[1. Toman J. A taxonomic survey of the genera Petasites and Endocellion. Folia Geobot Phytotax 1972; 7:381-406.10.1007/BF02854767]Search in Google Scholar
[2. Tan K, Zieliński J, Vladimirov V, Stevanović V. On a new Petasites species from the southern Pindos (Greece). Phytol Balcan 2010; 16(2):243-8.]Search in Google Scholar
[3. Szafer W, Kulczyński S, Pawłowski B. Rośliny Polskie, vol II. Warszawa 1986:693-6.]Search in Google Scholar
[4. Rutkowski L. Klucz do oznaczania roślin naczyniowych Polski niżowej. Warszawa 1998:487-8.]Search in Google Scholar
[5. Broda B, Mowszowicz J. Przewodnik do oznaczania roślin leczniczych, trujących i użytkowych. 6th ed. Warszawa 2000:723-5.]Search in Google Scholar
[6. Zając A, Zając M, eds. Atlas rozmieszczenia roślin naczyniowych w Polsce. Kraków 2001:400-1.]Search in Google Scholar
[7. Uziębło AK. Subalpine populations of Petasites kablikianus Tausch ex. Bercht. in the Babia Góra and in the Karkonosze National Parks. In: Štursa J, Mazurski KR, Palucki A, Potocka J (eds.). Geoekologické problémy Krkonoš. Opera Corcontica 2004; 41:135-41.]Search in Google Scholar
[8. Uziębło AK. Petasites kablikianus Tausch ex Berchtold as a pioneer species and its abilities to colonise initial habitats. Prace Nauk UŚ w Katowicach 2011; 2886:1-233.]Search in Google Scholar
[9. Cherniawsky DM, Bayer RJ. Systematics of North American Petasites (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). I. Morphometric analyses. Can J Bot 1998; 76:23-36.]Search in Google Scholar
[10. Cherniawsky DM, Bayer RJ. Systematics of North American Petasites (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). III. A taxonomic revision. Can J Bot 1998; 76:2061-75.]Search in Google Scholar
[11. Kwaśniewska J. Podbiał (Tussilago L.) a lepiężnik (Petasites Mill.). Ziel Biul Inf 1958; 10(1):11.]Search in Google Scholar
[12. Brune K, Bickel D, Peskar BA. Gastro-protective effects by extracts of Petasites hybridus: the role of inhibition of peptidoleukotriene synthesis. Planta Med 1993; 59:494-6.10.1055/s-2006-9597468302945]Search in Google Scholar
[13. Zioło, G, Samochowiec L. Study on clinical properties and mechanisms of action of Petasites in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis. Pharm Acta Helv 1998; 72:378-80.]Search in Google Scholar
[14. Zioło G. Lepiężnik różowy w leczeniu astmy i przewlekłej obturacyjnej choroby płuc. Post Fitoter 2001; 2(2-3):18-23.]Search in Google Scholar
[15. Brown DJ. Standardized butterbur extract for migraine treatment: a clinical overview. HerbalGram 2003; 58:18-19.]Search in Google Scholar
[16. Agosti R, Duke RK, Chrubasik JE, Chrubasik S. Effectiveness of Petasites hybridus preparations in the prophylaxis of migraine: a systematic review. Phytomed 2006; 13:743-6.10.1016/j.phymed.2006.02.00816987643]Search in Google Scholar
[17. Sutherland A, Sweet BV. Butterbur: an alternative therapy for migraine prevention. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2010; 67(9):705-11.10.2146/ajhp09013620410544]Search in Google Scholar
[18. World Health Organization. Butterbur. Liver toxicity. WHO Pharmaceutical Newsletter 2012; 4:10.]Search in Google Scholar
[19. Aydın AA, Zerbes V, Parlar H, Letzel T. The medical plant butterbur (Petasites): analytical and physiological (re)view. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 75:220-29.10.1016/j.jpba.2012.11.02823277154]Search in Google Scholar
[20. Wu SN, Chen H, Lin YL. The mechanism of inhibitory actions of S-petasin, a sesquiterpene of Petasites formosanus, on L-type calcium current in NG108-15 neuronal cells. Planta Med 2003; 69(2):118-24.10.1055/s-2003-3771112624815]Search in Google Scholar
[21. Sok DE, Oh SH, Kim YB, Kang HG, Kim MR. Neuroprotection by extract of Petasites japonicus leaves, a traditional vegetable, against oxidative stress in brain of mice challenged with kainic acid. Eur J Nutr 2006; 45(2):61-9.10.1007/s00394-005-0565-815997340]Search in Google Scholar
[22. Kim SM, Kang SW, Jeon JS, Jung YJ, Kim CY, Pan CH et al. Rapid identification and evaluation of antioxidant compounds from extracts of Petasites japonicus by hyphenated-HPLC techniques. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26(2):199-207.10.1002/bmc.164621656532]Search in Google Scholar
[23. Song KS, Jeong WS, Jun M. Inhibition of β-amyloid peptide-induced neurotoxicity by kaempferol 3-O-(6’’-acetyl)-β-glucopyranoside from butterbur (Petasites japonicus) leaves in B103 Cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012; 21(3):845-51.10.1007/s10068-012-0109-y]Search in Google Scholar
[24. Wang S, Jin DQ, Xie Ch, Wang H, Wang M, Xu J et al. Isolation, characterization, and neuroprotective activities of sesquiterpenes from Petasites japonicus. Food Chem 2013; 141(3):2075-82.10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.11623870930]Search in Google Scholar
[25. Cui HS, Kim MR, Sok DE. Protection by petaslignolide A, a major neuroprotective compound in the butanol extract of Petasites japonicus leaves, against oxidative damage in the brains of mice challenged with kainic acid. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53(22):8526-3210.1021/jf051595q]Search in Google Scholar
[26. Oh SH, Sok DE, Kim MR. Neuroprotective effects of butterbur and rough aster against kainic acidinduced oxidative stress in mice. J Med Food 2005; 8(2):169-76.10.1089/jmf.2005.8.169]Search in Google Scholar
[27. Wang GJ, Shum AYC, Lin YL, Liao JF, Wu XC, Ren J et al. Calcium channel blockade in vascular smooth muscle cells: major hypotensive mechanism of S-petasin, a hypotensive sesquiterpene from Petasites formosanus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001; 297:240-26.]Search in Google Scholar
[28. Shih CH, Huang TJ, Chen CM, Lin YL, Ko WC. S-petasin, the main sesquiterpene of Petasites formosanus, inhibits phosphodiesterase activity and suppresses ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011; 2011:132374.10.1093/ecam/nep088]Search in Google Scholar
[29. Ko WC, Lei CB, Lin YL, Chen CF. Mechanisms of relaxant action of S-petasin and S-isopetasin, sesquiterpenes of Petasites formosanus, in isolated guinea pig trachea. Planta Med 2001; 67:224-9.10.1055/s-2001-11991]Search in Google Scholar
[30. Esberg LB, Wang GJ, Lin YL, Ren J. Iso-S-petasin, a hypotensive sesquiterpene from Petasites formosanus, depresses cardiac contraction and intracellular Ca2+ transients in adult rat ventricular myocytes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2003; 55(1):103-7.10.1211/002235702577]Search in Google Scholar
[31. Sun ZL, Gao GL, Luo JY, Zhang XL, Zhang M, Feng J. A new neuroprotective bakkenolide from the rhizome of Petasites tatewakianus. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:401-4.10.1016/j.fitote.2010.11.020]Search in Google Scholar
[32. Novotny L, Toman J, Stary F, Marquez AD, Herout V, Sorm F. Contribution to the chemotaxonomy of some European Petasites species. Phytochem 1966; 5:1281-87.10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86124-5]Search in Google Scholar
[33. Siegenthaler P, Neuenschwander M. Sesquiterpenes from Petasites hybridus (furanopetasin chemovar): separation, isolation and quantitation of compounds from fresh plant extracts. Pharm Acta Helv 1997; 72:57-67.10.1016/S0031-6865(96)00056-8]Search in Google Scholar
[34. Wildi E, Langer T, Schaffner W, Büter KB. Quantitative analysis of petasin and pyrrolizidine alkaloids in leaves and rhizomes of in situ grown Petasites hybridus plants. Planta Med 1998; 64(3):264-7.10.1055/s-2006-957422]Search in Google Scholar
[35. Chizzola R, Ozelsberger B, Langer T. Variability in chemical constituents in Petasites hybridus from Austria. Biochem Syst Ecol 2000; 28:421-32.10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00077-0]Search in Google Scholar
[36. Chizzola R, Langer T, Franz C. An approach to the inheritance of the sesquiterpene chemotype within Petasites hybridus. Planta Med 2006; 72:1254-6.10.1055/s-2006-947226]Search in Google Scholar
[37. Avula B, Wang YH, Wang M, Smillie TJ, Khan IA. Simultaneous determination of sesquiterpenes and pyrrolizidine alkaloids from the rhizomes of Petasites hybridus (L.) G.M. et Sch. and dietary supplements using UPLC-UV and HPLC-TOF-MS methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 70:53--63.10.1016/j.jpba.2012.05.021]Search in Google Scholar
[38. Debrunner B, Neuenschwander M. Isolierung, HPLC-Trennung und Quantifizierung der Sesquiterpenfraktion von Petasites hybridus (L) G.M. et SCH. Chimia 1994; 48:564-9.]Search in Google Scholar
[39. Debrunner B, Neuenschwander M. Sesquiterpenes of Petasites hybridus (L.) G.M. et Sch.: influence of locations and season on sesquiterpene distribution. Pharm Acta Helv 1995; 70:315-23. 10.1016/0031-6865(95)00037-2]Search in Google Scholar
[40. Debrunner B, Neuenschwander M. Brenneisen R. Sesquiterpenes of Petasites hybridus (L.) G.M. et Sch.: distribution of sesquiterpene over plant organs. Pharm Acta Helv 1995; 70:167-73.10.1016/0031-6865(95)00017-4]Search in Google Scholar
[41. Ober D, Kaltenegger E. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis, evolution of a pathway in plant secondary metabolism. Phytochem 2009; 70(15-16):1687-95.10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.05.017]Search in Google Scholar
[42. Dreger M, Stanisławska M, Krajewska-Patan A, Mielcarek S, Mikołajczak PŁ, Buchwald W. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids - chemistry, biosynthesis, pathway, toxicity, safety and perspectives of medicinal usage. Herba Pol 2009; 55(4):127-47.]Search in Google Scholar
[43. Chemical Information Review Document. CAS No. 90082-63-6. Butterbur (Petasites hybridus, ext.). National Toxicology Program. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. National Institutes of Health. U.S. 2009. (http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/noms/support_docs/butterbur_nov2009.pdf)]Search in Google Scholar
[44. Saritas Y, von Reub SH, König WA. Sesquiterpene constituents in Petasites hybridus. Phytochem 2002; 59:795-803.10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00489-7]Search in Google Scholar
[45. Schwendimann JM, Tabacchi R, Jacot-Guillarmod A. Identification of the phenolic compounds in the leaves of Homogyne alpina, Petasites albus, Petasites hybridus, and Adenostyles alliariae. Helv Chim Acta 1974; 57:552-7.10.1002/hlca.19740570308]Search in Google Scholar
[46. Meier B. Die Pestwurz - Stand der Forschung. Z Phytother 1994; 15:268-84.]Search in Google Scholar
[47. Meier B, Meier-Liebi M. Petasites. In: Hänsel R, Keller K, Rimpler H, Schneider G. eds. Hagers Handbuch der Pharmaceutischen Praxis, Bd. 6 Drogen. Berlin Heidelberg 1994:81-105.]Search in Google Scholar
[48. Khaleghi F, Din LB, Charati FR, Yaacob WA, Khalilzadeh MA, Skelton B et al. A new bioactive compound from the roots of Petasites hybridus. Phytochem Lett 2011; 4:254-8.10.1016/j.phytol.2011.04.009]Search in Google Scholar
[49. Barnes J, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD. Herbal Medicines. 3th ed. London, Pharmaceutical Press. 2007:107-117.]Search in Google Scholar
[50. Olajide OA, Bhatia HS, de Oliveira ACP, Wright CW, Fiebich BL. Inhibition of neuroinflammation in LPSactivated microglia by cryptolepine. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013:45972310.1155/2013/459723366211623737832]Search in Google Scholar
[51. Wang Y, Zhang X, Li C, Zhao J, Wei E, Zhang L. Involvement of 5-lipoxygenase/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 in rotenone- and MPP +-induced BV2 microglial activation. Mol Neurodegener 2012; 7(Suppl 1):S24.10.1186/1750-1326-7-S1-S24]Search in Google Scholar
[52. Lima IVA, Bastos LFS, Filho ML, Fiebich BL, de Oliveira ACP. Role of prostaglandins in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:946813.10.1155/2012/946813338569322778499]Search in Google Scholar
[53. Antonova M, Wienecke T, Olesen J, Ashina M. Prostaglandin E2 induces immediate migraine-like attack in migraine patients without aura. Cephalalgia 2012; 32(11):822-33.10.1177/033310241245136022718556]Search in Google Scholar
[54. Antonova M, Wienecke T, Olesen J, Ashina M. Prostaglandins in migraine: update. Curr Opin Neurol 2013; 26(3):269-75.10.1097/WCO.0b013e328360864b23519238]Search in Google Scholar
[55. Mayer CL, Huber BR, Peskind E. Traumatic brain injury, neuroinflammation, and post-traumatic headaches. Headache 2013; 53(9):1523-30.10.1111/head.12173408988824090534]Search in Google Scholar
[56. Fiebich BL, Grozdeva M, Hess S, Hull M, Danesch U, Bodensieck A, Bauer R. Petasites hybridus extracts in vitro inhibit COX-2 and PGE2 release by direct interaction with the enzyme and by preventing p42/44 MAP kinase activation in rat primary microglial cells. Planta Med 2005; 71(1):12-9.10.1055/s-2005-83774415678367]Search in Google Scholar
[57. Streit WJ, Mrak RE, Sue W, Griffin T. Microglia and neuroinflammation: a pathological perspective. J Neuroinflamm 2004; 1:14.10.1186/1742-2094-1-1450942715285801]Search in Google Scholar
[58. Frank-Cannon TC, Alto LT, McAlpine FE, Tansey MG. Does neuroinflammation fan the flame in neurodegenerative diseases? Molecular Neurodegener 2009; 4:47.]Search in Google Scholar
[59. Peterson LJ, Flood PM. Oxidative stress and microglial cells in Parkinson’s disease. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:401264.]Search in Google Scholar
[60. Zotova E, Bharambe V, Cheaveau M, Morgan W, Holmes C, Harris S et al. Inflammatory components in human Alzheimer’s disease and after active amyloid-b42 immunization. Brain 2013; 136: 2677-96.10.1093/brain/awt21023943781]Search in Google Scholar
[61. Perry VH, Teeling J. Microglia and macrophages of the central nervous system: the contribution of microglia priming and systemic inflammation to chronic eurodegeneration. Semin Immunopathol 2013; 35:601-12.10.1007/s00281-013-0382-8374295523732506]Search in Google Scholar
[62. Losy J. Is MS an inflammatory or primary degenerative disease? J Neural Transm 2013; 120(10):1459-62.]Search in Google Scholar
[63. Peters-Golden M, Henderson WR. Leukotrienes. N Engl J Med 2007; 357(18):1841-54.10.1056/NEJMra07137117978293]Search in Google Scholar
[64. Bickel D, Röder T, Bestmann HJ, Brune K. Identification and characterization of inhibitors of peptidoleukotriene- synthesis from Petasites hybridus. Planta Med 1994; 60(4):318-22.10.1055/s-2006-9594927938265]Search in Google Scholar
[65. Thomet OA, Wiesmann UN, Schapowal A, Bizer C, Simon HU. Role of petasin in the potential antiinflammatory activity of a plant extract of Petasites hybridus. Biochem Pharmacol 2001; 61(8):1041-7. 10.1016/S0006-2952(01)00552-4]Search in Google Scholar
[66. Bäck M. Cysteinyl-leukotrienes in cerebrovascular disease: angels and demons? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:805-6.]Search in Google Scholar
[67. Bäck M. Inhibitors of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 2009; 15(27):3116-32.10.2174/13816120978905802019754386]Search in Google Scholar
[68. Manev H, Chen H, Dzitoyeva S, Manev R. Cyclooxygenases and 5-lipoxygenase in Alzheimer’s disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35(2):315-9.10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.07.032303349020691748]Search in Google Scholar
[69. Amtul Z, Uhrig M, Wang L, Rozmahel RF, Beyreuther K. Detrimental effects of arachidonic acid and its metabolites in cellular and mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease: structural insight. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33(4):831.e21-31.10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.07.01421920632]Search in Google Scholar
[70. IUPHAR Database. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. http://www.iuphar-db.org/DATABASE/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=IC (access: 28.09.2013)]Search in Google Scholar
[71. Catterall WA, Perez-Reyes E, Snutch TP, Striessnig J. International Union of Pharmacology. XLVIII. Nomenclature and Structure-Function Relationships of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels. Pharmacol Rev 2005; 57:411-25.10.1124/pr.57.4.516382099]Search in Google Scholar
[72. Cao YQ. Voltage-gated calcium channels and pain. Pain 2006; 126:5-9.10.1016/j.pain.2006.10.01917084979]Search in Google Scholar
[73. Belardetti F, Zamponi GW. Linking calcium-channel isoforms to potential therapies. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 9(7):707-15.]Search in Google Scholar
[74. Rahman W, Dickenson AH. Voltage gated sodium and calcium channel blockers for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain. Neurosci Lett 2013; S0304-3940(13)007:23-4.]Search in Google Scholar
[75. Pietrobon D. Calcium channels and migraine. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1828(7):1655-65.10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.11.01223165010]Search in Google Scholar
[76. Horak S, Koschak A, Stuppner H, Striessnig J. Use-dependent block of voltage-gated Cav2.1 Ca2+ channels by petasins and eudesmol isomers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 330(1):220-6.10.1124/jpet.109.15118319369579]Search in Google Scholar
[77. Wang GJ, Lin YL, Chen CH, Wu XC, Liao JF, Ren J. Cellular calcium regulatory machinery of vasorelaxation elicited by petasin. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37(3):309-15.10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05283.x19719750]Search in Google Scholar
[78. Wang GJ, Liao JF, Hintz KK, Chen WP, Su MJ, Lin YL et al. Calcium-antagonizing activity of S-petasin, a hypotensive sesquiterpene from Petasites formosanus, on inotropic and chronotropic responses in isolated rat atria and cardiac myocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2004; 369(3):322-9.10.1007/s00210-003-0863-815010899]Search in Google Scholar
[79. Wang GJ, Wu XC, Lin YL, Ren J, Shum AY, Wu YY et al. Ca2+ channel blocking effect of iso-S-petasin in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 445(3):239-45.10.1016/S0014-2999(02)01764-8]Search in Google Scholar
[80. Sheykhzade M, Smajilovic S, Issa A, Haunso S, Christensen SB, Tfelt-Hansen J. S-petasin and butterbur lactones dilate vessels through blockage of voltage gated calcium channels and block DNA synthesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 593(1-3):79-86.10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.07.00418655785]Search in Google Scholar
[81. Chen Z, Huo JR. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated with toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal preparations. Neth J Med 2010; 68(6):252-60.]Search in Google Scholar
[82. Danesch U, Rittinghausen R. Safety of a patented special butterbur root extract for migraine prevention. Headache 2003; 43(1):76-8.10.1046/j.1526-4610.2003.03015.x12864764]Search in Google Scholar
[83. Hirono I, Mori H, Haga M, Fuji M, Yamada K, Hirata Y et al. Edible plants containing carcinogenic pyrrolizidin alkaloids in Japan. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium of the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund 1979; 9:79-88.]Search in Google Scholar
[84. Diener HC, Rahlfs VW, Danesch U. The first placebo-controlled trial of a special butterbur root extract for the prevention of migraine: reanalysis of efficacy criteria. Eur Neurol 2004; 51(2):89-97.10.1159/00007653514752215]Search in Google Scholar
[85. Käufeler R, Polasek W, Brattström A, Koetter U. Efficacy and safety of butterbur herbal extract Ze 339 in seasonal allergic rhinitis: postmarketing surveillance study. Adv Ther 2006; 23(2):373-84.10.1007/BF0285014316751170]Search in Google Scholar
[86. Brattström A. A newly developed extract (Ze 339) from butterbur (Petasites hybridus L.) is clinically efficient in allergic rhinitis (hay fever). Phytomed 2003; 10(Suppl. I4):50-2.10.1078/1433-187X-00304]Search in Google Scholar
[87. Lee DK, Gray RD, Robb FM, Fujihara S, Lipworth BJ. A placebo-controlled evaluation of butterbur and fexofenadine on objective and subjective outcomes in perennial allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34(4):646-9.10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1903.x15080820]Search in Google Scholar
[88. Melzer J, Schrader E, Brattström A, Schellenberg R, Saller R. Fixed herbal drug combination with and without butterbur (Ze 185) for the treatment of patients with somatoform disorders: randomized, placebo-controlled pharmaco-clinical trial. Phytother Res 2009; 23(9):1303-8.10.1002/ptr.277119274698]Search in Google Scholar
[89. Lipton RB, Göbel H, Einhäupl KM, Wilks K, Mauskop A. Petasites hybridus root (butterbur) is an effective preventive treatment for migraine. Neurology 2004; 63(12):2240-4.10.1212/01.WNL.0000147290.68260.11]Search in Google Scholar
[90. Schapowal A. Petasites Study Group. Butterbur Ze339 for the treatment of intermittent allergic rhinitis: dose-dependent efficacy in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004; 130(12):1381-6. 10.1001/archotol.130.12.138115611396]Search in Google Scholar
[91. Oelkers-Ax R, Leins A, Parzer P, Hillecke T, Bolay HV, Fischer J, Bender S, Hermanns U, Resch F. Butterbur root extract and music therapy in the prevention of childhood migraine: an explorative study. Eur J Pain 2008; 12(3):301-13.10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.06.003]Search in Google Scholar
[92. Pothmann R, Danesch U. Migraine prevention in children and adolescents: results of an open study with a special butterbur root extract. Headache 2005; 45(3):196-203.10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.05044.x]Search in Google Scholar
[93. Lipton RB, Gobel H, Wilks K, Mauskop A. Efficacy of Petasites (an extract from Petasites rhizoma) 50 and 75 mg for prophylaxis of migraine: results of a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled study. Neurology 2002; 58:A472]Search in Google Scholar
[94. Grossmann M, Schmidramsl H. An extract of Petasites hybridus is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine. Inter J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000; 38:430-5.10.5414/CPP38430]Search in Google Scholar
[95. Grossmann W, Schmidramsl H. An extract of Petasites hybridus is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine.Altern Med Rev 2001; 6(3):303-10]Search in Google Scholar
[96. Gex-Collet C, Imhof L, Brattström A, Pichler WJ, Helbling A. The butterbur extract petasin has no effect on skin test reactivity induced by different stimuli: a randomized, double-blind crossover study using histamine, codeine, methacholine, and aeroallergen solutions. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2006; 16(3):156-61.]Search in Google Scholar
[97. Schapowal A. Study Group. Treating intermittent allergic rhinitis: a prospective, randomized, placebo and antihistamine-controlled study of butterbur extract Ze 339. Phytother Res 2005; 19(6):530-7.10.1002/ptr.1705]Search in Google Scholar
[98. Schapowal A. Petasites Study Group. Randomised controlled trial of butterbur and cetirizine for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis. BMJ 2002; 324:144-610.1136/bmj.324.7330.144]Search in Google Scholar
[99. Gray RD, Haggart K, Lee DK, Cull S, Lipworth BJ. Effects of butterbur treatment in intermittent allergic rhinitis: a placebo-controlled evaluation. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004; 93(1):56-60.10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61447-0]Search in Google Scholar
[100. Lee DKC, Carstairs IJ, Haggart K, Jackson CM, Currie GP, Lipworth BJ. Butterbur, a herbal remedy, attenuates adenosine monophosphate induced nasal responsiveness in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2003; 33(7):882-6.10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01705.x]Search in Google Scholar
[101. Thomet OA, Schapowal A, Heinisch IV, Wiesmannn UN, Simon HU. Anti-inflammatory activity of an extract of Petasites hybridus in allergic rhinitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2002; 2(7):997-100610.1016/S1567-5769(02)00046-2]Search in Google Scholar
[102. Danesch U. Petasites hybridus (butterbur root) extract in the treatment of asthma - an open trial. Altern Med Rev 2004; 9(1):54-62.]Search in Google Scholar
[103. Jackson CM, Lee DK, Lipworth BJ. The effects of butterbur on the histamine and allergen cutaneous response. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004; 92(2):250-4. 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61556-6]Search in Google Scholar