<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
During the coronavirus pandemic neurology departments were forced to treat diseases that had hitherto been treated by other specialities. In our case presentation, we describe an unusual association of two diseases that raised interesting questions regarding differential diagnostics and has not yet been presented in the literature.
A 34-year-old male patient was admitted to the neurology department with an urgent referral because of impaired speech comprehension and expression upon awakening. He had a history of anticoagulant therapy for thrombosis of the posterior tibial artery, discontinued after two weeks. Physical examination revealed a 1 cm diameter painful lump in the subcutis of his right thigh and a systolic murmur over the mitral and aortic valves. Nonenhanced head CT showed a small hemorrhage near the occipital horn of the left ventricle, which could not explain the mixed aphasia. In addition, the SWAN MRI sequence showed supra- and infratentorial microbleeds, suggesting cavernomatosis, which was confirmed by the detection of another typical popcorn-like bleeding cavernoma on repeated MRI examination. Due to the heart murmurs and positive inflammatory markers, a detailed cardiac examination was warranted, confirming infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus gordonii. Due to COVID-19-related regulations the patient couldn’t be transferred to the Department of Cardiology or Infectious Diseases, thus his treatment and follow-up was carried out at the Department of Neurology. Following targeted antibiotic treatment the patient’s symptoms resolved and he underwent successful cardiac surgery 7 weeks after his discharge in a symptom-free state.
The peculiarity of the case lies in the fact that the clinical picture and course of the disease, consistent with the diagnosis of infective endocarditis suggested cerebral septic emboli with microbleeds, but cerebral cavernomatosis was confirmed by brain imaging.
</abstract>

Cerebral microbleeds in a young patient – case presentation with rare disease association and literature review

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>A broad spectrum of chemotherapy is being used in the therapy of childhood cancers, which may induce liver injury, impairing quality of life and efficacy of the treatment. History of, especially viral, liver diseases may increase toxicity. The aim of the paper is to assess the incidence, type and grade, predisposing factors and treatment options of drug-induced liver injury in children with malignant diseases under cytostatic therapy at the Hemato-Oncology Department of the Pediatric Clinic 2 from Targu-Mures, over a time period spanning from 2012 to 2017. The results of the study may serve as a foundation for such treatment strategies which would enable optimal outcomes with fewer cases of liver toxicity.During this period, we treated 26 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), two patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), one patient with lymphoma and seven with solid tumors. We found liver toxicity in 77% of the patients treated for ALL, mainly during the maintenance therapy (65%) with oral 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate. The most common clinical signs were anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and faltering weight gain. Cholestasis developed in two patients, while hepatocytolysis was the most common observed event (n = 24). Liver fibrosis, hypersplenism, portal hypertension and esophageal varices were found in two patients. One patient required endoscopic ligation of esophageal varices. Elevation of serum bilirubin appeared in two patients, while hypoproteinemia was observed in nine patients. None of the patients developed acute liver failure. We treated liver toxicity with hydration, alkalinization, i.v. Aspatofort, Aminosteril-N Hepa 8%, oral acetylcysteine, silymarin, ursodeoxycholic acid, Liv-52, Sargenor, and Essentiale forte.We found hepatotoxicity in 77% of the ALL patients undergoing chemotherapy, similar results have been published by other authors.Hepatotoxicity may develop through direct hepatic effects of cytostatics, or a preexisting liver disease impairs the metabolism and excretion of the drug, increasing its toxic effects. In our patients hepatotoxicity can be explained mainly by direct liver-injury, previous infections with hepatotropic viruses, such as cytomegalovirus, were detected only in three patients.Liver injury appeared in 77% of our ALL patients; 65% occurred during maintenance therapy with oral 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate. Close followup of liver function during chemotherapy is mandatory for optimal results.</abstract>

Chemotherapy induced liver toxicity in children with malignant diseases

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrine disease among women with childbearing potential, the best-known cause of hirsutism, with a hypothesized prevalence of 8-22%. The first part of the paper discusses the conceptional evolution of the syndrome, from its description in 1935 by Stein and Leventhal till today. It describes the changes in the criteria systems, emphasizing that the Rotterdam criteria, proposed in 2003 by the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology/American Society for Reproductive Medicine, are still valid today. This system basically differs from earlier (1990) NIH-criteria in one aspect: it introduced two newer phenotypes, one without hyperandrogenism and the other with ovulatory cycles, so it distinguishes 4 phenotypes. The etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS is heterogeneous, multifactorial, poorly understood. We present the 3 leading hypotheses (1 - hypothalamo-hypophyseal disturbances, 2 – primary enzyme disorders in ovarian, or ovarian/adrenal steroidogenesis, resulting primarily in hyperactivity of 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase, 3 – insulin resistance-hyperinsulinism and other metabolic dysfunctions). We emphasize the role of genetically determined hyperandrogenism, that of insulin resistance-hyperinsulinism and the importance of reinforcing each other. Subsequently, the aggravating aspects of the frequently associated metabolic syndrome are discussed, and then the effects of the mentioned pathological processes on the endocrine and other organ structures participating in the regulation of sexual functions. We stress the hypothetical role of perinatal and pubertal androgen exposition in the pathogenesis of PCOS. The mechanisms of anovulation and those of the endometrial lesions are discussed, too. The clinical manifestations, the paraclinical and laboratory examinations, the positive and differential diagnosis and the complications are also presented. We intend to deal with the therapeutic aspects of PCOS in an upcoming paper.</abstract>

Current aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome I: definition, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and complications

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Two editions of the epoch-making first Hungarian pharmacopoeia (1871, 1888) were published in the 19th century. In the 20th century, this was followed by five more editions of the National Pharmacopoeia.
There were many prominent Transylvanian specialists among the co-workers of these publications (III. - VII., 1909-1986) Lajos Dávid, senior dr. Béla Issekutz, dr.Zsigmond Jakabházy, junior dr. Miklós Jancsó, László Kovács, Dénes Kőszegi, István Novák, Tibor Széki, Lajos Winkler representing almost all fields of pharmacology and pharmacy. Their role in the field of Hungarian medical and pharmacist training, education and organization of scientific research proved to be perpetual.
On the 150th anniversary of the publication of the first Hungarian pharmacopoeia, with this study we pay tribute to the memory of these outstanding scientists and their endeavour to create lasting values.
</abstract>

The 150th anniversary of the Hungarian Pharmacopoiea – the role of Transsylvanian-born professionals. The challenges of the third millennium

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The idea of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), which is considered the gold standard in the evaluation of thyroid nodules, occasionally elicits fear on the part of patients that often results in delays to the procedure. Our aim was to analyze the difference between the intensity of pain imagined or expected, before and the real pain experienced during the procedure, and also some of the factors influencing it.Materials and methods. Questionnaires were used, answered by 103 patients. Sampling was performed without local anesthesia using 25G diameter needles. The first page of the questionnaire was completed before and the second page after the intervention. A numerical pain scale was used to indicate the expected (pre-procedure) and perceived (post-procedure) intensity of pain.Results. The mean age of the patients was 54 years, and 76% had not yet undergone such procedure. In all patients, the intensity of pain experienced during the intervention itself was less than what patients expected (p &lt;0.0001). First-time goers expected greater pain compared to those who had already underwent such a procedure (p = 0.0163). For those who had already underwent such a procedure, there was no difference between the intensity of expected pain and the intensity of experienced pain (p = 0.6307). The pain perception decreased with age, both before (r2 = 0.01925) and during the procedure (r2 = 0.03045). Patients who graduated only primary school were more afraid of the pain (58%) as opposed to graduates of secondary and higher education (23–24%), members of the latter group were rather preoccupied with the outcome of the cytological report.Discussions, conclusions. We studied the intensity of expected and experienced pain associated with thyroid aspiration cytology, and some of the factors that may influence this. The level of expected pain appears to be influenced by patient awareness, as those who underwent for the first time a thyroid aspiration, expected significantly more pain than they actually experienced. In conclusion, the general characteristics of patients who experienced greater pain after the procedure were those with low levels of awareness or complete absence thereof, younger age and lower levels of education. We believe that proper patient education significantly reduces the procrastination of the procedure of thyroid FNAC and alleviates patients ’anxiety, thereby aiding them to receive prompt and appropriate care.</abstract>

The perception of pain associated with thyroid fine needle aspiration before and after the procedure

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>On 31st of December 1895 Gyula Wlassics (1852-1937), minister of religion and education, published his Decree No 72 039, which allowed women to study medical science, pharmacy and humanities at universities. In Kolozsvár Gizella Kárpáti was the first woman who registered at the Faculty of Medicine of Ferenc József University.Gizella Kárpáti was born in Kolozsvár on 3rd August 1884. After finishing secondary school in June 1902, in the autumn of the same year she registered at the Faculty of Medicine. The marks she got at the university examinations in the following 10 semesters proved that she could cope with her task. In the years spent at the university she met medical student József Szabó (born in 1882) whom she married later. They both started their medical career at Károly Lechner’s Neuro-Psychiatry Institute. From 1909 Gizella Kárpáti was a payed assistant, from 1911 she became assistant lecturer. Her husband became an assistant lecturer from the year 1908, then he was appointed lecturer and then honorary lecturer. Meanwhile he had to go to the front where he was followed by his wife. In 1919, after the professors of the university refused the act of swearing the oath of allegiance, they both made their escape from Kolozsvár together with the greater part of their fellow professors. After a short time they settled in Szeged, where József Szabó was appointed university professor. Here he published his book „Elmekórtan” in 1925. In the 1927-28 academic year he became dean, then vice-dean of the Faculty of Medicine, but in the year 1929 he died unexpectedly. In Szeged, Gizella Kárpáti being engaged in bringing up her two children, did not work as a physician. One of her children, Miklós, continued his parents’ profession, and became a physician. Gizella and her children returned to Kolozsvár for a short time, between 1940-1944, then they moved to Budapest and finally they settled in Szeged again. In 1929 József Szabó and in 1953 Gizella Kárpáti were entombed in one of the graves of honour of the Szeged central cemetery.</abstract>

Commemoration of Kárpáti Gizella, the first woman who took her degree in medical science in Kolozsvár at Ferenc József University

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
A correct diagnosis of any ovarian mass is essential to ensure that patients receive the right treatment. A number of scoring systems have been set up to make diagnosis easier. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the accuracy and limitations of three different diagnostic methods, IOTA Simple Rules, ADNEX Model, and RMI. In our prospective study, we investigated patients with ovarian pathology admitted for surgery to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic I, Târgu Mures, in 2022. All patients underwent vaginal ultrasound examination before surgery. The diagnostic scoring systems mentioned above were used for the clinical evaluation of the ovarian screenings, which were compared with the results of the histological specimens obtained during surgery. We applied the IOTA Simple Rules method to our patients, in 111 out of the total 127 cases (87.41%). The sensitivity of the method was 91.67% and the specificity was 89.66%. The ADNEX Model and RMI provided interpretable results in all cases. The first method had a sensitivity of 89.19% and a specificity of 86.67%, while the second one had a sensitivity of 75.68% and a specificity of 88.89%. All three of the tested methods are simple to use and have good efficacy. However, the results of RMI are strongly influenced by the serum CA-125 level, which makes the IOTA Simple Rules and the ADNEX Model more reliable.
</abstract>

The comparison of IOTA Simple Rules, ADNEX Model, and RMI prediction models used in the diagnosis of ovarian tumours

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The tumor microenvironment has a fundamental role in the escape phenomenon of cancerous cells from the immune surveillance, the immunological protective mechanisms of the host. These cells produce active substances that can bind to and stimulate the inhibitory immune checkpoints (CTLA-4, PD1 etc.) expressed on the cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and other immunocompetenT-cells, thus inhibiting the immune defense. The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), introduced in therapeutic use in 2011, are human or humanized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that block the immune checkpoints, and thus release the inhibition, restoring the antitumoral immune defense. After the description of their mechanism of action, the clinical applications of anti-CTLA-4 mAbs ipilimumab and tremelimumab, anti-PD1-antibodies nivolumab and pembrolizumab, and the anti-PD-L1-antibodies are presented. The ICIs are used mainly in inoperable and advanced tumors, but this fact is not a rigorous rule, and their therapeutic indications have been and will continue to expand. The next section summarizes new research directions that are also needed, because primary and adaptive resistance to ICIs exists, the latter developing during therapy. In an unselected population, ICIs are therapeutically efficient only in about 20-30% of patients, but these will be long-term survivors. Not rarely the therapeutic effect is preceded by a transient pseudoprogression. Tumors with high mutation burden (melanoma, lung, and bladder cancers) respond much better to ICI therapy, because they produce more neoantigens; this is the case in the “hot” tumors, too, because in these tumor-infiltrating immune cells are markedly present. Their application would require reliable predictive biomarkers, but there are few of them so far, e.g., investigation of PD-L1 expression, and diagnostic tests associated to ICIs. This first part of the review ends with problems regarding therapy resistance and their possible solutions.
</abstract>

Therapeutic importance, general and endocrine adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors I: mechanism of action and therapeutic use

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In our series, we have commemorated a number of Transylvanian-born scientists who have made a mark in the field of chemical and pharmaceutical sciences. One of them was Vilmos Hankó (1854-1923), born in Parajd, who had a unique career. He graduated as a chemistry teacher and received his doctorate from the University of Cluj-Napoca. His activities were extremely rich and varied. After Déva, he was a teacher and then director of one of the most famous high schools of Budapest for 36 years. In addition to his teaching activities, he has made significant contributions to the analysis and description of natural treasures (minerals, mineral waters) and to the modernization of science. He is the author of numerous books and has a very rich publication, textbook and editorial output. He was elected a corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in recognition of his work. He died 100 years ago in Budapest.
</abstract>

Famous Hungarian naturalists of Transylvanian origin: course of life of Vilmos Hankó – from Parajd to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Background: Based on cross-sectional studies, there is a link between body composition parameters and steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether long-term changes in different body composition parameters will result in NAFLD resolution is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the literature on longitudinal studies evaluating the association between NAFLD resolution and body composition change.
Methods: Based on the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook, we performed a systematic search on September 26th, 2021, in four databases: Embase, MEDLINE (via PubMed), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Eligible studies reported on patients with NAFLD (liver fat &gt;5%) and examined the correlation between body composition improvement and a decrease in steatosis. We did not have pre-defined body composition or steatosis measurement criteria. Next, we calculated pooled correlation coefficient (r) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results: We identified 15 eligible studies, of which 5 five studies were included in our quantitative synthesis. Based on two studies with 85 patients, we found a pooled correlation coefficient of r=0.49 (CI: 0.22-0.69, Spearman’s correlation) between the change of visceral adipose tissue and liver steatosis. Similarly, based on three studies with 175 patients, the correlation was r=0.33 (CI: 0.19-0.46, Pearson’s correlation). On the other hand, based on two studies with 163 patients, the correlation between subcutaneous adipose tissue change and liver steatosis change was r=0.42 (CI: 0.29-0.54, Pearson’s correlation).
Conclusion: Based on the included studies, body composition improvement is associated with a decrease in liver fat content in NAFLD.
</abstract>

Improved body composition is associated with reduced steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Alexander Fleming, the Scottish bacteriologist, discovered penicillin 95 years ago, which has been an important drug used in the therapy of bacterial infections for eight decades. This event can be interpreted as one of the greatest scientific achievements of the 20th century. The significance of this life-saving medicine is often reflected in various artworks. The portrait of the discoverer as well as the illustration of Penicillium mould is frequently met on postage stamps.Mycophilately is a distinct area in the thematic collection of stamps, with increasing interest, encompassing the collection of stamps that illustrate fungi. Stamps with penicillin-related themes can be utilized as resources to study the cultural history of penicillin.The purpose of this paper is to present the illustration of this significant scientific discovery on postage stamps.
</abstract>

Penicillin and mycophilately

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Introduction: Diseases related to the elderly, including osteoporosis and the resulting fractures have a high incidence and are characterized by a high risk of early death. Most hip fractures are treated surgically. Its cost projections vary widely depending on the region, the level of institutional care, and the surgical solutions used.
Material and method: We performed a retrospective study using hospital data from 2018-2019. The study included patients whose main diagnosis was: S72.0 - femoral neck fracture, S72.1 - pertrochanteric fracture, S72.2 - subtrochanteric fracture. We used hospital data from seven Romanian counties, Arad, Arges, Bucharest, Szilágy, Temes, Tulcea and Vaslui.
Results: Women were significantly more affected (68.3%) than men, however the risk of mortality was 1.7 times higher among men. The average age was 77.2 years, 86% of the patients were over 65 years old. Most patients (69.3% ) were urban residents, but they were also characterized by a higher LOS and mortality.
Discussion: Fracture types, gender distribution and correlation with urbanization of the fractures are consistent with international epidemiological data. Regression analysis shows a significant correlation between the length of hospital stay and the following variables: gender, environment, age, diagnosis, type of hospital and death. Regarding the average time of hospital stay, the shortest duration of hospitalization was in Vaslui and Tulcea (9.59 and 9.79 days), while the longest (13.42 and 14.61 days) were in Arad and Arges counties.
Conclusions: On average, the patient hospitalization time in the examined counties is higher (13 days) than the Romanian average (11 days). Mortality is significantly higher among men, urban residents and those who suffer subtrochanteric fractures. Regarding the costs per patient of fractures, it can be said that Arad is the most economical, while Salaj county is the least cost-effective.
</abstract>

Correlations of hospital length of stay and mortality with the osteoporotic hip-fracture type, treatment, the sociodemographic and hospital variables

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Pharmacist Winkler Lajos, PhD (1863-1939, born in Arad), professor at the University of Sciences from Budapest and member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, is considered the founder of modern analytical chemistry and drug analysis in Hungary.He has developed and perfected a series of methods of volumetric and gravimetric analysis. Its original method, developed in 1888 for the determination of dissolved oxygen in water, is still used today.Winkler Lajos also played an important role in the development of pharmaceutical education in Hungary</abstract>

Famous hungarian chemists and pharmacists – modern chemistry founders. Part I. 1.2. Lajos Winkler

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Tibor Széki pharmacist, professor of pharmacy, member of the Hungarian Academy of Science, co-worker at Kolozsvár University, rector at Szeged University, professor of Budapest. He was a talented teacher, intuitive researcher, well organizing (founder of several institutes of chemistry) and public personality. His importance is beyond dispute in development of Hungarian chemical education.</abstract>

Famous Hungarian chemists and pharmacists: Tibor Széki

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The aim of the study was to explore dietary supplements containing Echinacea on the Romanian market and their qualitative characterization.
The products available on the market were aggregated in 2018, through an electronic search based on the register of the Romanian Medicine Agency (Agenția Națională a Medicamentului şi a Dispozitivelor Medicale din România – ANMDMR) and the list of dietary supplements registered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Institutul Național de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Bioresurse Alimentare – IBA București, Serviciul național pentru plante medicinale, aromatice și produse ale stupului). There are no Echinacea containing medicines registered in Romania. However, there are 58 dietary supplements in the register, 52% of which are mono-components, 29% contain other herbs, plant extract or vitamins, while 19% are registered as tea. The label of 80% of monocomponent products and 76% of multicomponent supplements contains insufficient information: the plant name, its used part and processing methods (grist, extract, quantity) are not clearly identified. Among the listed dietary supplements, the 12 most commonly used formulations in pharmaceutical practice were subjected to phytochemical chromatographic evaluation: TLC and/or HPLC analysis were used. Three of seven monocomponent products showed proper chromatographic fingerprint, by TLC analysis. One monocomponent sample did not have an adequate chromatographic fingerprint. The labelling of multicomponent products was not appropriate. The TLC test suggests that based on the resulting fingerprint they contain E. purpureae herba. However, due to the presence of other components, the TLC does not allow a clear conclusion regarding the exact composition of the products.
The developed HPLC method enables quantification of the concentration of caffeic acid, chicoric acid, echinacoside, chlorogenic and caftaric acids mixture in dietary supplements. None of the tested products contained echinacoside, which is a specific component of E. angustifolia and E. pallida root. In our method, the quantification of caftaric acid is approximate, because it partially overlaps the chlorogenic acid, which is a common component of plant samples, but negligible in Echinacea sp. The tested dietary supplements have a caffeic acid content of 20-140 µg/g, a chicoric acid content of 0.19-2.64 mg/g; the mixture of chlorogenic and caftartic acid is about 0.23-2.07 mg/g.
</abstract>

Mapping of Echinacea-based food supplements on the Romania market and qualitative evaluation of the most commonly used products

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Pax Corporis is the first book written in Hungarian that presents in detail human diseases, their etiology and treatment. Ferenc Pápai Páriz had completed the manuscript entitled Pax Corporis in 1687, and it was published 3 years later in 1690 in Kolozsvár. Ferenc Pápai Páriz summarized the knowledge he gained during his studies and accumulated during his personal practice. He did not write this book for the professionals but for those poor people who had no access to physician’s care. This was the reason why Pax Corporis was written in Hungarian. Whereas Pápai’s Latin language scripts – for example his doctoral thesis written in Basel – are known to the international scientific community, the Hungarian language Pax Corporis remained unknown for all who were not familiar with the language. For this reason it also remained neglected that in Pax Corporis Ferenc Pápai Páriz had given a detailed description of all four currently acknowledged cardinal signs of Parkinson’s disease – tremor, rigor, bradykinesia and postural instability – and also of other characteristics of the disease 130 years before James Parkinson. The report on the description of the syndrome of Parkinson’s disease in Pax Corporis was presented to the international professional community in 2009. In the current study we evaluated the international recognition of Ferenc Pápai Páriz as one of the first descriptors of all 4 cardinal signs of Parkinson’s disease. We searched scientific citation databases – Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar – and also performed general searches on the web. We found that until April 2018 Pápai Páriz has been cited among those who first described the complete motor syndrome of Parkinson’ disease in Pax Corporis, in many countries of the world from New Zealand to Canada, and also in 16 European countries. Citations appeared in dissertations, scientific publications, textbooks, handbooks, professional websites and other documents. Three centuries after his original Hungarian script, Ferenc Pápai Páriz got his international recognition in medical history as one of the first descriptors of the syndrome of Parkinson’s disease.</abstract>

International recognition of Ferenc Pápai Páriz as one of the first descriptors of all 4 cardinal signs of Parkinson’s disease

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Antimicrobial peptides are natural substances that have played a role in the development of the adaptive immune system, and are currently involved in the prevention of infections, through their direct antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. While the amino acid composition and spatial structure vary, most antibacterial peptides have a positive surface charge, which allows them to bind to the negative bacterial membranes. Buforin II is a widely studied antimicrobial peptide first obtained through the structural modification of buforin I, a peptide isolated from <italic>Bufo gargarizans</italic>. The peptide showed significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The mechanism of action of buforin II differs from that of other antimicrobial peptides, as it binds directly to bacterial DNA and RNA. The aim of our study was to obtain recombinant buforin II with a ubiquitin fusion partner, through heterologous expression in <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> Rosetta™ (DE3)pLysS cells, using a laboratory scale bioreactor. The incubation of expression host cells in a bioreactor allowed the constant monitoring and control of the process parameters, leading to high biomass levels and an increased production rate of the peptide. The parameters used during incubation were: 37°C, pH=6.9 and dissolved oxygen level above 40%. Purification of the recombinant protein was accomplished by affinity chromatography using a Ni-chelate solid phase to which the 10xHistag of our construct showed affinity. Method optimisation consisted in the use of gradient and linear elution, of which the latter was found to be more effective. Digestion of the fusion partner from the target peptide was performed with ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase enzyme. The expression and purification protocols developed in our experiment allow the production of a significant amount of buforin II, allowing its use for further research. Furthermore, the presented methods could be suitable for industrial production of the recombinant peptide..</abstract>

Heterologous Expression and Purification of the Antimicrobial Peptide Buforin II

Bulletin of Medical Sciences

 Why subscribe and read One of the few and last medical journal in the region that is published in Hungarian language with a long history looking back into...

 Why subscribe and read One of the few and last medical journal in the region that is published in Hungarian...

Bulletin of Medical Sciences

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