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The course of pigeon circovirus infection in young pigeons experimentally kept under conditions mimicking the One Loft Race rearing system

Daria Dziewulska

Daria Dziewulska

Department of Poultry Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztyn, Poland
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Dziewulska, Daria
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Bartłomiej Tykałowski

Bartłomiej Tykałowski

Department of Poultry Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztyn, Poland
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Tykałowski, Bartłomiej
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Ewa Łukaszuk

Ewa Łukaszuk

Department of Poultry Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztyn, Poland
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Łukaszuk, Ewa
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Tomasz Stenzel

Tomasz Stenzel

Department of Poultry Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztyn, Poland
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Stenzel, Tomasz
  
Mar 01, 2025
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Published Online: Mar 01, 2025
Page range: 1 - 6
Received: Jul 08, 2024
Accepted: Feb 14, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2025-0009
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© 2025 Daria Dziewulska et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Representative histograms of splenic B IgM+ flow cytometry analyses. A. Density plot of the extracellular staining for B IgM, Annexin V and 7-AAD. Three states of the cells were identified: viable cells, QIII (Annexin V/7-AAD = –/–); early apoptotic cells, QIV (Annexin/7-AAD = +/–); necrotic and late apoptotic cells, QI and QII (Annexin V/7-AAD = –/+ and +/+). B. Representative histogram of the sample with high apoptosis. C. Representative histogram of the sample with low apoptosis. The red color on the part B and C indicates on control cells (stained with anti-B IgM antibodies and 7-AAD), whereas the blue color indicates on apoptotic cells stained additionally with Annexin V
Representative histograms of splenic B IgM+ flow cytometry analyses. A. Density plot of the extracellular staining for B IgM, Annexin V and 7-AAD. Three states of the cells were identified: viable cells, QIII (Annexin V/7-AAD = –/–); early apoptotic cells, QIV (Annexin/7-AAD = +/–); necrotic and late apoptotic cells, QI and QII (Annexin V/7-AAD = –/+ and +/+). B. Representative histogram of the sample with high apoptosis. C. Representative histogram of the sample with low apoptosis. The red color on the part B and C indicates on control cells (stained with anti-B IgM antibodies and 7-AAD), whereas the blue color indicates on apoptotic cells stained additionally with Annexin V

The results of pigeon circovirus quantification by droplet digital PCR in blood throughout the experimental period

Day of sampling
0 7 14 21 28 35 42
Mean PiCV viral load 342.60 1,334.8 6,054.07 5,526.86 4,665.00 1,261.54 202.69
SD of PiCV viral load 859.24 3,964.54 14,556.08 11,115.70 10,974.15 4,181.36 679.48

The percentage of B IgM+ lymphocytes, including the apoptotic (APO) and necrotic (NECRO) cells, in the population of blood mononuclear cells of the experimental and control pigeons throughout the experiment

Day of sampling Group
Experimental Control
B IgM+ (%) B IgM APO (%) B IgM NECRO (%) B IgM+ (%) B IgM APO (%) B IgM NECRO (%)
Mn SD Mn SD Mn SD Mn SD Mn SD Mn SD
0 7.73 0.9 1.99a 0.64 0.45 0.78 7.17 0.83 3.32b 2.1 0.16 0.15
7 7.60 1.28 2.46 1.35 0.22 0.33 7.17 0.83 3.32 2.1 0.16 0.15
14 7.14 0.98 3.50 1.49 0.28a 0.22 6.95 1.26 3.69 0.78 0.67b 0.48
21 7.39 0.67 1.68 0.44 0.12 0.08 7.04 0.37 1.56 0.58 0.14 0.08
28 7.63 0.82 1.07 0.32 0.08 0.07 6.92 0.70 1.18 0.02 0.02 0.03
35 6.93 0.67 2.10 0.56 0.16 0.17 6.36 0.34 1.67 0.39 0.31 0.16
42 7.70 0.74 2.01 0.63 0.04a 0.05 7.27 0.55 3.10 2.70 0.17b 0.17

The percentage of B IgM+ lymphocytes, including the apoptotic (APO) and necrotic (NECRO) cells, in the population of spleen mononuclear cells of the experimental and control pigeons on the last day of the experiment

Parameter Group
Experimental Control
Mn SD Mn SD
B IgM+ (%) 11.29 0.60 11.23 1.02
B IgM APO (%) 5.14 2.77 3.62 1.31
B IgM NECRO (%) 0.12 0.09 0.11 0.05
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Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology, Life Sciences, other, Medicine, Veterinary Medicine
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