Volumen 65 (2016): Heft 1 (March 2016)

A review of the occurrence of representatives of the families Strongylophthalmyiidae, Tanypezidae and Megamerinidae (Diptera) in the Czech Republic and Slovakia is presented based on literary data and recently obtained records. Strongylophthalmyia pictipes Frey, 1935 (Strongylophthalmyiidae) is a new addition to the fauna of the Czech Republic. Its record from the Jizerské hory Mts is the second from Central Europe and represents a new southwestern most distribution limit of the species. Biology, distribution, faunistics in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and importance for nature conservation (with evaluation of degree of jeopardy) are discussed for all species, including also Strongylophthalmyia ustulata (Zetterstedt, 1847), Tanypeza longimana Fallén, 1820 (Tanypezidae) and Megamerina dolium (Fabricius, 1805 (Megamerinidae).

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss at a weight of 115 ± 24 g (mean ± SD) were experimentally injected with di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxine (TCDD) and gamma isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH ) to evaluate nitrogen metabolism (total protein [TP], blood urea nitrogen, uric acid [UA], creatinine), carbohydrate metabolism (glucose), mineral metabolism (inorganic phosphate[P], total calcium [Ca_t]), and catalytic activity of enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], lactate dehydrogenase [LD]). After 21 days, the tested xenobiotics, administered by the intraperitoneally route, caused the following effect: in comparison with negative controls, fish injected with DEHP at concentrations of 200 or 50 mg kg^-1 of body weight were found to have a higher level of P and lower level of Ca_t and decreased catalytic concentrations of ALT, AST, ALP and LD in the plasma of the peripheral blood. A higher level of TP and P and a decreased catalytic concentration of ALT were found when TCDD was administered at a dose of 2 μg kg^-1. A decrease in the catalytic concentrations of ALT and ALP occurred in fish injected with γ-HCH in a dose of 50 mg kg^-1. UA and P levels were decreased in fish injected with γ-HCH in a dose of 5 mg kg^-1. DEHP and TCDD caused neutrophilic leucocytosis with a marked left shift. Both concentrations of γ-HCH led to an increase in polychromatophilic erythrocytes. The frequency of micronuclei varied in all experimental groups, including the controls, ranging between 0.8 and 2.1 ‰. Histological examination in fish injected with DEHP at a concentration of 200 mg kg^-1 revealed eosinophilic droplets in the epithelium of renal tubules and histological examination in fish injected with γ-HCH at a higher concentration revealed an increased activation of sinusoidal cells in the liver, a fibrous thickening of bile duct walls, bile duct hyperplasia and a periductal inflammatory.

Records of six species of the families Ulidiidae, Anthomyzidae, Asteiidae, Milichiidae, Chloropidae and Curtonotidae from glacial sand deposits in the Hlučínsko region (NW Czech Republic) are presented and their association with sandy habitats are discussed. Two thermophilous and/or xerophilous species, Anthomyza elbergi Andersson, 1976 (Anthomyzidae) and Desmometopa discipalpis Papp, 1993 (Milichiidae) represent new additions to the fauna of the Czech Republic. Two psammophilous or psammobiont species, Eutropha variegata Loew, 1866 (Chloropidae) and Curtonotum anus (Meigen, 1830) (Curtonotidae) are recorded for the first time from Moravia and the Czech Silesia respectively, the latter from a locality lying on northern border of its distributional range. Also Asteia elegantula Zetterstedt, 1847 (Asteiidae) is first recorded from the Czech Silesia and Desmometopa discipalpis is recorded from its northernmost known locality. Information on microhabitats of these species and also the psammobiont Tetanops myopina Fallén, 1820 (Ulidiidae) in sandpits are provided and most of them were photographed alive. The origins of populations of these species on glacial sands in the Hlučínsko region are discussed and it is concluded that while Asteia elegantula and Eutropha variegata are widespread in the W Palaearctic, Curtonotum anus and Desmometopa discipalpis are distinctly of southern origin and, most interestingly, Tetanops myopina and Anthomyza elbergi seem to originate from northern Europe and may have reached this area already during the Saalian glaciation (cca 160 000 ya).

This short note provides data on casual occurrence of Physostegia virginiana in Poland. It was found on abandoned allotments in the western part of the town of Skarżysko-Kamienna in 2015 (ATPOL cartogram unit: EE45). Its population consists of 153 generative ramets growing in three clumps. The habitat suggests that the plant probably escaped from cultivation with dumped garden waste.

Records of eight rare species of the families Psilidae (4), Piophilidae (1), Lauxaniidae (1), Cremifaniidae (1) and Sphaeroceridae (1) from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Austria are presented and their importance to the knowledge of the biodiversity of local faunas is discussed along with notes on their biology, distribution and identification. Psilidae: Chamaepsila tenebrica (Shatalkin, 1986) is a new addition to the West Palaearctic fauna (recorded from the Czech Republic and Slovakia); Ch. andreji (Shatalkin, 1991) and Ch. confusa Shatalkin & Merz, 2010 are recorded from the Czech Republic (both Bohemia and Moravia) and Ch. andreji also from Austria for the first time, and Ch. unilineata (Zetterstedt, 1847) is added to the fauna of Moravia. Also Homoneura lamellata (Becker, 1895) (Lauxaniidae) and Cremifania nigrocellulata Czerny, 1904 (Cremifaniidae) are first recorded from Moravia and Copromyza pseudostercoraria Papp, 1976 (Sphaeroceridae) is a new addition to faunas of both the Czech Republic (Moravia only) and Slovakia, and its record from Moravia represents a new northernmost limit of its distribution. Pseudoseps signata (Fallén, 1820) (Piophilidae), an endangered species in the Czech Republic, is reported from Bohemia for second time. Photographs of Chamaepsila tenebrica (male), Pseudoseps signata (living female), Homoneura lamellata (male), Cremifania lanceolata (male) and Copromyza pseudostercoraria (male) are presented to enable recognition of these species.

Orchis purpurea Huds. is protected species both in the Czech Republic and Poland. In 2014 a new locality was found in Kojkovice (district Třinec) in the Cieszyn Foothils near border with Poland. The only one blooming individual was observed in 2014 and 2015 but it was accompanied by other 6 orchid species, that were much more abundant, as: Orchis pallens, Orchis mascula subsp. signifera, Listera ovata, Platanthera bifolia, Cephalanthera damasonium, Neottia nidus-avis. The Kojkovice forest deserves to be protected area due to abundant occurrence of many orchids.

Flat-footed fly (Diptera: Platypezidae) Agathomyia cinerea (Zetterstedt, 1852) is recorded from the Czech Republic for the first time, based on specimens found in the Bukovec Nature Reserve near Jizerka (Kořenov) in the Jizerské hory Mts and Svatý Petr in the Krkonoše Mts. The distribution, seasonal occurrence and habitat preference of this species in Europe are commented. Additionally, two other flat-footed flies, Polyporivora picta (Meigen, 1830) and Seri obscuripennis (Oldenberg, 1916) are recorded for the first time from the territory of Bohemia.

The Slender-billed Curlew (Numenius tenuirostris) is a higly endangered, almost extinct shorebird species in Europe. This paper describes little-known evidence about its occurrence in the Bohemian territory, which could help to get this species back on the checklist of birds in the Czech Republic.

The paper presents the results of floristic and vegetation analyses of the landfill Supíkovice. Ruderal, segetal and meadow vegetation units were recorded in June 2015. The most interesting findings were threatened weed species growing in decontamination patches on loamy and nutrient-poor soils in the central part of the landfill. Dianthus armeria (C4a) and Filago arvensis (C3) are listed in the national Red List of the Czech Republic. Moreover, these taxa were evaluated in the same category of rarity on the regional level. Apart from the above mentioned, Centaurea cyanus (C4a) and Papaver dubium (C4a), registered only in the regional Red List of vascular plants of the Moravian-Silesian Region (see methods), were found. Besides threatened species, relatively small populations of invasive taxa as Erigeron annuus, Impatiens parviflora or Reynoutria sp., were also recorded on the landfill Supíkovice.

Sporophytes were for the first time recorded in three populations of Dicranum tauricum in the Czech Republic. Until now, such records were extremely scarce in Central Europe. Two populations observed concurrently at nearby localities were found in markedly different phenophases, whereas two populations observed at different localities in spring and autumn seemed to develop synchronously. The sporophytes are illustrated with conventional and SEM photography.

Linarite, PbCu²⁺(SO₄)(OH)₂, and associated minerals were studied at new locality near Kletné, where they occur in dump material of historic Ag-Pb mines exploited during the 16^th century. Linarite forms thin blue coatings and tiny dark blue crystals (<1 mm in size) in small cavities, in assemblage with cerussite, brochantite and supergene copper sulfides. Mineral was identified by chemical analyses (electron microprobe), Raman spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Chemical composition of the studied linarite can be expressed by empirical formula Pb_0.98Cu_1.06(SO₄)_Σ0.96(OH)_2.15 and its refined unit-cell parameters are: a = 9.6944(3), b = 5.6499(2), c = 4.6846(1) Å, ß = 102.669(3)° and V = 250.50(1) ų. Linarite formed together with other supergene minerals in the oxidation zone of the deposit by weathering of Pb- and Cu-sulphides.