Characteristics of seed material and seedlings of Conium maculatum L.

1. Koczwara M. Conium maculatum L., Szczwół plamisty. In: Szafer W, Pawłowski B, eds. Flora Polska. Rośliny naczyniowe Polski i ziem ościennych. Kraków. PWN, 1960: 45.Search in Google Scholar

2. Matuszkiewicz W. Przewodnik do oznaczania zbiorowisk roślinnych Polski. Warszawa. PWN, 2001.Search in Google Scholar

3. Lopez A, Cid S, Bianchini L. Biochemistry of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) alkaloids and their acute and chronic toxicity in livestock. A review. Toxicon 1999; 37:841-865.Search in Google Scholar

4. Vetter J. Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.). Review. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:1373-1382.10.1016/j.fct.2004.04.00915234067Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5. Al-Snafi AE. Pharmacology and toxicology of Conium maculatum. A review. Pharm Chem J 2016; 3(2):136-142.Search in Google Scholar

6. Strzelecka H, Kowalski J, eds. Encyklopedia zielarstwa i ziołolecznictwa. Warszawa 2000:542.Search in Google Scholar

7. International Rules for Seed Testing. Edition 2010. International Seed Testing Association 2010.Search in Google Scholar

8. Kulpa W. Owoce i nasiona chwastów. Klucze do oznaczania. Warszawa 1958:200.Search in Google Scholar

9. Brouwer W, Stählin A. Handbuch der Samenkunde. Frankfurt am Main 1955:522.Search in Google Scholar

10. Baskin JM, Baskin CC. Seed germination ecology of poison hemlock, Conium maculatum. Can J Bot 1990; 68(9):2018-2024.10.1139/b90-264Search in Google Scholar

11. Maneva S, Milanova S. Seasonal changes of seed germination of Conium maculatum L. regression models for estimation. Agriculture & Forestry 2014; 60 (4): 223-233.Search in Google Scholar

12. Bond W, Davies G, Turner R. The biology and non-chemical control of hemlock (Conium maculatum L.). 2007; http://www.gardenorganic.org.uk/organicweedsSearch in Google Scholar