolone, and the third kept rodenticide-free. Four rat-baiting campaigns which coincided with barn owl breeding season were carried in the rodenticide-treated plots. The occupancy rate of nest boxes, clutch size, brood size and fledging rates of the barn owls in each plot were monitored weekly throughout the study. Freshly regurgitated pellets from barn owls were collected from all occupied nest boxes at weekly intervals during the development of nestlings in each breeding season. The results show that the occupancy rate of the nest boxes was significantly higher in the rodenticide-free area compared with both rodenticide-treated areas. Similarly, the breeding performances, such as clutch size, brood size and fledging success, were higher in the rodenticide-free area compared with the rodenticide-treated areas. Results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that 20.56% (mean residue: 1 .335 ± 0.073 lg/g) and 28.89% (mean residue: 0.777 ± 0.032 lg/g) of the collected regurgitated pellet samples from the rodenticide-treated areas contained bromadiolone and chlorophacinone residue, respectively. The mean brood size and fledging success of the barn owls showed a strong negative correlation with the mean concentration of rodenticide residues present in the regurgitated pellets and with the percentages of pellets detected having such residues (R2 k 0.44, P &lt; 0.05). Similarly, the mean clutch size of barn owls was negatively correlated with the mean concentration of rodenticide residues and with the percentages of pellets detected with these residues. However, the correlation was not significantly different (R2 k 0.34, P &gt; 0.05). In general, the higher the amount of residues detected, the lower the breeding performance parameters measured in this study</abstract>

Department of Plant Protection, Faculty ofAgriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Crop Protection Division, Felda Agricultural Services Sdn Bhd, Tun Razak Agriculture Research Centre, 27000, Pahang, Malaysia

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11 800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia

Sub-lethal effects of the anticoagulant rodenticides bromadiolone and chlorophacinone on breeding performances of the barn owl (Tyto alba) in oil palm plantations

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>Trend and conservation of saker falcon (<italic>Falco cherrug</italic>) population in western Slovakia between 1976 and 2010</title>During the 35-year study period (1976-2010) the nesting distribution, population size and dynamics, as well as negative factors influencing the saker falcon population in western Slovakia were surveyed. After 1993 all of the nesting pairs have gradually resettled to the neighbouring agrocoenoses, previously used for hunting and wintering. This process was considerably influenced by management practices, especially the installation of 151 nest boxes on electricity pylons in lowland agrocoenoses in western Slovakia. Since 2009 all pairs have been nesting in agrocoenoses. During the last decade the number of nesting pairs has increased 145% and the nesting area of the saker has increased three-fold in western Slovakia. Data about 47 pairs and 345 nesting events were used to evaluate the population trend. The pairs raised 797 fledglings in 247 successful breeding attempts. Average success for all breeding attempts was 2.3 fledglings, and 3.2 fledglings for successful breeding attempts. The main reasons for losses during the study period are considered to be drastic changes in feeding and breeding habitats, illegal shooting and poisoning as well as nest robberies.</abstract>

Trend and conservation of saker falcon (<italic>Falco cherrug</italic>) population in western Slovakia between 1976 and 2010

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Between 2008 and 2015 we collected pellets of the Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) in the Trøndelag region of central Norway and identified the food remains in these samples. We collected material at 45 sites with samples from a total of 76 nests. Some of the samples were from older and already abandoned nests, but at several sites we also found and collected fresh B. bubo pellets. In total 40,766 items of prey were identified from the osteological material. The most dominant food components were mammals (Mammalia, 25 species, 63.5%). The species representation of birds was very diverse (Aves, more than 150 species, 19.4%). Of amphibians (Amphibia, 1 6.8%), the well-represented species were Rana temporaria. Fish (Pisces, 0.3%) were represented rarely, while invertebrates were represented only sporadically (Invertebrata, 0.05%). A special composition was found in the diet spectra of the mammals and birds in the mountainous areas at altitudes between 220-780 m above sea level. The highest proportion of frogs was found in areas in the proximity of the mainland shore. On the northern islands located near the coast a significant proportion of the B. bubo diet consisted of rodents (Rodentia). On the more isolated southern islands of Frøya, Hitra and Storfosna the main prey was sea birds, and of the mammals there were also hedgehogs and rats.</abstract>

Comenius University in Bratislava, Botanical Garden, SK-038 15 Blatnica,

Norwegian Ornithological Society, NO-7012 Trondheim,

The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) diet in the Trøndelag region (Central Norway)

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Raptor Journal

Formerly known as Slovak Raptor Journal (2007 – 2018) The Journal of Raptor Protection of Slovakia

 Journal for science, research and conservation on birds of prey and owls. Raptor Journal (formerly known as Slovak Raptor Journal) is issued generally annually and publishes...

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 Journal for science, research and conservation on birds of prey and owls. Raptor Journal (formerly known as Slovak Raptor Journal) is...

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Raptor Journal

Formerly known as Slovak Raptor Journal (2007 – 2018) The Journal of Raptor Protection of Slovakia

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