Formerly: Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International

Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research

Contributions to Tob. Res.

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Much research has gone into establishing the temperature gradients that exist inside a burning cigarette. These temperature gradients should correspond to changes in the density of the tobacco column due to the condensation and subsequent re-evaporation of volatiles resulting from pyrolysis, combustion, and final ash formation. These dynamic measurements on the burning cigarette were made using a modified beta thickness gauge. A beam of collimated beta particles from a 32P-source is projected through the side of a cigarette at a fixed position. The cigarette is allowed to burn past the focused beta beam. The number of transmitted particles is dependent upon the density of the mass penetrated by the incident particles, and is reflected as a change in the number of counts detected per unit time. A density profile of the burning cigarette has been established for both the puffing and static modes. These density changes are correlated with published temperature profiles. The buildup of the volatile materials (mostly water) on the tobacco rod behind the pyrolytic region is presented. The rate of evaporative losses of these condensables is shown to be dependent on puff count (cigarette length). A detailed density profile of the condensing materials from a single puff has been established. The relationships of these density changes to current smoke formation theories are discussed</abstract>

Abstract

Philip Morris Research Center, Richmond, Virginia, U.S.A.

Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A.

<article-title>Cigarette Smoke Formation Studies: IV. The Dynamic Measurement of the AxiaI Density of a Burning Cigarette</article-title>

Cigarette Smoke Formation Studies: IV. The Dynamic Measurement of the AxiaI Density of a Burning Cigarette

Contributions to Tobacco and Nicotine Research is covered by the following services: <ul> <li> Baidu Scholar </li> <li> CABI (over 50 subsections) </li> <li> Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) - CAplus </li> <li> Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) - SciFinder </li> <li> CNKI Scholar (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) </li> <li> CNPIEC - cnpLINKer </li> <li> Dimensions </li> <li> DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) </li> <li> EBSCO </li> <li> Elsevier - Reaxys </li> <li> ExLibris </li> <li> Google Scholar </li> <li> Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) </li> <li> J-Gate </li> <li> JournalGuide </li> <li> JournalTOCs </li> <li> KESLI-NDSL (Korean National Discovery for Science Leaders) </li> <li> MyScienceWork </li> <li> Naver Academic </li> <li> Naviga (Softweco) </li> <li> QOAM (Quality Open Access Market) </li> <li> ReadCube </li> <li> SCILIT </li> <li> SCImago (SJR) </li> <li> SCOPUS </li> <li> Semantic Scholar </li> <li> TDNet </li> <li> Ulrich's Periodicals Directory/ulrichsweb </li> <li> WanFang Data </li> <li> Web of Science - Biological Abstracts </li> <li> Web of Science - BIOSIS Previews </li> <li> WorldCat (OCLC) </li> <li> X-MOL </li> </ul>

Contributions to Tobacco and Nicotine Research ist in den folgenden Services indiziert: <ul> <li> Baidu Scholar </li> <li> CABI (over 50 subsections) </li> <li> Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) - CAplus </li> <li> Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) - SciFinder </li> <li> CNKI Scholar (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) </li> <li> CNPIEC - cnpLINKer </li> <li> Dimensions </li> <li> DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) </li> <li> EBSCO </li> <li> Elsevier - Reaxys </li> <li> ExLibris </li> <li> Google Scholar </li> <li> Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) </li> <li> J-Gate </li> <li> JournalGuide </li> <li> JournalTOCs </li> <li> KESLI-NDSL (Korean National Discovery for Science Leaders) </li> <li> MyScienceWork </li> <li> Naver Academic </li> <li> Naviga (Softweco) </li> <li> QOAM (Quality Open Access Market) </li> <li> ReadCube </li> <li> SCILIT </li> <li> SCImago (SJR) </li> <li> SCOPUS </li> <li> Semantic Scholar </li> <li> TDNet </li> <li> Ulrich's Periodicals Directory/ulrichsweb </li> <li> WanFang Data </li> <li> Web of Science - Biological Abstracts </li> <li> Web of Science - BIOSIS Previews </li> <li> WorldCat (OCLC) </li> <li> X-MOL </li> </ul>

Advisory Board　　　 Bernhard Eitzinger, delfortgroup AG, Traun, Austria Ernest Groman, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Daniel Heck, HeckTox LLC, Greensboro, NC, USA Anne Fisher, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Xie Jianping, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China Hubert Klus, St. Pölten, Austria John H. Lauterbach, Lauterbach &amp; Associates LLC, Macon, GA, USA Ramsey Lewis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA Chuan Liu, Southampton, UK Tryggve Ljung, Swedish Match, Stockholm, Sweden Michael W. Ogden, Ogden Ology, LLC, Lewisville, NC, USA Thilo Paschke, Geneva, Switzerland Stephen W. Purkis, Bristol, UK Elmar Richter †, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Wolfram Roeper, Hamburg, Germany Wolfgang Trinkies, Bayreuth, Germany Andreas Zemann, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria Editors Wolf-Dieter Heller Gerhard Scherer Editorial Office Barbara Boenke Brigitte Müller Anja Thielen Contact <A href="mailto:editors@beitraege-bti.de">editors@beitraege-bti.de</A> Publisher De Gruyter Poland Bogumiła Zuga 32A Str. 01-811 Warsaw, Poland T: +48 22 701 50 15

Please submit your manuscripts to Contributions to Tobacco and Nicotine Research via Editorial Manager system to: <A href="http://www.editorialmanager.com/btfi">www.editorialmanager.com/btfi</A> Open Access Statement The journal is an Open Access journal that allows a free unlimited access to all its contents without any restrictions upon publication to all users. Copyright Policy All publications are licensed under a <A href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</A> (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. Article Processing Changes To publish in CTNR, authors are not required to pay an Article Processing Charge

Contributions to Tobacco and Nicotine Research (formerly: Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International / Contribution to Tobacco Research International) publishes articles with a focus on tobacco, nicotine, and related consumer products. In addition, all aspects of research on the tobacco plant as well as on product technology and manufacturing are relevant for the Journal. Products of interest comprise (i) combustible tobacco products (cigarettes, cigars, pipes, etc.), (ii) smokeless tobacco (SLT) products (snuff, snus, chewing tobacco, etc.), (iii) tobacco heating products (THP), (iv) electronic cigarettes (e-cigs, w/o nicotine), (v) oral nicotine delivery (OND) products. All scientific investigations on product-related properties (including physical, chemical, biological, and toxicological properties) as well as on the influence on consumers’ behavior and response (including acute and long-term product use patterns and biomarker profiles) are considered for publication. Submissions can be of the following types: original investigations, reviews, short reports commentaries, letters to the editor. Fields covered by the Journal <UL> <LI>Research into the tobacco plant </LI> <UL> <LI>Tobacco plant </LI> <LI>Metabolism </LI> <LI>Cultivation </LI> <LI>Pesticides Biotechnology (Plant pathology, Mycology, Microbiology) </LI> </UL></UL> <UL> <LI>Manufacture of tobacco products </LI> <UL> <LI>Processing of tobacco </LI> <LI>Flavor </LI> <LI>Manufacture of cigarettes and other products </LI> <LI>Tobacco and environment </LI> <LI>Chemical engineering including physical chemistry </LI> </UL></UL> <UL> <LI>Analysis and properties of tobacco smoke </LI> <UL> <LI>Physical properties </LI> <LI>Chemical properties </LI> <LI>Combustion studies </LI> <LI>Mainstream/sidestream smoke </LI> <LI>Filter studies </LI> <LI>Special substances </LI> <LI>Analytical methods </LI> <LI>Machine smoking </LI> </UL></UL> <UL> <LI>Tobacco products other than cigarettes </LI> <UL> <LI>Cigars / cigarillos </LI> <LI>Pipe tobacco </LI> <LI>Smokeless tobacco (SLT) products (snuff, snus, chewing tobacco) </LI></UL> <LI>New products </LI> <UL> <LI>Tobacco heating products (THP) </LI> <LI>Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs, w/o nicotine) </LI> <LI>Oral nicotine devices (OND, e.g., nicotine pouches) </LI> </UL></UL> <UL> <LI>Human smoking behavior </LI> <UL> <LI>Biomonitoring </LI> <LI>Consumer behavior </LI></UL></UL> Open Access Statement The journal is an Open Access journal that allows a free unlimited access to all its contents without any restrictions upon publication to all users. Archiving Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in <A href="https://www.portico.org/">Portico</A> - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections. Plagiarism Policy The editorial board is participating in a growing community of <A href="https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/">Similarity Check System's</A> users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.

<DIV align=left> Please submit your manuscripts to Contributions to Tobacco and Nicotine Research via Editorial Manager system to: <A href="http://www.editorialmanager.com/btfi">www.editorialmanager.com/btfi</A> Open Access License Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter einer <A href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Namensnennung - Nicht-kommerziell - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International Lizenz</A> (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Autoren, die in dieser Zeitschrift veröffentlichen, behalten alle Urheberrechte und stimmen den Bedingungen der oben genannten CC BY-NC-SA 4.0-Lizenz zu. </DIV>

Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research

Cigarette Smoke Formation Studies: IV. The Dynamic Measurement of the AxiaI Density of a Burning Cigarette

R.W. Jenkins,
R.W. Jenkins,
A.F. Frisch,
A.F. Frisch,
J.G. MacKinnon and
J.G. MacKinnon and
T.G. Williamson
T.G. Williamson

Published Online: 14 Aug 2014

Volume & Issue: Volume 9 (1977) - Issue 2 (June 1977)

Page range: 67 - 71

Journal & Issue Details

Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research

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Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research

Cigarette Smoke Formation Studies: IV. The Dynamic Measurement of the AxiaI Density of a Burning Cigarette

R.W. Jenkins,R.W. Jenkins,A.F. Frisch,A.F. Frisch,J.G. MacKinnon andJ.G. MacKinnon andT.G. WilliamsonT.G. Williamson

Published Online: 14 Aug 2014

Volume & Issue: Volume 9 (1977) - Issue 2 (June 1977)

Page range: 67 - 71

Journal & Issue Details

Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research

PDF Preview

References

Recent Articles

Plan your remote conference with Sciendo

R.W. Jenkins,
R.W. Jenkins,
A.F. Frisch,
A.F. Frisch,
J.G. MacKinnon and
J.G. MacKinnon and
T.G. Williamson
T.G. Williamson