<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<sec><title style='display:none'>BACKGROUND</title>
One of the pillars of safe motherhood is family planning (FP). The FP program aims to avoid unwanted pregnancies or birth by long-term contraceptive methods (long-acting reversible contraceptives [LARCs]). However, percentages of LARCs usage in Indonesia, in 2017 were still far from the target, 14% per 21.7%. This was influenced by Information Education and Communication given by health-care workers, counseling mechanisms, and mother’s knowledge.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>AIM</title>
This study aims to find a new counseling training technique that may improve the counseling skills of health workers and provide a better outcome (clients’ knowledge and attitude).
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>METHODS</title>
Phase one, a qualitative approach by conducting focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with midwives and clients as the basis for making intensive counseling modules. Phase two, quantitative approach to health-care workers using a t-paired group analysis test. Phase three, analysis using T-unpaired group test for clients.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>RESULTS</title>
The qualitative phase showed that the appropriate LARCs intensive counseling training model was 2 days, 8 h each, emphasizing communication techniques. A significant difference was found in the counseling competition of health-care workers before and after training (p &lt; 0.001). The interest in LARCs after receiving counseling (intensive or others) also showed significant differences (p &lt; 0.001).
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CONCLUSION</title>
The LARCs intensive counseling training module affects the competency of counseling skills and increases the participation of clients.
</sec>
</abstract>

Effect of Intensive Counseling Training on Participation of Clients in Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<sec><title style='display:none'>BACKGROUND</title>
COVID-19, developing hyper-inflammatory reactions, can be a trigger factor for the manifestation or exacerbation of psoriasis in people who have undergone this infection. According to the scientific literature, patients with psoriasis are more likely to be infected with a coronavirus infection than the healthy population. However, they tolerate it in a milder form. At the same time, there have been reported exacerbation cases of the psoriatic process during the active phase of the disease and after experiencing COVID-19.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>AIM</title>
The purpose of the study is to analyze the profiles of cytokines interleukin (IL)-17, IL-10, IL-8. IL-6, IL-4, and IL-1β in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and patients with psoriasis who contracted COVID-19.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>METHODS</title>
We examined two groups of patients: The first group – 46 patients with psoriasis vulgaris in the period of exacerbation of the disease; the second group – 15 patients with exacerbation of psoriasis who contracted a mild or moderately severe coronavirus infection. The control group consisted of 15 conditionally healthy donors. The levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17a, IL-4, and IL-10 in the blood of patients and practically healthy individuals were determined by the enzyme immunoenzymatic method, using the “Human ELISE Kit” reagent sets (Fine Biotech., China), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The difference between the study groups was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U-test. The results were considered significant at p &lt; 0.01. All calculations were carried out using Microsoft Excel (Office 365).
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>RESULTS</title>
Psoriasis patients who have contracted COVID-19 had higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in their blood than patients with psoriasis vulgaris.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CONCLUSION</title>
Increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in the blood of patients with psoriasis may be a trigger factor for acute psoriasis in patients who have suffered from COVID-19.
</sec>
</abstract>

Cytokine Profiles of Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris who Experienced Acute Respiratory Infection with COVID-19

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<sec><title style='display:none'>BACKGROUND</title>
Adolescent marriage in Indonesia is very high, this will have an impact on the psychological aspects of adolescents. Postpartum psychological disorders of adolescent mothers are postpartum blues.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>AIM</title>
The study aimed to identify factors related to the incidence of postpartum blues in adolescent mothers.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>METHODS</title>
This quantitative study used a cross-sectional method involving 90 respondents taken by consecutive sampling. Research sites in Bandung City Special Hospital for Mothers and Children and Al-Ihsan Regional Public Hospital, Bandung District. This research was conducted from May to September 2019. Data collection instruments in this study use the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Pregnancy planning uses the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy questionnaire. Social support uses a postpartum support system and a family coping questionnaire. The last questionnaire is the psychosocial condition of the mother Postpartum Postnatal Risk Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression tests to determine the factors most related to the incidence of postpartum blues in adolescent mothers.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>RESULTS</title>
The results showed that there were 44.4% of adolescent mothers experience postpartum blues. There was a significant relationship between social support and the incidence of postpartum blues (p = 0.001; odds ratio [OR] 11,777; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3604–109,534) and home living also had a significant relationship with the incidence of postpartum blues (p = 0.002; OR = 9,653; 95% CI = 0.001–0.225). A negative B value at the home living indicated that home living is a preventative factor for postpartum blues in adolescent mothers.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CONCLUSIONS</title>
Postpartum blues are influenced by social support, psychosocial conditions, and pregnancy planning. Adolescent mothers need to get attention, especially from their husbands and families during the period of puerperium.
</sec>
</abstract>

Analysis of Factors Related to the Incidence of Postpartum Blues in Adolescent Mother

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<sec><title style='display:none'>BACKGROUND</title>
Ankyloglossia, known as tongue-tie, is an inherited anomaly and is caused by a short nonelastic frenulum that causes limited tongue movement. Because of the limitations of tongue movement, it can affect the quality of speech. Ankyloglossia treatment is to divide or separate fibrous bands or frenuloplasty. The purpose of making this systematic review is to systematically review the results of frenulopasty governance in cases of ankyloglossia related to speech quality.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>AIM</title>
The aim of this systematic review is to explain the original study in patients with Ankiloglosia who underwent a frenectomy procedure on the tongue tie. This study included research evaluating results related to speech quality.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>METHODS</title>
PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Databases, No restrictions on published studies until September 10, 2021. Studies are included if subjects of all ages have ankyloglossia and performed frenuloplasty procedures. The results assessed were the level of speech quality in the subjects of preoperative ankyloglossia and postoperative frenuloplasty.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>RESULTS</title>
Overall, 473 abstracts resulted from literature searches; 13 studies met the criteria for data extraction and analysis. Of the 13 studies, eight studies were Randomize control trial studies and 5 case–control studies. Three studies evaluated speech outcomes using Likert scores, 3 studies using questionnaires, and 7 studies using different assessments pre-operative and post-operative speech quality.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CONCLUSION</title>
Frenuloplasty in subjects with ankyloglossia mostly gives good results in terms of speech quality. Improvements in articulation and mention of consonant phonation improve after frenuloplasty. Frenuloplasty with the 4 flap Z-Plasty Technique provides better results compared to conventional and horizontal vertical frenuloplasty. A long-term study of the correlation of ankyloglossia and speech difficulties and the effects of frenuloplasty is needed.
</sec>
</abstract>

Effectiveness of Frenuloplasty in Ankyloglossia on Speech Quality: A Systematic Review

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<sec><title style='display:none'>BACKGROUND</title>
Abdominal injury caused by blunt trauma is a common presentation in the emergency room. Especially in developing countries like Indonesia, the number of motor vehicle accident in public roads is still high. Eighty percentages of traumatic injury are blunt injury with the majority of deaths which are caused by hypovolemic shock.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CASE DESCRIPTION</title>
A 43-year-old man arrived at the emergency room after motorcycle accident 2 h before. AMPLE and primary survey was conducted: clear airway, spontaneous breathing, BP 70/palpation mmHg, HR 123 times/min, and altered consciousness, in which showed the patient was undergoing hemorrhagic shock. The patient was hemodynamically stable after being given 1 L of normal saline through two intravenous lines. FAST was conducted and intraperitoneal free fluid was seen in Morison’s pouch, left hemithorax, and pouch of Douglass. Chest X-ray showed fracture of ribs 7, 8, and 9 left lateral aspect with minimal hemothorax. After a supporting examination was performed, the patient’s BP dropped to 60/40 mmHg, showing the patient was a “transient responder,” indicating the patient should undergo laparotomy. The patient was given 500 mL colloid with a systolic target of 80–90 mmHg in accordance to permissive hypotension theory ± 1500 mL blood was found inside the abdomen during operation, a splenic rupture grade V was the cause. In the 5th day after surgery, the patient was discharged.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CONCLUSION</title>
Since blunt abdominal trauma could cause intraperitoneal bleeding that leads to hemorrhagic shock; therefore, immediate diagnosis is needed. Multiple trauma management at rural hospital should be concordant to ATLS and Schwartz’s Principles of Surgery.
</sec>
</abstract>

Internal Bleeding Management in Patient with Blunt Abdominal Trauma at Rural Hospital: A Case Report of 40-Year-Old Male with Spleen Rupture

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<sec><title style='display:none'>BACKGROUND</title>
Malaria is an infectious disease that is caused by plasmodium parasites. Malaria is commonly spread by female anopheles mosquitoes carrying the plasmodium parasite, although it can also be transferred through blood transfusion. In the developing world, malaria frequently affects the most vulnerable, including small children and pregnant women, resulting in severe morbidity and mortality.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CASE PRESENTATION</title>
This case report presents a primigravida with beta-thalassemia who developed malaria during her pregnancy despite never having visited a malaria-endemic region. A 22-year-old primigravida in her 29th week of pregnancy presented to an outpatient clinic with a 1-week history of fever. Blood smears, both thick and thin, revealed <italic>Plasmodium malariae</italic> trophozoites, schizonts, and gametocytes. She was diagnosed with a mild form of beta-thalassemia and required monthly blood transfusions. We think the patient got malaria from a blood transfusion because she has never been to or lived where malaria is common. Infections transferred through blood transfusions should be prevented in thalassemia patients who require regular transfusions, particularly in vulnerable groups such as pregnant women.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CONCLUSION</title>
Transfusion-transmitted diseases can be prevented by screening donors who have a history of malaria and have traveled to endemic areas.
</sec>
</abstract>

Transfusion-transmitted Malaria in a Pregnant Woman with Beta Thalassemia Minor: A Case Report

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<sec><title style='display:none'>BACKGROUND</title>
Malignant melanoma (MM) is the deadliest form of skin cancer and the most common carcinoma to metastasize into the gastrointestinal tract (GI). While the jejunum, ileum, colon, and rectum are common gastrointestinal sites of metastasis, metastatic melanoma in the stomach is rare and usually not detected until late in the disease.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CASE PRESENTATION</title>
We report a patient who presented with hematemesis, epigastric pain, and weight loss. In the second esophagogastroduodenoscopy, after 8 months from the first endoscopic assessment, a double ulcerative gastric mass was found, and histopathology confirmed metastatic malignant melanoma. The complete surgical resection of GI metastatic MM in carefully selected patients not only provides symptom control but has also been associated with an increase in overall survival in the absence of other metastatic sites. At present, the overall survival of patients with advanced metastatic MM who have been treated with a combination of immunotherapeutic agents reaches 52% at 5 years.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CONCLUSION</title>
The role of surgery for patients with metastatic involvement of the GI tract with MM is evolving in the era of effective systemic treatments.
</sec>
</abstract>

A Rare Case of Gastric Metastasis from a Rare Case of Mucosal Malignant Melanoma

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<sec><title style='display:none'>BACKGROUND</title>
Since musculoskeletal disorders at work (MSDW) are very common among physiotherapists, we must introduce strategies that could help reduce their prevalence. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MSDW among physiotherapists, which parts of the body are most often affected, what are the ergonomic risk factors for MSDW among physiotherapists and what are strategies to reduce them.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>METHODS</title>
In the systematic literature review, involving a total of 2127 physiotherapists, search terms such as occupational musculoskeletal disorders, physiotherapists, and occupational risk factors were used in the SCOPUS (n = 24), MEDLINE (n = 2), ScienceDirect (n = 103), PEDro (n = 0), Cumulative index of the nursing and allied health literature (n = 3), and PubMed (n = 30) databases in February 2024. The search included only original studies published in English, cross-sectional studies published in thepast 10 years, studies that included the prevalence of MSDW, and studies that included risk factors for MSDW. In the end, we included eight studies in the systematic review.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>RESULTS</title>
A systematic review of eight studies highlighted the prevalence and risk factors associated with MSDW among physiotherapists. The studies were conducted on samples ranging in size from 75 to 501 individuals and focused on determining the prevalence of MSDW and identifying the associated risk factors. The prevalence rates differ, with the lower back region being the most affected region in all studies (38–68.8%), followed by the neck (10–59.2%) and the shoulder girdle (7–51.7%). Risk factors included back strain, awkward posture, prolonged posture, frequent bending/turning of the trunk, performing manual therapy techniques, patient lifting, repetitive tasks, work environment, and psychosocial issues. Reported coping strategies included changing one’s working posture, improving one’s body mechanics, and taking more breaks during the workday.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CONCLUSION</title>
Our systematic review of the literature revealed a high prevalence of MSDW among physical therapists (up to 92%) and highlighted the urgent need for strategies to mitigate this widespread problem. These findings highlight the multifaceted nature of the etiology of MSDW and point to the interplay of physical demands, ergonomic challenges, and psychological stressors that characterize the profession of a physical therapist.
</sec>
</abstract>

Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Workplace of Physiotherapists: Occupational Risk Factors and Their Role in Prevention and Management: A Systematic Review

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<sec><title style='display:none'>BACKGROUND</title>
To facilitate better implant survival rates in areas with clinically low bone density, osteotomy techniques that provide higher implant stability and improve bone quality are often recommended. The most widely used are under-drilling (UD) and osseodensification (OD). In the UD technique, the diameter of the final osteotomy drill is narrower that the diameter of the placed implant, whereas in the OD technique, special drills that rotate counter-clockwise to condense and densify the bone are used.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>AIM</title>
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different implant osteotomy methods – UD versus osseodensification (OD) in terms of implant stability during the period of osseointegration in the posterior maxillary region.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>MATERIAL AND METHODS</title>
This prospective randomized clinical study included 22 patients who received a total of 37 implants in the posterior maxillary region. They were divided into two groups: In 11 patients, 18 implants were placed using the under-drilling method (UD), while the other 11 patients received 19 implants using the osseodensification method (OD). Within the OD group, 10 implants were placed in areas with the initial height that was insufficient to accommodate implants with a minimal length of 8 mm. In these areas, crestal sinus elevation without bone graft use was performed simultaneously with implant placement, according to the osseodensification protocol proposed by the manufacturer. All implants were placed in a dual-stage manner – completely covered with soft tissue and uncovered 4 months later, at the time of second-stage surgery. The implant stability was determined by measurement of implant stability quotient (ISQ) with instrument that utilizes the method of resonance frequency analysis (RFA) to discover implant stability. The ISQ represents a value on a scale between 0 and 100, with values above 65 indicating high implant stability. ISQ values were measured at two timepoints: At the time of implant placement and at the time of their uncovery. Statistical analysis was performed with Prism 9 statistical program for Mac. The data were analyzed using one-sample t-test, Wilcoxon, and paired two-way ANOVA test. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>RESULTS</title>
The differences between the primary implant stability ISQ values in the UD and osseodensification (OD) groups were not statistically significant. The secondary implant stability was statistically significantly higher in the osseodensification group (p &lt; 0.001) There were no statistically significant differences between secondary implant stability values in implants placed with and without crestal sinus floor lift within the osseodensification group.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CONCLUSION</title>
Within the limitations of the study, the conclusion is that osseodensification method of implant osteotomy (OD) results in higher secondary implant stability values that the under-drilling method (UD), which has clinical relevance regarding long-term implant survival. It should be a preferred method of choice for osteotomy in areas with clinically low density of bone due to its predictability and effectiveness.
</sec>
</abstract>

Biomechanical Parameters of Implants Placed with Osseodensification Versus Implants Placed with Under-drilling Osteotomy Techniques in Posterior Maxilla: A Comparative Clinical Study

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<sec><title style='display:none'>BACKGROUND</title>
A supramolecular complex of ecdysterone triacetate with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was synthesized to obtain new potentially bioactive substances and study the effect of bulky pharmacophore-functional groups on the preservation of the specific activity of 20-hydroxyecdysone. The adaptogenic and anabolic activities of the resulting water-soluble inclusion complex were studied. It was established that with the introduction of 3 acyl-pharmacophore groups in the form of encapsulated and hydrophilic supramolecular forms to experimental animals at a dose of 10 mg/kg, the studied complex has anabolic and adaptogenic effects, including increased stress resistance, increased physical endurance, as well as slightly increased weight of the heart and gonads compared to the control.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>AIM</title>
Study of the specific activity of the supramolecular complex of ecdysterone 3-acetate with β-CD.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>METHODS</title>
During the experimental study of the adaptogenic and anabolic effects of the supramolecular complex of ecdysterone 3-acetate with β-CD, the “open field” and “free swimming” tests were used. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica 8 software package. Intergroup differences were assessed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test. For unpaired related groups, the non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CONCLUSIONS</title>
It has been established that physical activity (swimming) simultaneously has a significant stressor effect on animals and is characterized by an increased supply of glucose into the blood and the breakdown of blood proteins. It was revealed that the supramolecular complex of ecdysterone 3-acetate with β-CD at a dose of 10 mg/kg has anabolic and adaptogenic effects, in particular increased stress resistance and physical endurance of animals, as well as a slightly increased weight of the heart and gonads compared to the control.
</sec>
</abstract>

Studying the Specific (Adaptogenic and Anabolic) Activity of the Supramolecular Complex of 20-Hydroxyecdysone Triacetate with β-Cyclodextrin

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<sec><title style='display:none'>BACKGROUND</title>
Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a subset of NORSE that requires a febrile infection between 24 h and 2 weeks before the onset of refractory status epilepticus (SE), with or without fever at the onset of SE, and with no restriction to the age of the patient. The literature on FIRES is scarce.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CASE PRESENTATION</title>
This article reports a case of a patient of 8 years old without relevant family, psychosocial, prenatal or perinatal, or pathological history and normal neurodevelopment. The child consulted on a pediatric emergency with convulsive SE preceded 8 days before by otitis with acute fever managed with cephalosporin. Subsequently, seizures appeared in the following 48 h, characterized by generalized tonic-clonic seizures lasting 5–6 min. The seizures became more frequent until consciousness deteriorated, and motor SE appeared. In consequence, a coma was initiated, and the patient was hospitalized for emergency pediatric reanimation, where multifocal clonic and myoclonic seizures continued. A lumbar puncture with polymerase chain reaction was done twice and returned negative. Two magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed: the first was normal and the second, after 20 days in the hospital, showed cortical damage with SE. Different anticonvulsant treatments were used for 4 weeks: Valproic acid, clobazam, ketamine, levetiracetam for 24 days, and relay to, brivaracetam used in the treatment of epilepsy to control focal seizures; propofol, midazolam, and some antiepileptic drugs were used simultaneously and at maximum recommended doses, achieving a poor initial response, but eventually leading to total crisis control. The patient receives immunoglobulin for 2 days 1 g/kg/J. A ketogenic diet aimed at therapy and known antiepileptic properties, rich in lipids, and low in sugars, causing ketonemia in non-surgical drug-resistant epilepsies, was used for our patient with an efficacy that proved to be remarkable on the frequency of undergoing seizures, his tolerance was good. The diet can be maintained for 20 days without incident, in particular, with no episode of hypoglycemia. Electroconvulsive therapy (formerly called sismotherapy, electronarcosis, or shock therapy) is a therapeutic tool used in several psychiatric illnesses was also used with different frequencies for our patients twice a week with no favorable response. The evolution was marked by the aggravation of the patient following diffuse cerebral edema resulting in cardiac arrest and non-response to resuscitation measures, the patient declared at 07 AM on February 27, 2023.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CONCLUSION</title>
FIRES is a rare epilepsy syndrome of unclear aetiology in which children, usually of school age, suddenly develop very frequent seizures after a mild febrile illness. Seizures in FIRES are typically difficult to treat, and the prognosis is poor.
</sec>
</abstract>

Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES), a Possible Cause of Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Case Report

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<sec><title style='display:none'>BACKGROUND</title>
Spontaneous perforation of the colon in full-term neonates is a rare case, with perforation of the cecum being rarely reported.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CASE PRESENTATION</title>
We present a rare case of spontaneous perforation of the cecum in a term neonate who presented with vomiting and flatulence on the second day of life. Surgical intervention revealed full-thickness perforation in the caecum. Histopathologically, there was no necrotizing enterocolitis and Hirschsprung’s disease.
</sec>
<sec><title style='display:none'>CONCLUSION</title>
Clinical awareness in this rare case can help prevent delays in diagnosis and hopefully prompt surgical management.
</sec>
</abstract>

Spontaneous Caecal Perforation in a Male Neonate: A Case Report

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Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences

The Journal of Scientific Foundation SPIROSKI, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia

 Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences (OAMJMS) [formerly known as Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences] is a top-tier, open-access medical science journal...

 Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences (OAMJMS) [formerly known as Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences] is a top-tier,...