Yolkin restores cellular immune response and content of T and B cells in lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide-immunocompromised mice

Zimecki, Michał; Artym, Jolanta; Kocięba, Maja; Zaczyńska, Ewa; Sysak, Angelika; Szczypka, Marianna; Lis, Magdalena; Obmińska-Mrukowicz, Bożena; Zambrowicz, Aleksandra; Bobak, Łukasz

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Yolkin restores cellular immune response and content of T and B cells in lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide-immunocompromised mice

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Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz

Obmińska-Mrukowicz, Bożena

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Aleksandra Zambrowicz

Zambrowicz, Aleksandra

and

Łukasz Bobak

Bobak, Łukasz

Sep 06, 2025

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Journal of Veterinary Research

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Published Online: Sep 06, 2025

Received: Feb 24, 2025

Accepted: Sep 01, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2025-0044

Keywords
contact sensitivity, humoral response, oxazolone challenge, cyclophosphamide, yolkin, vitellogenin degradation product

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Experimental design. Immunological determinations in (A) the model of contact sensitivity to oxazolone (OXA) and (B) the model of humoral response to ovalbumin (OVA). CP – cyclophosphamide

Changes in cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunocompromised mouse body weight during the experimental period. The results are presented as % of initial body weight (mean values) of mice from individual experimental groups from both research models: contact sensitivity to oxazolone and humoral response to ovalbumin. Control – control mice given only 0.9% NaCl; Yolkin – mice given 0.9% NaCl and yolkin; CP/Control – mice given only CP; CP/Yolkin – mice given CP and yolkin

Antigen specific increase in ear oedema in cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunocompromised mice expressing contact sensitivity to oxazolone. The antigen-specific increase of ear thickness (the difference obtained by subtracting the baseline measurement from the measurement taken from sensitised mice) is presented as the mean value of ear thickness measured in eight mice (16 determinations) in mm ± standard error of the mean. * – statistically significant (P-value < 0.05); Control – control mice given only 0.9% NaCl; Yolkin – mice given 0.9% NaCl and yolkin; CP/Control – mice given only CP; CP/Yolkin – mice given CP and yolkin

The levels of antibodies to ovalbumin in cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunocompromised mice followed by 26-d oral treatment with yolkin. The data are presented as mean and individual values of the antibody levels on a logarithmic scale. Control – control mice given only 0.9% NaCl; Yolkin – mice given 0.9% NaCl and yolkin; CP/Control – mice given only CP; CP/Yolkin – mice given CP and yolkin

Effects of treatment with yolkin for 26 d on the total number of cells and the numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations in the lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunocompromised mice

	Total number of cells in the examined organs
	Thymus	Spleen	Lymph nodes	Bone marrow
Control	97.3 ± 3.5 ^a	141.2 ± 6.7 ^a	34.05 ± 1.4 a^b	20.3 ± 1.0 a^b
Yolkin	94.3 ± 2.8 ^ab	126.9 ± 3.7 ^a	37.5 ± 2.9 ^a	21.1 ± 1.2 ^a
CP/Control	82.1 ± 3.1 ^bc	82.0 ± 6.2 ^b	24.7 ± 1.9 ^c	11.6 ± 0.8 ^c
CP/Yolkin	93.0 ± 4.5 ^abc	92.9 ± 5.2 ^b	30.6 ± 2.6 ^abc	20.2 ± 2.0 ^ab
Thymocytes
	CD8⁺	CD4⁺CD8⁺	CD4^–CD8^–	CD4⁺
Control	3.9 ± 0.4 ^a	59.2 ± 4.2 ^a	7.3 ± 1.4 ^a	25.9 ± 1.8 ^a
Yolkin	4.1 ± 0.4 ^a	54.9 ± 2.7 ^ab	6.0 ± 0.5 ^a	28.6 ± 3.3 ^a
CP/Control	4.1 ± 0.5 ^a	43.0 ± 2.3 ^c	5.1 ± 0.5 ^a	30.1 ± 1.5 ^a
CP/Yolkin	4.9 ± 0.7 ^a	50.4 ± 1.8 ^abc	5.1 ± 0.5 ^a	32.6 ± 2.2 ^a
Splenocytes
	CD8⁺	CD4⁺	CD3⁺	CD19⁺	CD14⁺CD169⁺	CD25⁺Foxp3⁺
Control	12.6 ± 0.6 ^a	24.5 ± 1.0 ^a	48.6 ± 2.8 ^a	76.8 ± 3.3 ^a	3.4 ± 0.4 ^a	11.4 ± 0.8 ^a
Yolkin	8.1 ± 0.4 ^b	20.5 ± 1.1 ^ab	38.7 ± 1.2 ^b	75.3 ± 3.4 ^a	4.5 ± 0.8 ^a	10.4 ± 0.5 ^a
CP/Control	4.4 ± 0.8 ^c	14.2 ± 1.7 ^c	25.4 ± 3.3 ^c	44.4 ± 2.4 ^b	3.1 ± 0.4 ^a	6.6 ± 0.5 ^b
CP/Yolkin	7.3 ± 0.9 ^b	15.4 ± 1.1 ^bc	31.1 ± 2.2 ^bc	52.0 ± 3.4 ^b	4.0 ± 0.8 ^a	7.2 ± 0.7 ^b
Mesenteric lymph node cells
	CD8⁺	CD4⁺	CD3⁺	CD19⁺
Control	4.2 ± 0.4 ^a	19.6 ± 0.7 ^a	22.5 ± 1.6 ^a	9.9 ± 1.3 ^a
Yolkin	4.2 ± 0.3 ^a	19.7 ± 1.3 ^a	23.0 ± 1.2 ^a	13.2 ± 2.1 ^a
CP/Control	3.3 ± 0.4 ^a	17.4 ± 1.5 ^a	20.6 ±.1.8 ^a	3.2 ± 0.4 ^b
CP/Yolkin	4.0 ± 0.4 ^a	21.6 ± 1.7 ^a	24.9 ± 2.1 ^a	4.0 ± 0.7 ^b
Bone marrow cells
	CD19⁺
Control	13.8 ± 0.6 ^a
Yolkin	12.6 ± 0.8 ^ab
CP/Control	7.7 ± 0.5 ^c
CP/Yolkin	13.1 ± 0.6 ^ab

Effects of treatment with yolkin for 13 d on total number of immune cells and the numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations in the lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunocompromised mice

	Total number of cells in the examined organs
	Thymus	Spleen	Lymph nodes	Bone marrow
Control	64.3 ± 4.9 ^ab	82.1 ± 10.7 ^a	36.1 ± 2.6 ^a	21.5 ± 1.3 ^a
Yolkin	68.8 ± 5.4 ^a	87.4 ± 12.9 ^a	39.1 ± 2.5 ^a	24.3 ± 2.4 ^a
CP/Control	48.7 ± 2.9 ^bc	61.6 ± 7.7 ^a	14.8 ± 1.7 ^b	14.7 ± 1.4 ^b
CP/Yolkin	60.0 ± 5.8 ^abc	75.8 ± 11.6 ^a	16.1 ± 0.8^b	14.9 ± 0.9 ^b
Thymocytes
	CD8⁺	CD4⁺CD8⁺	CD4^–CD8^–	CD4⁺
Control	2.9 ± 0.6 ^a	41.6 ± 3.4 ^a	2.3 ± 0.2 ^ab	17.5 ± 1.7 ^a
Yolkin	2.9 ± 0.6 ^a	46.1 ± 4.2 ^a	2.7 ± 0.2 ^a	17.2 ± 1.6 ^a
CP/Control	1.5 ± 0.2 ^a	30.1 ± 4.5 ^a	1.4 ± 0.2 ^c	10.0 ± 2.1 ^a
CP/Yolkin	1.8 ±0.4 ^a	36.7 ± 5.8 ^a	1.5 ± 0.3 ^bc	15.4 ± 2.7 ^a
Splenocytes
	CD8⁺	CD4⁺	CD3⁺	CD19⁺	CD14+CD169⁺	CD25⁺Foxp3⁺
Control	7.7 ± 1.7 ^a	15.25 ± 1.7 ^a	28.4 ± 3.9 ^a	44.6 ± 5.7 ^a	1.9 ± 0.2 ^a	6.9 ± 1.0 ^a
Yolkin	6.7 ± 1.8 ^a	15.41 ± 3.0 ^a	29.8 ± 5.7 ^a	48.0 ± 6.0 ^a	2.01 ± 0.2 ^a	7.7 ± 0.9^a
CP/Control	3.3 ± 0.6 ^a	7.8 ± 1.3 ^a	19.1 ± 1.4 ^a	33.7 ± 5.2 ^a	2.7 ± 0.5 ^a	6.1 ± 0.7 ^a
CP/Yolkin	5.9 ± 1.1 ^a	13.6 ± 2.4 ^a	25.5 ± 3.2 ^a	38.7 ± 6.8 ^a	3.1 ± 0.6 ^a	6.2 ± 1.2 ^a
Mesenteric lymph node cells
	CD8⁺	CD4⁺	CD3⁺	CD19⁺
Control	5.4 ± 0.6 ^a	21.1 ± 1.8 ^a	25.3 ± 2.1 ^a	10.2 ± 0.6 ^a
Yolkin	4.6 ± 0.1^a	21.1 ± 1.6 ^a	25. 9 ± 1.8 ^a	9.2 ± 1.5^a
CP/Control	2.1 ± 0.2 ^b	9.9 ± 1.1 ^b	12.0 ± 1.4 ^b	2.3 ± 0.3^b
CP/Yolkin	2.6 ± 0.1 ^b	10.4 ± 0.5 ^b	12.7 ± 0.5 ^b	3.1 ± 0.3^b
Bone marrow cells
	CD19⁺
Control	12.8 ± 0.9 ^ab
Yolkin	14.5 ± 1.4 ^a
CP/Control	9.7 ± 0.8 ^bc
CP/Yolkin	9.0 ± 0.9 ^bc

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Yolkin restores cellular immune response and content of T and B cells in lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide-immunocompromised mice

Published Online: Sep 06, 2025

Received: Feb 24, 2025

Accepted: Sep 01, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2025-0044

Keywords
contact sensitivity, humoral response, oxazolone challenge, cyclophosphamide, yolkin, vitellogenin degradation product

© 2025 Michał Zimecki et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Effects of treatment with yolkin for 26 d on the total number of cells and the numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations in the lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunocompromised mice

Effects of treatment with yolkin for 13 d on total number of immune cells and the numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations in the lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunocompromised mice

Yolkin restores cellular immune response and content of T and B cells in lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide-immunocompromised mice

Michał Zimecki

Jolanta Artym

Maja Kocięba

Ewa Zaczyńska

Angelika Sysak

Marianna Szczypka

Magdalena Lis

Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz

Aleksandra Zambrowicz

Łukasz Bobak

Published Online: Sep 06, 2025

Received: Feb 24, 2025

Accepted: Sep 01, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2025-0044

Keywordscontact sensitivity, humoral response, oxazolone challenge, cyclophosphamide, yolkin, vitellogenin degradation product

© 2025 Michał Zimecki et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Effects of treatment with yolkin for 26 d on the total number of cells and the numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations in the lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunocompromised mice

Effects of treatment with yolkin for 13 d on total number of immune cells and the numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations in the lymphoid organs of cyclophosphamide (CP)-immunocompromised mice

Keywords
contact sensitivity, humoral response, oxazolone challenge, cyclophosphamide, yolkin, vitellogenin degradation product