Book Series

New Trends in Production Engineering

New Tren. in Prod. Eng.

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The chapter describes the concept of sustainable development to minimize the environmental footprint and introduces the concept of the zero-utility solar passive house. The purpouse of the chapter is presentation of sollution for small zero-utility passive houses as a method of lowering smog and protecting the environment. The different concepts of the solar passive residential dwellings are being discussed and evaluated from the perspective of lowering carbon emissions. Energy savings as a result of increasing energy efficiency are also being calculated. The chapter analyzes the procedure for selecting the photovoltaic (PV) system to power the passive house and charge an electric car. Authors calculate the environmental benefits. There were some suggestions and recommendations for industry.</p>
</abstract>

Abstract

Keywords

<article-title>Small Zero-Utility Passive Houses as a Method of Lowering Smog and Protecting the Environment</article-title>

Small Zero-Utility Passive Houses as a Method of Lowering Smog and Protecting the Environment

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The publication analyses the possibility of separating hydrogen from coke oven gas for further use in the transport sector in the FCEV segment (fuel cell electric vehicles). The construction of the separation installation using the PSA (pressure swing adsorption) method guaranteeing high purity of hydrogen was assumed, according to the requirements of ISO 14678-2:2012 and SAE J-2719 standards. The PSA technology is widely used in industrial gas separation processes, however, due to the composition of coal gas, which apart from hydrogen and methane consists of impurities in the form of hydrocarbons, sulphur compounds, chlorine, etc., it needs to be adapted to the needs of separation of hydrogen from coke oven gas. The study shows the total possible hydrogen production potential and then, in agreement with the JSW Group’s Coking Plants, limits were set for hydrogen production in PSA technology at Przyjaźń, Jadwiga and Radlin Coking Plants, without the negative impact of the separation installation on technological processes associated with coke oven battery firing, operation of existing power units, gas compression systems and taking into account securing the needs of external customers for coke oven gas. Additionally, in order to determine the Polish market demand for high-purity hydrogen, an analysis was carried out which indicates that in 2030 the share of FCEVs will be 2%, so the demand for hydrogen in this segment would be negligible compared to the supply of hydrogen produced in a large-scale installation. Due to the need to build such a market and adapt the parameters of the installation to the variable parameters of coke oven gas, the pilot scale of the installation and the target location of the installation at the Przyjaźń Coking Plant were indicated as the most optimal.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Production of Hydrogen from Coke Oven Gas in JSW Group</article-title>

Production of Hydrogen from Coke Oven Gas in JSW Group

{"article-title":"Production of Hydrogen from Coke Oven Gas in JSW Group"}

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The paper summarizes previous studies associated with carrying out of the air pollutant emission inventories. There are presented three approaches for obtaining monthly distribution of PM<sub>10</sub> air emission: using expert’s judgement, modelling of the heating demand, and temporal disaggregation using the heating degree days (HDD). However some differences due to not considering hot water demand, it can be effectively used for obtaining temporal, and spatiotemporal distributions of air pollutants’ air emissions necessary for air quality modelling.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>On the Temporal Variability of Air Pollutants’ Emissions – Case Study of Residential PM<sub>10</sub> Emission in Silesian Metropolis</article-title>

On the Temporal Variability of Air Pollutants’ Emissions – Case Study of Residential PM Emission in Silesian Metropolis

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>Post-industrial and post-mining areas have often been under strong anthropogenic pressure for a long time. As a result, such areas, after the ending of industrial activity require taking steps to revitalize them. It may cover many elements of the natural or urban environment, such as water, soil, vegetated areas, urban development etc. To carry out revitalization, it is necessary to determine the initial state of such areas, often using selected chemical, geophysical or ecological. After that it is also important to properly monitor the state of such areas to assess the progress of the revitalization process. For this purpose a variety of change detection technics were developed. Post-industrial areas are very often characterized by a large extent, are difficult to access, have complicated land cover. For this reason, it is particularly important to choose appropriate methods to assess the degree of pollution of such areas. Such methods should be as economical as possible and time-effective. A very desirable feature of such methods is that they should allow a quick assessment of the entire area. Geostatistics supplemented by modern remote sensing can be effective for this purpose. Nowadays, using remote sensing, it is possible to gather information simultaneously from the entire, even vast area, with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution. Geostatistics in turn provides many tools that are able to enable rapid analysis and inference based on even very complicated often scarce spatial data sets obtained from ground measurement and satellite observations. The goal of the article was to present selected results obtained using geostatistical methods also related to remote sensing, which may be helpful for decision makers in revitalizing post-industrial and post-mining areas. The results described in this paper were based mostly on the previous studies, carried out by authors.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Geostatistical Methods as a Tool Supporting Revitalization of Industrially Degraded and Post-Mining Areas</article-title>

Geostatistical Methods as a Tool Supporting Revitalization of Industrially Degraded and Post-Mining Areas

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>One of the particularly significant threats during exploitation is the climatic threat, which is associated with an increase in the overall costs that are allocated to combating it. The rise in the virgin temperature of the rock mass by 1oC increases the demand for the required cooling capacity to be taken from the air. The publication assesses the effectiveness of the air-conditioning installation by testing its operation on a selected example. The assessment of the efficiency of the air-conditioning installation for a selected hard coal mine showed that none of the five tested coolers achieved the maximum assumed rated power. The use of total power (7.5 MW) in mining excavations was less than 50% and amounted to η = 0.472%. The research showed that the main reason for obtaining low cooling parameters is the inability to locate them in the place of the highest air temperatures. The other problem is an insufficient airflow rate of cooling water supplied to the coolers at too high temperature. The above considerations indicated that the cooling power from built-in air- conditioning systems is not properly and effectively used. Improving the efficiency of its functioning is possible by proceeding research that will eliminate the above factors and by using air conditioning equipment, taking into account the periodic audit of their work to reduce electricity consumption.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Functioning Efficiency of the Central Air-Conditioning System on the Selected Example</article-title>

Functioning Efficiency of the Central Air-Conditioning System on the Selected Example

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The publication analyses and evaluates the impact of the implementation of circular economy on the economy and especially on its mining and power generation sector in Poland. Circular economy is a relatively new concept concerning an innovative economic development model. The publication briefly describes the concept of circular economy. Among other things, the basic economic processes that make up circular economy are discussed. In addition, history is presented as well as examples of legislation that have had the strongest impact on the implementation of circular economy in the EU are identified. Further on in the paper, the impact that circular economy will have on the mining and power generation industry in Poland is discussed. Areas have been identified that will need the most attention in relation to the implementation of circular economy. It was pointed out that in the mining and power generation sector the scale of use of current and landfill waste should be increased as a priority. Attention has been paid to the necessary reduction of water demand and rational water and sewage management. Examples of use of mining gas and ventilation air have been discussed. The publication provides examples of a number of measures taken in accordance with circular economy. It was pointed out that there is still a need to popularize the existing ones and to look for new technical and organizational solutions conducive to the introduction of this new economic model. An important aspect of the impact of the circular economy on these sectors will be the decrease in energy demand resulting from the widespread implementation of the new economic model. For those already struggling with a number of problems of some of the mining and power generation sectors based on coal mining and combustion in Poland, the implementation of circular economy will pose another challenge.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Circular Economy – Challenges for Mining and Power Generation as Exemplified by Poland</article-title>

Circular Economy – Challenges for Mining and Power Generation as Exemplified by Poland

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The presented research subject involved the assessment of the possibility of mining operations within the area of shaft protection pillar with simultaneous liquidation of the shaft. In such a situation, the basic condition is to avoid damage to shaft lining, which can hinder or even prevent safe liquidation of the shaft by backfilling. The procedure to follow in order to assess the possibility and scope of mining exploitation within the shaft protection pillar is demonstrated on the example of shaft X. The applied assessment method involving the possibility and scope of mining exploitation within the protective pillar of the shaft was based on the forecast of rock mass deformation at the shaft site, which was the basis to calculate vertical stresses in the shaft lining and then to compare them with permissible values. The carried out calculations allowed us to determine the permissible face advance of longwall No. 5 at which no damage to the lining and its equipment would occur, ensuring the planned safe liquidation of the shaft by backfilling.</p>
</abstract>

Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice

<article-title>Determining the Permissible Longwall Face Advance in the Protective Pillar Conditioning the Liquidation of a Mining Shaft</article-title>

Determining the Permissible Longwall Face Advance in the Protective Pillar Conditioning the Liquidation of a Mining Shaft

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The publication presents partial results of hearing screening tests conducted in 2019 among employees of 37 hard coal mines located in the Śląskie and Małopolskie voivodships. The tests were carried out in different cities of both voivodships using the Mobile Hearing Diagnosis Center, which parked near the selected mine and specialized hearing diagnostics points of the ACSłuchmed Sp. z o. o. from Lublin. At the diagnostic points, detailed total audiometry tests were conducted on people diagnosed with hearing disorders as part of screening tests. The obtained results allowed to identify branches and workplaces with the highest risk of noise hazard in mines. The presented publication shows the results of noise measurement during blasting works and the results of anonymous surveys conducted among employees of the Department of Blasting Technology of hard coal mines. The survey concerned the subjective feelings of employees regarding noise levels at the workplace and its impact on their well-being and state of health. In the publication summary, the author draws attention to the need to take measures to constantly control the noise level at the workplace and introduce solutions that will enable its reduction and allow for better protection of employees against its damaging consequences.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Industrial Noise as a Source of Threat in the Field of Blasting Technology in Coal Mines</article-title>

Industrial Noise as a Source of Threat in the Field of Blasting Technology in Coal Mines

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The article includes a comparative analysis of different methods of solving energy problems especially meeting the demand for electricity. Energy problems became a global concern due to the rapid increase in the world population. Energy consumption reflects the habits of the society and the nature of the economy. The focus of the article is the analysis of the United States (USA) energy economy in terms of meeting the needs of industry and society. It includes a comparison of costs of generating electricity obtained from various sources. It also includes an analysis of opportunities and threats related to the energy sector’s dependence on individual energy sources. Meeting the demand for electricity cannot be solved by increasing only the energy generation. The cost of increasing electricity production is always higher compared to increasing energy efficiency. The impact of energy efficiency of devices on energy management was also assessed. The publication also contains practical conclusions and recommendations regarding energy management on a global scale.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Methods and Proposals for Meeting Energy Needs</article-title>

Methods and Proposals for Meeting Energy Needs

{"article-title":"Methods and Proposals for Meeting Energy Needs"}

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>Numerous varieties of solid fuels have been employed for the production of heat in buildings and during cooking by utilizing furnaces and boilers. The most commonly used energy carriers include hard and brown coal, coke, and wood-based solid biofuels in the form of various types of pellets, briquettes, and chips. Notably, furnace and boiler users can combine these fuels in any way by changing their proportions. Generally, users of furnaces and boilers are known to co-burn solid fuels and various types of municipal waste. However, the municipal waste contains a number of organic compounds and toxic metals that can be released into the atmosphere during the combustion process; this poses a threat to the health of the environment and public. Herein, chemical and petrographic tests were performed to study the sources of furnace wastes. This research facilitates the identification of unacceptable substances such as plastics, metal filings, and glass.</p>
</abstract>

Centralne Laboratorium Pomiarowo-Badawcze Sp. z o. o.

<article-title>Petrographic and Chemical Research on Furnace Wastes From Individual Heating Furnaces and Boilers – Method for Identification of Co-Burning Municipal Waste</article-title>

Petrographic and Chemical Research on Furnace Wastes From Individual Heating Furnaces and Boilers – Method for Identification of Co-Burning Municipal Waste

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>In the presented publication, an ex post forecast of methane concentration at the airway outlet was carried out on the basis of equations previously developed and repeatedly tested by H. Badura and its errors were calculated. This forecast was considered as a reference level. Next, using the same forecast equations, the forecasting of methane concentration at the sensor location up to 10 m in front of the longwall face and at the longwall outlet was carried out, followed by the analysis of forecast errors. Since the measurement of methane concentrations in the locations under consideration differed, the results of forecasts also differed. Therefore, in order to assess the accuracy of forecasts, their absolute and relative errors were calculated and then compared with the forecast errors at the airway outlet. The analysis of errors showed that there are differences in forecast accuracy and it is advisable to develop new forecast equations mainly for the longwall outlet, but also for the location of methane concentration sensor installed in the airway up to 10 m in front of the longwall.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Study of the Accuracy of Methane Concentration Forecasts in the Area of Longwall Outlet B-3 in Seam 407/1 in KWK “Borynia-Zofiówka” Ruch Zofiówka</article-title>

Study of the Accuracy of Methane Concentration Forecasts in the Area of Longwall Outlet B-3 in Seam 407/1 in KWK “Borynia-Zofiówka” Ruch Zofiówka

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The nature of gas-geodynamic phenomena is so complicated and unpredictable that it forces the necessity of continuous search for new principles of identifying the outburst threat and ongoing monitoring of this threat with view of current conditions in the mine. After the incidents in JSW S.A, the mines carrying out works in seams threatened with outbursts, upon their own initiative introduced additional rigours and increased the frequency of measurements and tests regardless of the existing legal requirements. Incidents that have taken place in KWK “Budryk” in recent years show how important is continuous verification of knowledge related to the forecasting of the outburst threat on the basis of ongoing observations of works. The local occurrence of a zone characterized by high methane-bearing capacity in the coal seam, even after taking preventive measures and introducing additional rigorous did not allow for the complete elimination of gas-geodynamic phenomena and avoidance of danger to employed people.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Analysis of Gas-Geodynamic Phenomena During the Preparatory and Mining Works in Seam 358/1 at KWK “Budryk”</article-title>

Analysis of Gas-Geodynamic Phenomena During the Preparatory and Mining Works in Seam 358/1 at KWK “Budryk”

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The methane hazard concerns a growing number of longwalls in the Polish coal mining industry each year. Mitigating this hazard, both of work safety and economic reasons requires the application of preventive measures adequate to its level. Commonly threat level is estimated based on registered methane concentrations, which fluctuate and highly depends on the place of measurement. The article presents studies on the average and maximum methane concentrations at the longwall outlet, including analyses of the interdependence of methane concentration in methanometry sensors installation locations.</p>
</abstract>

Perm National Research Polytechnic Institute

Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University

<article-title>Analysis of Methane Concentration Distribution at U-Ventilated Longwall Outlet – Case Study</article-title>

Analysis of Methane Concentration Distribution at U-Ventilated Longwall Outlet – Case Study

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The first part of the paper concerns the natural deposition conditions of the 325/1 seam in the “W” coal mine, in the 102 longwall mining panel. It also presents the most important technical conditions regarding the exploitation at this longwall. To characterize the methane hazard in the longwall area, the parameters of ventilation and total methane concentrations as well as the volumetric flowrate of methane captured by the methane removal system, have been presented graphically. A significant part of the methane flow in the longwall area was released to the air flowing to the longwall. The most significant part of the article is the presentation and analysis of the results of prognoses of mean methane concentrations at the exhaust of the longwall area. The accuracy of the prognoses of methane concentration was verified using two methods: while not considering the release of methane to the air flowing to the longwall and while considering the total flowrate of methane to the ventilation air in the area of the 102 longwall. The method of forecast presented in the article has so far been checked for a 5-day and 6-day work day, as well as for walls operating in a non-regular mode. The article refers to the wall operating in a continuous mode, which required adaptation of the proposed method to this mode. The application of the one-day forecast proposed in the article allows for undertaking temporary methane prevention measures enabling safe use of the wall.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>One-Day Prognoses of Methane Concentrations for the 102 Longwall in the 325/1 Seam in the “W” Coal Mine Operating in a Continuous System</article-title>

One-Day Prognoses of Methane Concentrations for the 102 Longwall in the 325/1 Seam in the “W” Coal Mine Operating in a Continuous System

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The Knurów hard coal deposit is characterized by rich fold and fault tectonics and diverse morphology of the overburden. The deposit contains a fold zone called Knurów anticline and four complex of faults with the total amplitudes reaching up to several dozen meters. While making a 3D model of the deposit, a range of complications related to the correct interpretation of the running and development of the aforementioned tectonic structures were encountered. Additional data were begun to be introduced during the detailed analysis of the 3D model being made in stages, thereby forcing the software to perform the modeling according to preset assumptions. This process covered such areas of the deposit that were poorly explored or documented to an extent requiring an intervention from a geologist.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>A New Look at the Geological Structure of the Knurów Hard Coal Deposit in Light of Model Tests</article-title>

A New Look at the Geological Structure of the Knurów Hard Coal Deposit in Light of Model Tests

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>Methane is one of the most dangerous gases occurring in mining production. Being inseparably connected with the rock mass, it presents a serious risk to occupational safety and reduces the effectiveness of mining production. A particularly high methane hazard occurs directly during exploitation in longwall headings and the drivage of roadways. Exceeding the maximum allowable level of its concentration in these headings makes it necessary to disconnect all machines until this concentration level is reduced. This leads to unscheduled downtimes of such machines, thus increasing the costs of their operation and decreasing their effectiveness. The paper demonstrates the results from the analysis of machine downtimes in the drivage of roadways, caused by excessive methane concentration levels. The analyses were based on the indications from the system for automatic monitoring of the ventilation parameters in this heading. The results obtained clearly demonstrated that exceeded values of methane concentration caused a series of unexpected downtimes in the drivage process. As a result, the process was disturbed and its effectiveness reduced. The presented analyses are one of the first to address the issue of how methane emissions affect machine downtimes. However, this phenomenon represents a major problem that needs to be addressed comprehensively in order to minimise the losses arising out of the necessary disruptions to the exploitation process.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Analysis of Stoppages in the Process of Roadway Drivage Caused by Exceeding the Maximum Allowable Level of Methane Concentration</article-title>

Analysis of Stoppages in the Process of Roadway Drivage Caused by Exceeding the Maximum Allowable Level of Methane Concentration

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>Currently over then 16 percent of the total worldwide salt production is excavated in underground mines. Salt deposits often lie at great depths up to 1000 m, where the temperature of the surrounding rocks reaches 50°C and even exceeds it. A large part of it is exploited using mechanical methods, mainly with the use of road headers and continuous miners. When excavating salt rock, the cutters of the road header mining head come into contact with the rock. This generate friction and in consequence a rise in temperature. In AGH University of Science and Technology the laboratory tests were carried out to determine the effect of temperature on cutting resistance and selected mechanical properties of rock salt. On the special laboratory test stand the rock salt sample was cutted at three different temperatures - 20, 50 and 80°C. The cuttability index and the side chipping angle were measured for each temperature. Additionally the same tests were performed in the case of salt sample after cooling to room temperature. The selected mechanical parameters of rock salt - compressive, tensile and shear strength were also measured for the same temperature values. The obtained results were compared and described in the paper.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>The Cutting Resistance of Rock Salt in Function of Temperature</article-title>

The Cutting Resistance of Rock Salt in Function of Temperature

{"article-title":"The Cutting Resistance of Rock Salt in Function of Temperature"}

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>Mechanical cutting in underground mining faces increasingly difficult challenges. Deteriorating working conditions result in the development of automation and robotization, and the insufficient durability of cutting tools remains a serious problem. In addition to drilling, the technology of cutting provides a huge market for tools. Currently, mainly conical picks are used in the process of cutting. The cutterheads of shearers are equipped with at least several dozen conical picks, which, due to their workability and abrasiveness, sometimes work for merely a few hours. Hence the interest of users and manufacturers in the development of tools with increased durability. The article briefly presents the applied solutions of conical picks, their construction, dimensions and materials used. Attention was paid to the issues related to the protection applied and its marking. A review and analysis of commonly known construction solutions for picks and holders have also been carried out, and proprietary patent pending solutions for the pick and holder have been presented.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Conical Picks for Undeground Mining</article-title>

{"article-title":"Conical Picks for Undeground Mining"}

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>One of the basic methods of mechanical rock mining is cutting, which faces increasingly difficult working conditions. Despite the rapid development of machines used in underground and opencast mining as well as in tunnel building, construction industry and road engineering, the problem of insufficient durability of mining tools remains unsolved. In addition to drilling and, to a lesser extent, planing, cutting provides a huge market for tools. Currently, the process of cutting is mainly based on conical picks. The cutterheads of cutting machines are equipped with several dozen, and frequently – more than one hundred conical picks, which, due to their workability and abrasiveness, sometimes work only a few hours. There is a market demand for over two hundred models of conical picks. This is due to the huge variety of shapes and sizes of picks as well as the methods of their mounting in the holder. The article briefly presents various solutions of conical picks, their construction, methods of protection, dimensions and materials used. Next, based on materials produced by ZWM Carbonex, the classic method of their manufacture using the turning technology has been described. The authors have also presented briefly the use of die forging for the large-scale production of picks, applied by Górnicza Fabryka Narzędzi Sp. z o.o.</p>
</abstract>

Missouri University of Science and Technology

Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas

<article-title>Conical Pick Production Process</article-title>

{"article-title":"Conical Pick Production Process"}

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>This publication addresses the impact of selected design parameters of milling auger cutting drums on the loading process, and above all the winding angle of the auger blade. The loading process is often referred to as an auxiliary process because the milling process is considered to be the dominant throughout the work of the cutting drum. The correct determination of the relationship between the mining process and the loading process allows to understand how the individual design and kinematic parameters of the mining drums and the mining machine on which they are installed affect each other. The publication discusses the problem of loading with milling cutting drums and ways to increase its efficiency. The research results of the loading process have been presented, affecting the efficiency of this process in the aspect of various angles of inclination of the auger blades. Based on the tests, conclusions have been formulated that allow for the possible selection of an appropriate winding angle for the auger blade, depending on the granulation of spoil.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Impact of the Winding Angle of the Auger Blade on the Loading Process With Milling Auger Drums</article-title>

Impact of the Winding Angle of the Auger Blade on the Loading Process With Milling Auger Drums

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>Ensuring the compliance of the finished product with the project during the manufacturing of cutting heads/drums of the mining machines, largely determines the efficiency of rock mining, especially hard-to-cut rocks. The manufacturing process of these crucial elements of cutting machines is being robotized in order to ensure high accuracy and repeatability. This determines, among others the need to assess in real-time the degree of the approach of pick holders positioned by the industrial robot to the side surface of the working unit of the cutting machine in their target position. This problem is particularly important when in the manufacturing process are used the bodies of decommissioned cutting heads/drums, from which old pick holders have been removed. The shape and external dimensions of these hulls, unless they are subjected to regeneration, may differ quite significantly from the nominal ones. The publication, on the example of a road header cutting head, presents the procedure for automatically identifying and indexing markers displayed on its side surface, recorded on measuring photos by two digital cameras of a 3D vision system. Experimental research of the developed method was carried out using the KUKA VisionTech vision system installed on the test stand in the robotics laboratory of the Department of Mining Mechanization and Robotization at the Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation of the Silesian University of Technology. Data processing was carried out in the Matlab environment using the libraries of the Image Processing Toolbox. The functions provided in this library were used in the developed algorithm, implemented in the software. This algorithm allows automatic identification of markers located in the images of the side surface of the cutting head. This is the basis for determining their location in space. The publication presents a method of segmenting images recorded by cameras into homogeneous areas. The method of separating interesting areas from the image by comparison to the pattern was presented. Also shown is the method of the automatic numbering of mutually matching pairs of markers on photos from two cameras included in the vision system depending on the spatial orientation of the marker grid in the measuring images.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>The Use of a Stereovision System in Shape Detection of the Side Surface of the Body of the Mining Machine Working Unit</article-title>

The Use of a Stereovision System in Shape Detection of the Side Surface of the Body of the Mining Machine Working Unit

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>In this paper is presented the overview of Continuous Miners available on the market. Numbers describe machines from 1 to 41 and parameters obtained from manufacturers catalogues are presented on diagrams. The statistical analysis of some of parameters are carried out by linear approximation to show factors determining, for example, the total power of installed engines to the power of the cutting head drive, the total power of installed engines to the total mass, cutting height to the cutter diameter and cutting height to the cutting width, etc. Thin layers of coal less than 1.2 m thick and remnants of seams that require work on a system of boards and columns constitute an increasing share of coal deposits. Geometric restrictions, in this case, are closely correlated with the construction form of the machine and they must have high performance with limited geometric dimensions. This type is called “Continuous Miner”, and is closely correlated with those restrictions. The paper reviews the technical solutions used in these machines, which are currently used around the world. Particular attention is paid to the new concept of the cutting drum drive system, in which permanent magnet motors are proposed. Placing them in a cutting drum improves the efficiency of the mining process and the possibility of modular configuration depending on the required working conditions.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Review of a Modern Technical Solution in Continuous Miner Machine Technology</article-title>

Review of a Modern Technical Solution in Continuous Miner Machine Technology

{"article-title":"Review of a Modern Technical Solution in Continuous Miner Machine Technology"}

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The publication presents the evaluation of the effectiveness of belt tensioning systems based on the results of model laboratory tests. The types of tensioning devices most commonly used in industry were selected for testing: winch, gravity, pneumatic and follower. The evaluation of the efficiency of belt tensioning devices is complex, as the tensioning system is not autonomous and is only part of the belt conveyor equipment. Therefore, the publication presents the impact of belt tension force on the durability of basic conveyor components such as the belt and its joints, and drums. The characteristics of the tested belt tensioning devices are presented and the construction and research capabilities of the laboratory model of the belt conveyor are described. Measuring systems mounted on the conveyor are described in detail, enabling recording of variable conveyor operating conditions, measuring belt speed, driving force and belt stress. The results of the research are the experimental static characteristics of the most commonly used tensioning devices, which show the relationship between the drive moment and the belt tensioning force. Obtained characteristics will allow the development of guidelines for the design and selection of the most effective belt tensioning devices.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>The Analysis of Effectiveness of Conveyor Belt Tensioning Systems</article-title>

The Analysis of Effectiveness of Conveyor Belt Tensioning Systems

{"article-title":"The Analysis of Effectiveness of Conveyor Belt Tensioning Systems"}

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The publication presents the construction of the station for testing the friction coefficient under high pressure and low slip velocity values. These conditions of cooperation of friction pairs occur in the drives of transport machines such as belt conveyors and suspended monorails. The value of the friction coefficient, depending on the operating conditions such as moisture and rock or coal dust pollution, has a significant impact on the correct and efficient operation of such drives. The features of the station allow mapping the operating conditions on a laboratory scale. As part of the research, appropriate friction samples made of rubber or polyurethane were prepared. Referring to the conditions of conveyor operation and conditions of contact of the conveyor belt with the drive drum, the values of unit pressures and values of slip speed occurring in the drum drive of the belt conveyor were determined. A series of laboratory tests were carried out for the friction pair rubber drum lining – conveyor belt cover. The tests were carried out for four different states of friction vapor surfaces, namely for dry and wet samples, as well as for samples in clean or contaminated with stone dust. As a result of the tests, the values of friction coefficients for various surface states were determined, which will be valuable information for designers of friction drive systems of transport devices.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>The Influence of an Operating Conditions on the Friction Coefficient in Transportation Machines Drives</article-title>

The Influence of an Operating Conditions on the Friction Coefficient in Transportation Machines Drives

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The publication presents the assumptions of the unification process of machines and equipment produced by Jastrzębskie Zakłady Remontowe Sp. z o. o. and operating at the coal mines of the JSW Capital Group. It outlines a solution adopted by JZR Sp. z o. o. addressing this issue. The authors identify the potential benefits of the process to the entire Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa Capital Group, but they also mention the risks that may arise during its implementation. The publication also presents the first results of the unification, observed on the basis of the unified equipment and machinery of the coal clearance system for transporting people, coal and materials, which has already been put into operation in underground mining excavations. It also includes a chapter devoted to the influence of the unification on the development of “technical thought,” i.e. on the innovativeness of the equipment for transporting people, coal and materials newly produced by Jastrzębskie Zakłady Remontowe Sp. z o. o. which are to be implemented in the near future. New, innovative solutions are presented, which were introduced both in the unified transport devices such as chain and belt conveyors and in devices cooperating with them, i.e. lump breakers, pushing devices and other accessory equipment for the conveyors.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Unification of Equipment for Transporting People, Coal and Materials Produced by Jastrzębskie Zakłady Remontowe Sp. z o. o. and Used in the Mines of the JSW Capital Group</article-title>

Unification of Equipment for Transporting People, Coal and Materials Produced by Jastrzębskie Zakłady Remontowe Sp. z o. o. and Used in the Mines of the JSW Capital Group

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The publication focuses on assessing the energy efficiency in residential and to some extent commercial applications. An energy audit is always the first step in addressing energy efficiency. The purpose of the publication is to present the benefits of using an energy audit. It explains a “do-it-yourself” procedure for an energy audit. The publication also focuses on calculating the potential energy saving by updating low-efficiency electric appliances with high-efficient alternatives. The environmental benefits of addressing the energy efficiency of households is also being discussed. An energy audit using a “do-it-yourself” procedure focuses on the economic, ecological and social impact to environment. The energy audit contributes to the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in our day by day life.</p>
</abstract>

University of Technology and Humanities in Bielsko-Biała

<article-title>Addressing Energy Efficiency by Periodical Energy Audits</article-title>

Addressing Energy Efficiency by Periodical Energy Audits

{"article-title":"Addressing Energy Efficiency by Periodical Energy Audits"}

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The chapter describes the process for developing a new engineering program specializing in sustainable energy and power generation: Alternative Energy and Power Generation Engineering Track. The graduates of described program will have the critical knowledge and skills needed to begin their careers in nowadays industry shaped by the global sustainability Agenda 2030. Engineers should focus on economic, social and environmental aspects of their work. Desk research method is used. Chapter is based ABET requirement (USA). Program educational objectives were developed based on the needs on industry and in close cooperation with industry. Chapter is also focusing on the development of the program outcomes as well as the curricular content. Program requirements, specific track courses and recommended course planner are provided. Some suggestions and recommendation are also included.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Creating an Academic Program Focusing on Energy Management and Sustainability</article-title>

Creating an Academic Program Focusing on Energy Management and Sustainability

{"article-title":"Creating an Academic Program Focusing on Energy Management and Sustainability"}

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>Sustainability and eco-friendliness of the chain of supply is a subject of interest among many researchers. New eco-friendly solutions are being implemented in production, storage, and transportation of the entire chain of supply. This study focuses on pro-environmental solutions related to warehouse management. The publication describes a project of installing a solar photovoltaic (PV) system to generate electric power at the H&amp;W Warehouse in New Brunswick, New Jersey. The purpose of this publication is to demonstrate the financial and environmental benefits of using sustainable forms of energy. The environmental benefits were calculated from the perspective of lowering the amount of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) released into the atmosphere. The financial benefits were determined by calculating the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and profitability index (PI) as well as regular and discounted payback. A computer simulation was being used as the research method. Calculations included in the publication have proven that the project being considered is beneficial from the financial and environmental perspectives.</p>
</abstract>

Poznan University of Economics and Business

<article-title>Benefits of Installing a Photovoltaic Power-Generation System for a Warehouse Facility</article-title>

Benefits of Installing a Photovoltaic Power-Generation System for a Warehouse Facility

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The literature includes a wide selection and distribution of performance indicators to be used in different areas of the company. The paper highlights the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) as those that are the most universal and allow the control of intended targets in different areas of the enterprise. KPIs are financial and non-financial process measures used to assess the degree of achievement with regard to strategic and operational objectives in a company. They are also used to measure the effectiveness of all activities undertaken in an organizational unit. The paper presents the possibility of using KPIs to improve the quality of manufactured products, by analyzing the trend of selected indicators. This analysis gave an impulse to undertake improvement actions in the company consisting in the use of quality management method – in this case 5 WHY leading to the initiation of preventive and corrective actions in the occurrence of defective products.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) as a Tool to Improve Product Quality</article-title>

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) as a Tool to Improve Product Quality

{"article-title":"Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) as a Tool to Improve Product Quality"}

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The growing number of cars cities is worsening the quality of life of our citizens, aggravating their problems with mobility, social inequality, health and ecology. The implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals implies carrying out measures aimed at reducing the impact of urban transport systems in three interrelated directions. The aim of this chapter is describe the conditions and measures to reduce the negative impact of these problems combined into transport policy measures in two ways. The method of expert assessments allowed to rank these activities in order to establish the sequence of their implementation in cities in order to bring their state closer to the “livable city”.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Rating of the Activities of Urban Transport Policy in the Context of Sustainable Development</article-title>

Rating of the Activities of Urban Transport Policy in the Context of Sustainable Development

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>Rehabilitation of post-industrial areas involves many areas. The area after hard coal mines, requires many specific actions and funds in order to eliminate any remnants of the former infrastructure that is located in this area. The area of Upper Silesia, which includes areas on both the Polish and Czech borders, belongs to the area where the process of underground hard coal mining is being extinguished. As a result of the completion of mining works, the mine areas and adjacent sites begin to undergo transformations. Thus, the landscape of this area changes, various types of land, residential buildings and roads are destroyed. The activities related to restoring the utility value to degraded areas should be carried out consistently, primarily from their inhabitants’ perspective. The rehabilitation of post-mining area and its proper management can bring great benefits to the city and its inhabitants in the future. The publication presents a proposal for land development solutions for the former hard coal mine in Bohumin, Vrbice district in the Czech Republic.</p>
</abstract>

Brown Coal Research Institute j. s. c., Most

<article-title>Rehabilitation of Post-Mining Areas in the Bohumin City Area (Czech Republic). Case Study</article-title>

Rehabilitation of Post-Mining Areas in the Bohumin City Area (Czech Republic). Case Study

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>In this paper, the authors focused on the assessment of the individual methods to prevent coal and gas outbursts. The first part deals with a characteristic of this anomalous phenomenon and some basic methods of coal and gas outburst prevention. The second part presents the economic assessment of the costs necessary to ensure the possible prevention methods in the coalface 080 211 in the locality of the Paskov Mine, Mining Plant 3, OKD as, Czech Republic. In this coalface, a simulation method was used for calculating costs for the drift length of 100 m for the use of various prevention methods (irrigation, relief boreholes, relief blasting). The results show the cost of preventive measures during mining intended to eliminate and protect against the formation of coal and gas outbursts. The measures are compared applying the principle of the decision analysis. Four criteria are used for the mutual comparison of the methods (costs, effort, efficiency, time consumption). The comparison has shown that the optimal method to prevent coal and gas outbursts is irrigation.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Economic Assessment of Methods of Coal and Gas Outburst Prevention in the Extraction of Coalfaces</article-title>

Economic Assessment of Methods of Coal and Gas Outburst Prevention in the Extraction of Coalfaces

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>Conventional energy sources dominate in the Polish energy sector, which is a huge risk to meeting environmental protection requirements. Polish energy companies are facing challenges related to meeting the requirements of the European Union and the National Energy Policy. The paper attempts to answer the question whether the ongoing discussion on the future of the energy sector, dealing with such issues as development of renewable energy sources is reflected in the annual financial reports of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and covered by the WIG_ENERGY index. This study contributes to the extant literature on financial disclosures in several ways. First, the examination of compliance of segment reporting of selected companies listed on the Polish stock exchange with International Reporting Standards (IFRS) was carried out (particularly IFRS 8 – Operating Segments). Second, the information value of disclosures for investors in the energy industry was assessed. The empirical part was preceded by a description of segment reporting principles in accordance with IFRS 8 and the summary of challenges facing the energy sector in Poland.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Information Value of the Segment Reporting in the Polish Energy Sector</article-title>

Information Value of the Segment Reporting in the Polish Energy Sector

{"article-title":"Information Value of the Segment Reporting in the Polish Energy Sector"}

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>As Poland is considered a coal country, renewable energy resources still do not have a significant share in energy production. Further, 14% contribution of renewable energy to total primary energy production in 2020 is endangered. Thus, in order to speed up with renewable energy sources new actions should be stimulated. The aim of the article is to describe the most popular renewable energy installations in Poland and further to search for a case study indicating that an investment in renewable sources is profitable without financial support. The results indicate that prior literature does not present any analysis of profitable renewable energy investment without financial support. It states the need for regulators to implement additional financial support not only on the European Union level but also on the national one.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Subsidies as Financing Opportunities – the Development of Renewable Energy Sources in Poland</article-title>

Subsidies as Financing Opportunities – the Development of Renewable Energy Sources in Poland

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The purpose of the research is to find the reasons that led to unusually high profitability in Russian fisheries in 2014-2016. The analysis showed that the main driver of profitability growth is the growth of domestic prices for fish and fish products, which outstripped the overall food inflation. Governmental support for fishing led to a rapid increase in fishing rent, which was almost entirely appropriated by fishing companies. But such a basis for the growth of Russian fishing is unstable in the medium and long term.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>The Study of Factors that Caused High Profitability of Russian Fisheries in 2014-2016</article-title>

The Study of Factors that Caused High Profitability of Russian Fisheries in 2014-2016

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>Since the beginning of the 1990s, there has been an intensive restructuring of hard coal sector in Poland. In this process, successive mines are being decommissioned, most of which are characterized by considerable methane content. The vast majority of hard coal mines in Poland, including all the mines belonging to Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa S.A. are highly methane mines. This means that the air flowing out of the mine shafts contains a certain concentration of methane, the size of which depends on the amount of air and the amount of methane-filled air, which is emitted into the mine excavations. In 2019 alone, nearly 807 million m<sup>3</sup> of methane was released from the rock mass affected by mining, out of which only 195.6 million m<sup>3</sup> were used economically. This publication presents and characterizes projects involving the extraction and economic use of methane from both active and decommissioned mines. The paper also points out the legal and administrative conditions in which projects related to methane extraction and utilization can be implemented. The paper presents measurable benefits from demethylation not only in terms of improving the safety of coal extraction, but mainly economic and ecological aspects. Above all, attention was paid to the fact that the vast majority of methane was irreversibly emitted to the atmosphere to the detriment of the natural environment.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Methane – Fuel Gas. Opportunities and Threats</article-title>

Methane – Fuel Gas. Opportunities and Threats

{"article-title":"Methane \u2013 Fuel Gas. Opportunities and Threats"}

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>A comparative analysis of factors of vacuum rail’s competitiveness in Poland relative to other means of transport is presented. Only such determinants of competitiveness as price and time of travel are focussed on and compared with alternative solutions on selected routes. Impact of price changes on effectiveness of vacuum rail construction is additionally analysed. Investment effectiveness in the case of vacuum rail is considered in the long time-frame, given the time of infrastructure depreciation and of due return on sources of committed financing. The analysis helps to identify key factors which may decide competitive advantage of vacuum rail in Poland over other means of transport.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Economic Factors of Vacuum Rail’s Competitiveness in Poland Compared to Alternative Solutions</article-title>

Economic Factors of Vacuum Rail’s Competitiveness in Poland Compared to Alternative Solutions

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>The paper presents the concept of vibration measurement and reduction system for rails in hyperloop technology. It is based on the experience of measuring vibrations in high-speed rail, the first commercial magnetic rail, and vibration reduction systems for these rails. The authors outlined a conceptual vibration monitoring system based on the MQTT protocol and the vibration reduction method. The vibration reduction systems based on variable-characteristic silencers and solutions used in research centers, especially in CERNie and LIGO, were de-scribed.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Analysis of the Vibration Measurement and Reduction Possibilities in Linear Infrastructure for Vacuum Rail Technology</article-title>

Analysis of the Vibration Measurement and Reduction Possibilities in Linear Infrastructure for Vacuum Rail Technology

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>Due to the innovation of transport means based on hyperloop technology, the correctness of its functioning should be investigated in relation to many technical, economic and operational factors. This paper presents an analysis of the hyperloop technology from the point of view of ensuring safety of passengers while travelling in a low-pressure rail tunnel. The main subject of research was the design of hyperloop station infrastructure and the safety management system that will ensure the safety of passengers at the station in the sphere of atmospheric pressure, despite the station’s interaction with low-pressure tubes during entry and exit of the capsules. The safety management system also includes evacuation of passengers from low-pressure tubes in an emergency situation. The paper reviews the key issues of passenger safety in the hyperloop transport system, which are the source of justified and unfounded people’ fear of using this transport means despite its obvious advantages. The authors’ original achievement is the identification of critical points of passenger safety during their stay in the station area and during their journey through a low-pressure tunnel, as well as the design of a double airlock that can be used in the hyperloop tunnel at repeatable intervals with the aim of evacuating passengers to the atmospheric pressure zone. The designed solution allows to eliminate one of the significant weaknesses of the transport system using low-pressure rail.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Key Points of the Management System for the Safety of Passengers Travelling with Low-Pressure Trains</article-title>

Key Points of the Management System for the Safety of Passengers Travelling with Low-Pressure Trains

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<p>Hyperloop is a new concept of transport system the main assumption of which is to use hermetic tunnels where air pressure is very low compared to atmospheric pressure. It enables significant reduction of traffic resistance and, as a result, energy consumption. One of the most important elements of this system is land infrastructure with transport tubes. This system component has a significant impact on the construction costs related to the whole system and affects its functional parameters (e.g. capsule travel speed). Appropriate configuration of the route of a new transport system will require the use of all possible ways of leading transport tubes, including tunneling. The paper presents the key premises that prove a large potential application of tunnel technologies in the development of a new transport system.</p>
</abstract>

<article-title>Potential for Tunnel Technology in the Development of Hyperloop Vacuum Rail</article-title>

Potential for Tunnel Technology in the Development of Hyperloop Vacuum Rail

{"article-title":"Potential for Tunnel Technology in the Development of Hyperloop Vacuum Rail"}

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<p> <em>New Trends in Production Engineering</em> ist in den folgenden Services indiziert: </p> <ul> <li> Baidu Scholar </li> <li> CNKI Scholar (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) </li> <li> CNPIEC - cnpLINKer </li> <li> EBSCO Discovery Service </li> <li> Google Scholar </li> <li> J-Gate </li> <li> KESLI-NDSL (Korean National Discovery for Science Leaders) </li> <li> MyScienceWork </li> <li> Naver Academic </li> <li> Naviga (Softweco) </li> <li> Primo Central (ExLibris) </li> <li> ReadCube </li> <li> Semantic Scholar </li> <li> Summon (ProQuest) </li> <li> TDNet </li> <li> TEMA<sup>®</sup> Technology and Management </li> <li> WorldCat (OCLC) </li> </ul>

<DIV align=left> <P>Dear Authors and Readers, </P> <P>We would like to inform that due to the maintenance works currently performed, you may experience temporary problems with the website's functionalities. <EM>New Trends in Production Engineering</EM> is a book series publication, however at the moment it is incorrectly displayed as a journal. We apologize for any inconvenience caused. </P> <P>Kind regards, <BR>Sciendo Team </P><BR> <P>The aim of the monograph <EM>New Trends in Production Engineering</EM> is to promote knowledge and innovative solutions in the field of production engineering, taking into account various sectors of industry. </P> <P>The scope of the monograph includes, but is not limited to: </P> <UL> <P></P> <LI>Smart Engineering </LI> <LI>Industry 4.0 </LI> <LI>Sustainability Engineering and Management </LI> <LI>Technology Assessment </LI> <LI>Manufacturing Process Design and Planning </LI> <LI>Organizing and Controlling of Production Processes </LI> <LI>Information Technology in Production Engineering </LI> <LI>Management of Product and Process Innovations </LI> <LI>Management Systems in Production Engineering </LI> <LI>Manufacturing Engineering and Maintenance </LI> <LI>Mechanization and Automation of Production Processes </LI> <LI>Quality Engineering and Management </LI> <LI>Environmental Impacts of Production Systems </LI> <LI>Social Aspects of Production Engineering </LI> <LI>Workplace Health and Safety Management Systems </LI> <P></P></UL> <P>The focus on both the scientific as well as the practical impact of the monograph chapters will bridge the gap between research and successful industrial application of the newest solutions in the area of production engineering. </P> <UL> <LI>International Conferences XVII HUMAN SAFETY IN WORK ENVIRONMENT, XIV OPERATING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT, IX INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, New Trends in Production Engineering 2018 e-Book ISBN: 978-83-66675-06-3 </LI> <LI>International Conference MINING TECHNIQUES „TUR”, New Trends in Production Engineering 2019 issue 1 e-Book ISBN: 978-3-11-067480-4, ISBN: 978-3-11-067479-8 (print) </LI> <LI>International Conference PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT IN INDUSTRY, New Trends in Production Engineering 2019 issue 2 e-Book ISBN: 978-83-66675-14-8, ISBN: 978-83-956095-0-3 (print) </LI> <LI>International Conference Energy and Mining – Perspectives on Sustainable Development, New Trends in Production Engineering 2020 e-Book ISBN: 978-83-66675-01-8, ISBN: 978-83-66675-00-1 (print) </LI></UL> <P></P> <P><STRONG>Archiving</STRONG> </P> <P>Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in <A href="https://www.portico.org/">Portico</A> - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections. </P><STRONG></STRONG> <P><STRONG>Plagiarism Policy</STRONG> </P> <P>The editorial board is participating in a growing community of <A href="https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/">Similarity Check System's</A> users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process </P></DIV>

<P><STRONG>Editor-in-Chief</STRONG><BR>Witold Biały, Silesian University of Technology, Poland </P> <P><STRONG>Deputy/ Managing Editor</STRONG><BR>Patrycja Hąbek, Silesian University of Technology, Poland </P> <P><STRONG>Editorial Advisory Board</STRONG><BR>Spilios D. Fassois, University of Patras, Greece<BR>Diego Galar, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden<BR>Jarosław Zawadzki, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland </P> <P><STRONG>Editors<BR></STRONG>Hamed Alavi, Estonian Business School, Estonia<BR>Pavel Beňo, Technical University in Zvolen, Slovak Republic<BR>Pavol Božek, Slovak University of Technology Bratislava, Slovak Republic<BR>Helena Čierna, Technical University in Zvolen, Slovak Republic<BR>Rafael Barrionuevo Giménez, Area of Vigo School of Mine, Spain<BR>Magdalena Graczyk, University of Zielona Gora, Poland<BR>Wieslaw Grebski, The Pennsylvania State University, USA<BR>Armin Grunwald, Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis, Germany<BR>Jiri Kliber, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic<BR>Ewa W. Maruszewska, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland<BR>Victor Nordin, Kaliningrad State Technical University, Russian Federation<BR>František Nový, University of Zilina, Slovak Republic<BR>Luminita Parv, Transilvania University of Braşov, Romania<BR>Ján Paško, Technical University in Kosice, Slovak Republic<BR>Juraj Ružbarsky, Technical University in Kosice, Slovak Republic<BR>Libor Sitek, Institute of Geonics of the CAS, Czech Republic<BR>Zdenko Tkáč, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic<BR>Robert Ulewicz, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland<BR>Jerry Wedzicha, Ministry of Labour, Mining Health & Safety Program, Canada<BR>Juan Jose Lavios Villahoz, University of Burgos, Spain<BR>Jozef Žarnovský, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic<BR>Marian Kučera, Technical University in Zvolen, Slovak Republic<BR>Rostislav Chotěborský, Czech University of Life Sciences Praha, Czech Republic<BR>Otakar Bokuvka, Technical University in Zilina, Slovak Republic<BR>Zdeněk Zmeškal, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic </P> <P><STRONG>Language Editors<BR></STRONG>Michalene Eva Grebski, Northampton Community College, USA </P> <P><STRONG>Technical Editors<BR></STRONG>Michał Zasadzień, Silesian University of Technology, Poland<BR>Katarzyna Midor, Silesian University of Technology, Poland </P> <P><STRONG>Publisher<BR></STRONG>De Gruyter Poland<BR>Bogumiła Zuga 32A Str.<BR>01-811 Warsaw, Poland<BR>T: +48 22 701 50 15 </P>

<DIV align=left> <P><STRONG>Open Access Statement</STRONG> </P> <P>The journal is an Open Access journal that allows a free unlimited access to all its contents without any restrictions upon publication to all users. </P> <P><STRONG>Open Access License</STRONG> </P> <P>These book series provide immediate open access to its content under the <A href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0">Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0</A>. Authors who publish with these book series retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. </P></DIV>

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Part 1: Energy and Mining – Perspectives on Sustainable Development. Editor: Witold Biały

Part 2: Energy and Mining – Perspectives on Sustainable Development. Editor: Ewa W. Maruszewska

Part 1: Energy and Mining – Perspectives on Sustainable Development. Editor: Witold Biały

Part 2: Energy and Mining – Perspectives on Sustainable Development. Editor: Ewa W. Maruszewska

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