This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Atef M., Youssef S.A., Atta A.H., el-Maaz A.A.: Disposition of tylosin in goats. Br Vet J 1991, 147, 207–215, doi: 10.1016/0007-1935(91)90045-O.AtefM.YoussefS.A.AttaA.H.el-MaazA.A.: Disposition of tylosin in goats. Br Vet J1991, 147, 207–215, 10.1016/0007-1935(91)90045-O.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Avci T., Elmas M.: Milk and blood pharmacokinetics of tylosin and tilmicosin following parenteral administrations to cows. Sci World J 2014, 869096, 1–6, doi: 10.1155/2014/869096.AvciT.ElmasM.: Milk and blood pharmacokinetics of tylosin and tilmicosin following parenteral administrations to cows. Sci World J2014, 869096, 1–6, 10.1155/2014/869096.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Champney W.S., Tober C.L.: Specific inhibition of 50S ribosomal subunit formation in Staphylococcus aureus cells by 16-membered macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B antibiotics. Curr Microbiol 2000, 41, 126–135, doi: 10.1007/s002840010106.ChampneyW.S.ToberC.L.: Specific inhibition of 50S ribosomal subunit formation in Staphylococcus aureus cells by 16-membered macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B antibiotics. Curr Microbiol2000, 41, 126–135, 10.1007/s002840010106.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Chen J., Mei G., Zhang X., Huang D., He P., Xu D.: Dispersive solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-a rapid and accurate method for detecting 10 macrolide residues in aquatic products. Foods 2024, 13, 866, doi: 10.3390/foods13060866.ChenJ.MeiG.ZhangX.HuangD.HeP.XuD.: Dispersive solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-a rapid and accurate method for detecting 10 macrolide residues in aquatic products. Foods2024, 13, 866, 10.3390/foods13060866.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Cromwell G.L.: Why and how antibiotics are used in swine production. Anim Biotechnol 2002, 13, 7–27, doi: 10.1081/ABIO-120005767.CromwellG.L.: Why and how antibiotics are used in swine production. Anim Biotechnol2002, 13, 7–27, 10.1081/ABIO-120005767.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Cybulski P., Gajda A., Bilecka M., Jabłoński A.: Determination of tiamulin concentration in sow milk and in sera of suckling piglets. Molecules 2023, 28, 6940, doi: 10.3390/molecules28196940.CybulskiP.GajdaA.BileckaM.JabłońskiA.: Determination of tiamulin concentration in sow milk and in sera of suckling piglets. Molecules2023, 28, 6940, 10.3390/molecules28196940.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Cybulski P., Gajda A., Gbylik-Sikorska M., Jabłoński A.: A preliminary study on the concentration of oxytetracycline and 4-epi-oxytetracycline in sow milk. Molecules 2022, 27, 3258, doi: 10.3390/molecules27103258.CybulskiP.GajdaA.Gbylik-SikorskaM.JabłońskiA.: A preliminary study on the concentration of oxytetracycline and 4-epi-oxytetracycline in sow milk. Molecules2022, 27, 3258, 10.3390/molecules27103258.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Dudriková E., Pistl J., Sokol J., Nagy J., Burdová O., Puzder M.: Depletion of tylosin from the mammary gland of mastitic cows and its influence on the qualitative properties of milk. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 2000, 44, 267–272.DudrikováE.PistlJ.SokolJ.NagyJ.BurdováO.PuzderM.: Depletion of tylosin from the mammary gland of mastitic cows and its influence on the qualitative properties of milk. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy2000, 44, 267–272.Search in Google Scholar
Gajda A., Nowacka-Kozak E., Gbylik-Sikorska M., Cybulski P.: UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of antibiotics transfer and concentrations in porcine oral fluid after intramuscular application. Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15, 225, doi: 10.3390/ph15020225.GajdaA.Nowacka-KozakE.Gbylik-SikorskaM.CybulskiP.: UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of antibiotics transfer and concentrations in porcine oral fluid after intramuscular application. Pharmaceuticals2022, 15, 225, 10.3390/ph15020225.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gingerich D.A., Baggot J.D., Kowalski J.J.: Tylosin antimicrobial activity and pharmacokinetics in cows. Can Vet J 1977, 18, 96–100.GingerichD.A.BaggotJ.D.KowalskiJ.J.: Tylosin antimicrobial activity and pharmacokinetics in cows. Can Vet J1977, 18, 96–100.Search in Google Scholar
Hampson D.J., Burrough E.R.: Section IV: Bacterial Diseases, Chapter 62, Swine Dysentery and Brachyspiral Colitis. In: Diseases of Swine, 11th Edition, edited by J.J. Zimmerman, L.A. Karriker, A. Ramirez, K.J. Schwartz, G.W. Stevenson, J. Zhang, Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2019, pp. 951– 970.HampsonD.J.BurroughE.R.: Section IV: Bacterial Diseases, Chapter 62, Swine Dysentery and Brachyspiral Colitis. In: Diseases of Swine, 11th Edition, edited by J.J.ZimmermanL.A.KarrikerA.RamirezK.J.SchwartzG.W.StevensonJ.ZhangWiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2019, pp. 951– 970.Search in Google Scholar
Jacobsen A.M., Halling-Sørensen B.: Multi-component analysis of tetracyclines, sulfonamides and tylosin in swine manure by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006, 384, 1164–1174, doi: 10.1007/s00216-005-0261-9.JacobsenA.M.Halling-SørensenB.: Multi-component analysis of tetracyclines, sulfonamides and tylosin in swine manure by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem2006, 384, 1164–1174, 10.1007/s00216-005-0261-9.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Jordan F.T., Horrocks B.K., Jones S.K., Cooper A.C., Giles C.J.: A comparison of the efficacy of danofloxacin and tylosin in the control of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in broiler chicks. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1993, 16, 79–86, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1993.tb00292.x.JordanF.T.HorrocksB.K.JonesS.K.CooperA.C.GilesC.J.: A comparison of the efficacy of danofloxacin and tylosin in the control of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in broiler chicks. J Vet Pharmacol Ther1993, 16, 79–86, 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1993.tb00292.x.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Joy S.R., Li X., Snow D.D., Gilley J.E., Woodbury B., Bartelt-Hunt S.L.: Fate of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes in simulated swine manure storage. Sci Total Environ 2014, 481, 69–74, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.027.JoyS.R.LiX.SnowD.D.GilleyJ.E.WoodburyB.Bartelt-HuntS.L.: Fate of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes in simulated swine manure storage. Sci Total Environ2014, 481, 69–74, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.027.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Khaliq S., Ghauri M.A., Akhtar K.: Characterization of mutations in regulatory genes of Tyl cluster leading to overexpression of tylosin in mutant γ-1 of Streptomyces fradiae NRRL-2702. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014, 98, 785–793, doi: 10.1007/s00253-013-5317-8.KhaliqS.GhauriM.A.AkhtarK.: Characterization of mutations in regulatory genes of Tyl cluster leading to overexpression of tylosin in mutant γ-1 of Streptomyces fradiae NRRL-2702. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol2014, 98, 785–793, 10.1007/s00253-013-5317-8.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kim E.-Y., Gebru E., Lee J.-S., Kim J.-C., Park S.-C.: Pharmacokinetics of a florfenicol-tylosin combination after intravenous and intramuscular administration to beagle dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2011, 73, 463–466, doi: 10.1292/jvms.10-0243.KimE.-Y.GebruE.LeeJ.-S.KimJ.-C.ParkS.-C.: Pharmacokinetics of a florfenicol-tylosin combination after intravenous and intramuscular administration to beagle dogs. J Vet Med Sci2011, 73, 463–466, 10.1292/jvms.10-0243.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kim M.-H., Gebru E., Chang Z.-Q., Choi J.-Y., Hwang M.-H., Kang E.-H., Lim J.-H., Yun H.-I., Park S.-C.: Comparative pharmacokinetics of tylosin or florfenicol after a single intramuscular administration at two different doses of tylosin-florfenicol combination in pigs. J Vet Med Sci 2008, 70, 99–102, doi: 10.1292/jvms.70.99.KimM.-H.GebruE.ChangZ.-Q.ChoiJ.-Y.HwangM.-H.KangE.-H.LimJ.-H.YunH.-I.ParkS.-C.: Comparative pharmacokinetics of tylosin or florfenicol after a single intramuscular administration at two different doses of tylosin-florfenicol combination in pigs. J Vet Med Sci2008, 70, 99–102, 10.1292/jvms.70.99.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kirst H.A., Wild G.M., Baltz R.H., Hamill R.L., Ott J.L., Counter F.T., Ose E.E.: Structure-activity studies among 16-membered macrolide antibiotics related to tylosin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1982, 35, 1675–1682, doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.35.1675.KirstH.A.WildG.M.BaltzR.H.HamillR.L.OttJ.L.CounterF.T.OseE.E.: Structure-activity studies among 16-membered macrolide antibiotics related to tylosin. J Antibiot (Tokyo)1982, 35, 1675–1682, 10.7164/antibiotics.35.1675.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kolanović B.S., Bilandžić N., Varenina I., Božić D.: Tylosin content in meat and honey samples over a two-year period in Croatia. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2014, 35, 37–47, doi: 10.1080/15321819.2013.784198.KolanovićB.S.BilandžićN.VareninaI.BožićD.: Tylosin content in meat and honey samples over a two-year period in Croatia. J Immunoassay Immunochem2014, 35, 37–47, 10.1080/15321819.2013.784198.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Litterio N.J., Calvinho L.F., Flores M.M., Tarabla H.D., Boggio J.C.: Microbiological screening test validation for detection of tylosin excretion in milk of cows with low and high somatic cell counts. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 2007, 54, 30–35, doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2007.00901.x.LitterioN.J.CalvinhoL.F.FloresM.M.TarablaH.D.BoggioJ.C.: Microbiological screening test validation for detection of tylosin excretion in milk of cows with low and high somatic cell counts. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med2007, 54, 30–35, 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2007.00901.x.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Loke M.L., Ingerslev F., Halling-Sørensen B., Tjørnelund J.: Stability of tylosin A in manure containing test systems determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Chemosphere 2000, 40, 759–765, doi: 10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00450-6.LokeM.L.IngerslevF.Halling-SørensenB.TjørnelundJ.: Stability of tylosin A in manure containing test systems determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Chemosphere2000, 40, 759–765, 10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00450-6.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Marshall B.M., Levy S.B.: Food animals and antimicrobials: impacts on human health. Clin Microbiol Rev 2011, 24, 718–733, doi: 10.1128/CMR.00002-11.MarshallB.M.LevyS.B.: Food animals and antimicrobials: impacts on human health. Clin Microbiol Rev2011, 24, 718–733, 10.1128/CMR.00002-11.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
McOrist S., Morgan J., Veenhuizen M.F., Lawrence K., Kroger H.W.: Oral administration of tylosin phosphate for treatment and prevention of porcine proliferative enteropathy. Am J Vet Res 1997, 58, 136–139, doi: 10.2460/ajvr.1997.58.02.136.McOristS.MorganJ.VeenhuizenM.F.LawrenceK.KrogerH.W.: Oral administration of tylosin phosphate for treatment and prevention of porcine proliferative enteropathy. Am J Vet Res1997, 58, 136–139, 10.2460/ajvr.1997.58.02.136.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mirajkar N.S., Davies P.R., Gebhart C.J.: Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Brachyspira species isolated from swine herds in the United States. J Clin Microbiol 2016, 54, 2109–2119, doi: 10.1128/JCM.00834-16.MirajkarN.S.DaviesP.R.GebhartC.J.: Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Brachyspira species isolated from swine herds in the United States. J Clin Microbiol2016, 54, 2109–2119, 10.1128/JCM.00834-16.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Muñoz R., Cornejo J., Maddaleno A., Araya-Jordán C., Iragüen D., Pizarro N., San Martín B.: Withdrawal times of oxytetracycline and tylosin in eggs of laying hens after oral administration. J Food Prot 2014, 77, 1017–1021, doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-440.MuñozR.CornejoJ.MaddalenoA.Araya-JordánC.IragüenD.PizarroN.San MartínB.: Withdrawal times of oxytetracycline and tylosin in eggs of laying hens after oral administration. J Food Prot2014, 77, 1017–1021, 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-440.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Nagy J., Popelka P., Sokol J., Turek P., Neuschl J.: The excretion of tylosin residues in ewes’ milk after its experimental administration. Folia Vet 2001, 45, 196–198.NagyJ.PopelkaP.SokolJ.TurekP.NeuschlJ.: The excretion of tylosin residues in ewes’ milk after its experimental administration. Folia Vet2001, 45, 196–198.Search in Google Scholar
Nasr J.J., Shalan S., Belal F.: Simultaneous determination of tylosin and josamycin residues in muscles, liver, eggs and milk by MLC with a monolithic column and time-programmed UV detection: application to baby food and formulae. Chem Cent J 2014, 8, 37, doi: 10.1186/1752-153X-8-37.NasrJ.J.ShalanS.BelalF.: Simultaneous determination of tylosin and josamycin residues in muscles, liver, eggs and milk by MLC with a monolithic column and time-programmed UV detection: application to baby food and formulae. Chem Cent J2014, 8, 37, 10.1186/1752-153X-8-37.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Nowacka-Kozak E., Gajda A., Gbylik-Sikorska M.: Simultaneous determination of 68 antimicrobial compounds in pigs oral fluid by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2024, 1729, 465053, doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465053.Nowacka-KozakE.GajdaA.Gbylik-SikorskaM.: Simultaneous determination of 68 antimicrobial compounds in pigs oral fluid by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A2024, 1729, 465053, 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465053.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Papich M.G.: Chloramphenicol and Derivatives, Macrolides, Lincosamides, and Miscellaneous Antimicrobials. In: Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics Tenth Edition, edited by J.E. Riviere, M.G. Papich, John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2018, pp. 903–952.PapichM.G.: Chloramphenicol and Derivatives, Macrolides, Lincosamides, and Miscellaneous Antimicrobials. In: Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics Tenth Edition, edited by J.E.RiviereM.G.PapichJohn Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2018, pp. 903–952.Search in Google Scholar
Patyra E., Kwiatek K.: Simultaneous determination of sulfonamides, trimethoprim, amoxicillin and tylosin in medicated feed by high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. J Vet Res 2024, 68, 129–136, doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0011.PatyraE.KwiatekK.: Simultaneous determination of sulfonamides, trimethoprim, amoxicillin and tylosin in medicated feed by high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. J Vet Res2024, 68, 129–136, 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0011.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Powell J.E., Carver Z., Leonard S.P., Moran N.A.: Field-realistic tylosin exposure impacts honey bee microbiota and pathogen susceptibility, which is ameliorated by native gut probiotics. Microbiol Spectr 2021, 9, e0010321, doi: 10.1128/Spectrum.00103-21.PowellJ.E.CarverZ.LeonardS.P.MoranN.A.: Field-realistic tylosin exposure impacts honey bee microbiota and pathogen susceptibility, which is ameliorated by native gut probiotics. Microbiol Spectr2021, 9, e0010321, 10.1128/Spectrum.00103-21.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Quintanilla-Vázquez P.G., Beltrán Martínez M.C., Peris Palau B., Rodríguez Garcia M., Molina Pons M.P.: Antibiotic residues in milk and cheeses after the off-label use of macrolides in dairy goats. Small Rumin Res 2018, 167, 55–60, doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.08.008.Quintanilla-VázquezP.G.Beltrán MartínezM.C.Peris PalauB.Rodríguez GarciaM.Molina PonsM.P.: Antibiotic residues in milk and cheeses after the off-label use of macrolides in dairy goats. Small Rumin Res2018, 167, 55–60, 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.08.008.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Shryock T., Mortensen J.E., Baumholtz M.: The effects of macrolides on the expression of bacterial virulence mechanisms. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998, 41, 505–512, doi: 10.1093/jac/41.5.505.ShryockT.MortensenJ.E.BaumholtzM.: The effects of macrolides on the expression of bacterial virulence mechanisms. J Antimicrob Chemother1998, 41, 505–512, 10.1093/jac/41.5.505.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Teeter J.S., Meyerhoff R.D.: Aerobic degradation of tylosin in cattle, chicken, and swine excreta. Environ Res 2003, 93, 45–51, doi: 10.1016/s0013-9351(02)00086-5.TeeterJ.S.MeyerhoffR.D.: Aerobic degradation of tylosin in cattle, chicken, and swine excreta. Environ Res2003, 93, 45–51, 10.1016/s0013-9351(02)00086-5.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ueda Y., Ohtsuki S., Narukawa N., Takeda K.: Effect of terdecamycin on experimentally induced Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1994, 41, 283–290, doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1994.tb00229.x.UedaY.OhtsukiS.NarukawaN.TakedaK.: Effect of terdecamycin on experimentally induced Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B1994, 41, 283–290, 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1994.tb00229.x.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Żmudzki J., Szczotka A., Nowak A., Strzelecka H., Grzesiak A., Pejsak Z.: Antimicrobial susceptibility of Brachyspirahyodysenteriae isolated from 21 Polish farms. Pol J Vet Sci 2012, 15, 259–265, doi: 10.2478/v10181-011-0143-3.ŻmudzkiJ.SzczotkaA.NowakA.StrzeleckaH.GrzesiakA.PejsakZ.: Antimicrobial susceptibility of Brachyspirahyodysenteriae isolated from 21 Polish farms. Pol J Vet Sci2012, 15, 259–265, 10.2478/v10181-011-0143-3.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar